A global city, also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a citywhich is

a primary node in the global economic network. The concept comes from geography and urban
studies, and the idea that globalization is created, facilitated, and enacted in
strategic geographic localesaccording to a hierarchy of importance to the operation of the global
system of finance and trade.

Characteristics
Although criteria are variable and fluid, typical characteristics of world cities are:[8]
 A variety of international financial services,[9] notably in finance, insurance, real
estate, banking, accountancy, and marketing
 Headquarters of several multinational corporations
 The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange, and major financial institutions
 Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area
 Major manufacturing centres with port and container facilities
 Considerable decision-making power on a daily basis and at a global level
 Centres of new ideas and innovation in business, economics, culture, and politics
 Centres of media and communications for global networks
 Dominance of the national region with great international significance
 High percentage of residents employed in the services sector and information sector
 High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities, international student
attendance,[10] and research facilities
 Multi-functional infrastructure offering some of the best legal, medical, and entertainment facilities in the
country
 High diversity in language, culture, religion, and ideologies.

unique factor in Japan is the juxtaposition of its fundamental rooting in tradition versus
the most outrageous modern thinking and behavior.

It is often said Japan is a land of contradictions, a society where the

reality on the ground is substantially different from the facade presented
to the outside world.
Tokyo has multiple environmental issues. The worst part about these environmental issues is that they
have a long term effect. For example, Tokyo is experiencing a severe cause of air pollution. Tokyo has
been polluted for a long time, but has decided to start increasing long term campaigns to stop this. Tokyo
is dealing with major problems, but still has the determination to fix their problem.
Tokyo has many
environmental
issues ranging from
the heat island
effect to air
pollution.
Environmental
storms are even an
environmental
issue. The heat
island effect is when
the city gets heated
up due to everyday
activities. Air
pollution is caused
by automobiles and
the lack of
consideration to
control this. Tokyo
has many major
environmental
issues that need to
be take care of
before things get
worst.

The heat
island effect is a
major problem in
Tokyo. It is a major
problem it
dramatically
increases the
temperature around
the urban area
making the likely
hood of a heat
stroke or
dehydration more
common. What
causes the heat
island effect is the
increased amount of
industry and
population (Heat
Island Effects, 13
April 15). Tokyo is a
huge manufacturer
of electronic devices
like phones, cars,
computers, and
cameras. Also, the
burning of materials
like
radioactive material
from other
countries,
contributes to the
heat island effect.
Burning radioactive
material releases
huge amounts of
harmful chemicals
into the
atmosphere. This
increases the
temperature around
Tokyo dramatically.
Another factor that
supports heat island
effect is the lack of
trees and plants.
Tokyo does not have
many trees or
bushes to filter the
air and provide
shade.
The isothermal
linearound the
island of Japan also
contributes to this
because it tells us
that a specific place
in Japan has the
same temperature
as in Tokyo (Hooper,
13 April 15). In this
case, Tokyo is linked
with a point on the
isothermal line that
has a hot tropical
climate. Ultimately,
the heat island
effect is a major
problem and is
caused by many
things including
urbanization and
increased
industrialization.

Tokyo has many

environmental
issues although the
most critical one is
air pollution. It is the
most critical
environmental issue
because it creates
makes the air in the
city almost un-
breathable; in terms
of it will make you
sick. The diseases
you could get from
the air pollution are
asthma, bronchitis,
and many types of
lung cancers.
Imagine one of the
most populated
cities in the world
with un-breathable
air. Not only is this
massive city
polluted, it is also
the capitol of Japan.
It would be very
critical for the
Japanese to keep
their capitol and
leader away from
the pollution. Air
pollution is mainly
caused by
automobiles and
factories (Tokyo Air
Pollution Climbs, 13
April
15).Automobiles and
factories in
Tokyorelease smoke
full of toxic
chemicals like
formaldehyde and
carbon dioxide.
Factories burn coal
and even
radioactive waste
from other
countries and it
decreases the
oxygen supplies and
releases chemicals
in the air that can
cause lung cancer.
(Pollution in Tokyo,
13 April 15) Air
pollution will hurt
Tokyo in the long
run. If Tokyo doesn't
decrease the air
pollution, in a
certain number of
years the city could
be almost
inhabitable. The air
pollution is so bad in
Tokyo right now
that you could
literally see the
smog covering the
city. The air
pollution will also
release more carbon
dioxide making the
city hotter. This air
pollution
contributes to
global warming too.

Tokyo is making an
effort to prevent all
these
environmental
problems. Tokyo is
losing the fight
against the end to
air pollution. The
number if
automobiles make it
seem impossible,
but they are still
trying. The
government has
now issued strict
rules addressing air
pollution. It
addresses what type
of air pollutants can
get released and the
use of high quality
fuel. That fuel will
be more
environmentally
friendly meaning
that it will not
release as many
harmful chemicals.
Tokyo has even
restricted the
amount of diesel
automobiles you
can buy in eight of
the 23 wards of
Tokyo. Factories are
also being upgraded
by adding smoke
cleaners that will
remove a lot of the
chemicals that
should not enter
into our
atmosphere. Heat
island effect is also
trying to be reduced
by decreasing daily
activities like driving
in your car. For
example, subways
are being expanded
to limit the use of
cars that create
carbon dioxide that
will contribute to
heat island effect.
Subways run on
electricity making
them
environmentally
friendly vs an
automobile.Ultimat
ely, Japan has made
their efforts to
decrease their
environmental
problems.

Although it is not much

of a problem at the
moment, incoming
typhoons, earthquakes,
and storms have caused
a lot of damage to
Tokyo before. Typhoon
Phanfone is a great
example of a natural
disaster that greatly
effected Tokyo.
Earthquakes are also a
major threat to Tokyo.
 Tokyo is in an
earthquake prone area
meaning that strong
earthquakes could
occur at anytime. Some
earthquakes shake the
foundations of buildings
while others topple
them over. One of the
strongest earthquakes
was The Great Kanto
Earthquake. This
earthquake redefined
how Tokyo would
defend themselves
against this. This
earthquake destroyed
nearly half of the whole
city of Tokyo. Both
typhoons and
earthquakes pose
threats to the safety of
Tokyo's buildings and
citizens.

In conclusion, there are

two main
environmental
problems: heat island
effect and air pollution.
They are being
addressed and maybe in
a few years Japan will
have clean air and a
cool temperature.
Tokyo has much work
ahead of them before
they can see clear skies
and breathe fresh air.

Webometrics ranks University of Tokyo as first in Asia for quantity and quality of web publication, and
Keio seventh.[9]
Within Tokyo, the relative degree of difficulty of entrance to particular "Faculties" (gakubu, also called
"Schools") or even their component Departments is of some interest. Yoyogi Seminar, a large cram
school company, publishes lists of gakubu arranged by difficulty. For faculties of law, economics,
business and commerce of public universities, the most demanding in or for 2010 was Hitotsubashi
University's faculty of law, followed by faculties of the University of Tokyo;[10] for these subjects at
private universities, four faculties of Keio and two of Waseda outclassed their closest rivals
(at Sophia and Chuo);[11] for faculties of humanities, education, languages and social studies of public
universities, Tokyo, the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Hitotsubashi, and Ochanomizu were
particularly demanding;[12] for the same at private universities, two faculties of Keio, four of Waseda, one
of Sophia and one of Hoseioccupied the top two ranks.[13]
See alsoEdit
Tokyo has world-class transportation and distribution networks consisting of land, sea, and air
routes. With the ongoing development of Three Ring Roads, a scheduled increase in the number of
international flights at Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport), and increased cooperation
among Tokyo Port, Yokohama Port, and Kawasaki Port, Tokyo's transport infrastructure system will
see significant improvements.