2–6 The following test results were obtained for a wastewater sample taken at the headworks to a

wastewater treatment plant. All of the tests were performed using a sample size of 50 mL.
Determine the concentration of total solids, total volatile solids, total suspended solids, volatile
suspended solids, and dissolved solids for one of the samples (to be selected by instructor) (refer to
the formula given in Problem –5).

Weight, g
Sample number
ITEM 1 2 3 4
Tare mass of evaporating dish 53,5435 53,5434 53,5436 53,5433
Mass of evaporating dish plus 53,5765 53,5693 53,5725 53,5793
residue after evaporation at 105°C
Mass of evaporating dish plus 53,5515 53,5489 53,5495 53,5523
residue after ignition at 550°C

Tare mass of Whatman GF/C filter 1,5433 1,5435 1,5436 1,5434

Mass of Whatman GF/C filter plus 1,5533 1,5521 1,5635 1,5541
residue after drying at 105°C

Mass of Whatman GF/C filter plus 1,5457 1,5455 1,5456 1,5457

residue after ignition at 550°C

Total Solids g/50 ml sample 0,03300 0,02590 0,02890 0,03600

Total Volatil Solids g/50 ml sample 0,02500 0,02040 0,02300 0,02700

Total Suspended Solids g/50 ml sample 0,0100 0,0086 0,0199 0,0107

Suspended Volatil Solids g/50 ml sample 0,0076 0,0066 0,0179 0,0084

Disolved Solids g/50 ml sample 0,023 0,017 0,009 0,025

Sample number
1 2 3 4
Total Solids TS mg/L 660 518 578 720
Total Volatil Solids TSV mg/L 500 408 460 540

Total Suspended Solids TSS mg/L 200 172 398 214

Suspended Volatil Solids mg/L 152 132 358 168
SSV4
Disolved Solids mg/L 460 346 180 506

2–21 In a BOD determination, 6 mL of wastewater are mixed with 294 mL (total volume of BOD
bottle is 300 mL) of diluting water containing 9.1 mg/L of dissolved oxygen. After a 5-d incubation
at 20°C, the dissolved oxygen content of the mixture is 2.8 mg/L. Calculate the BOD of the
wastewater. Assume that the initial dissolved oxygen concentration in the wastewater is zero and
that the following equation applies:
bottle is 300 mL) of diluting water containing 9.1 mg/L of dissolved oxygen. After a 5-d incubation
at 20°C, the dissolved oxygen content of the mixture is 2.8 mg/L. Calculate the BOD of the
wastewater. Assume that the initial dissolved oxygen concentration in the wastewater is zero and
that the following equation applies:

P 6 mL
Vwater 294 mL
D1 9,1 mg/L
D2 2,8 mg/L

BOD 315 mg/L

2–26 The following results for a wastewater sample were determined at 20°C. For a sample (to be
selected by instructor) determine the ultimate carbonaceous oxygen demand, the ultimate
nitrogenous oxygen demand (NOD), the carbonaceous BOD reaction-rate constant (k), and the
nitrogenous NOD reaction-rate constant (kn). Determine k(u 5 1.05) and kn(u 5 1.08) at 25°C.
BOD, mg/L
Sample number

Time, d 1 2 3 4 1*1
0 0,0 0 0 0
2 18,0 30 45 36 324
4 26,0 43 75 58 676
6 30,0 52 95 70 900
8 33,0 58 114 80 1089
10 56,0 60 135 90 3136
12 69,0 90 144 98 4761
14 77,0 104 149 102 5929
16 82,0 114 151 145 6724
18 84,0 120 152 170 7056
20 87,0 125 152 182 7569
25 90,0 135 170 210 8100
30 91,5 142 239 222 8372,25
35 92,5 147 260 233 8556,25
40 93,0 148 268 239 8649
45 94,0 149 271 240 8836
50 94,5 150 272 241 8930,25

k(Ɵ 5 1.05) and kn(Ɵ 5 1.08) at 25°C.

k θ= 1,05
kn θ = 1,08

n Tiempo y y^2 y' yy'

 1 0 0,0 0
2 2 18,0 324 3,2500 58,5000
3 4 26,0 676 1,5000 39,0000
4 6 30,0 900 0,8750 26,2500
5 8 33,0 1089 3,2500 107,2500
6 10 56,0 3136 4,5000 252,0000
7 12 69,0 4761 2,6250 181,1250
8 14 77,0 5929 1,6250 125,1250
9 16 82,0 6724 0,8750 71,7500
10 18 84,0 7056 0,6250 52,5000
11 20 87,0 7569 0,4286 37,2857
12 25 90,0 8100 0,2250 20,2500
13 30 91,5 8372,25 0,1250 11,4375
14 35 92,5 8556,25 0,0750 6,9375
15 40 93,0 8649 0,0750 6,9750
16 45 94,0 8836 0,0750 7,0500
50 94,5 8930,25

Sum 1023,0 80677,5 20,1286 1003,4357

b -0,01856878 3,02824207
a 2,44527707 7,4048909
L 131,687548
k 0,01856878

2-24 If the 5-d 20°C BOD of a wastewater is 185, 200, or 220 mg/L (to be selected by
instructor), what will be the ultimate BOD (UBOD)? What will be the 10-d demand? If
the bottle had been incubated at 15°C and the first order reaction rate constant, k1, is
0.23 d21 (base e), what would the 5-d BOD have been?

𝐿𝑡 = 𝐿 ∗ 1 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡

a) The UBOD at 20 °C will be calculating using the BOD5:

Lt, 5 d and 20 °C 185 mg/L

200 mg/L
220 mg/l
k, 20°C 0,23 1/d

𝐿𝑡 270,72 mg/L
𝐿=
1 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 292,67 mg/L
321,94 mg/L
b) to Calculate the BOD at 10 days with 15 °C:

𝑘1,𝑇 = 𝑘2,𝑇 ∗ 𝜃 (𝑇2−𝑇1) = 0,122

𝐿10 = 𝐿 ∗ 1 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 190,88 mg/L

206,36 mg/L
227,00 mg/L

c) to Calculate the BOD at 5 days with 15 °C:

𝐿5 = 𝐿 ∗ 1 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 123,70 mg/L

133,73 mg/L
147,11 mg/L

5–16 Determine the removal efficiency for a sedimentation basin with a critical velocity Vo of 2
m/h in treating a wastewater containing particles whose settling velocities are distributed as given
in the table below (sample number to be selected by instructor). Plot the particle histogram for the
influent and effluent wastewater.
Vc = 2 m/h

No. Of Particles
Sample
Vavg, m/h 1 2 3
0.0–0.5 10 20 20
0.5–1.0 29 100 40
1.0–1.5 47 130 80
1.5–2.0 65 100 120
2.0–2.5 74 70 100
2.5–3.0 60 45 70
3.0–3.5 28 28 20
3.5–4.0 13 16 10
4.0–4.5 5 7 3

No. of No. of No. of Fraction of

Number of
particles particles particles particles
Vavg, m/h Vp, m/h particles
sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, removed,
removed, 1´
10^-5 10^-5 10^-5 Vp/Vc
0.0–0.5 0,25 10 20 20 0,125 1,25
0.5–1.0 0,75 29 100 40 0,375 10,88
1.0–1.5 1,25 47 130 80 0,625 29,38
1.5–2.0 1,75 65 100 120 0,875 56,88
2.0–2.5 2,25 74 70 100 1,000 74,00
2.5–3.0 2,75 60 45 70 1,000 60,00
3.0–3.5 3,25 28 28 20 1,000 28,00
3.5–4.0 3,75 13 16 10 1,000 13,00
4.0–4.5 4,25 5 7 3 1,000 5,00
331 516 463 278,38
 Number of Number of Number of
Number of Number of
particles particles particles
particles particles
remaning in remaning in remaning in
removed, 2´ removed, 3´
sample 1 sample 2 sample 3
2,50 2,50 8,75 17,50 17,50
37,50 15,00 18,13 62,50 25,00
81,25 50,00 17,63 48,75 30,00
87,50 105,00 8,13 12,50 15,00
70,00 100,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
45,00 70,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
28,00 20,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
16,00 10,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
7,00 3,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
374,75 375,50 52,63 141,25 87,50
 Sample Efficiency
% Remotion 1 84,10%
2 72,63%
3 81,10%

Effluent and Influent Waste Water Sample 1, No. of

Particles
Number of particles remaning in sample 1 No. of particles sample 1, 10^-5

` 74
65
60

47

29 28

18,125 17,625
13
8,75 10 8,125
5
0 0 0 0 0

0.0–0.5 0.5–1.0 1.0–1.5 1.5–2.0 2.0–2.5 2.5–3.0 3.0–3.5 3.5–4.0 4.0–4.5

Effluent and Influent Waste Water Sample 2, No. of

Particles
Number of particles remaning in sample 2 No. of particles sample 2, 10^-5

130

100 100

70
62,50
48,75 45

28
17,5020 16
12,50
7
0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0.0–0.5 0.5–1.0 1.0–1.5 1.5–2.0 2.0–2.5 2.5–3.0 3.0–3.5 3.5–4.0 4.0–4.5

 Effluent and Influent Waste Water Sample 3, No. of
Particles
Number of particles remaning in sample 3 No. of particles sample 3, 10^-5

120

100

80
70

40
30,00
25,00
17,5020 15,00
20
10
0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3

0.0–0.5 0.5–1.0 1.0–1.5 1.5–2.0 2.0–2.5 2.5–3.0 3.0–3.5 3.5–4.0 4.0–4.5

5–19 For a flocculent suspension, determine the removal efficiency for a basin 3 m deep with an
overflow rate Vo equal to 3 m/h using the laboratory settling data presented in the following table.

Percent suspended solids removed at indicated depth, m

Time, min 0.5 1.0 1.5 2 2.5

20 61
30 71 63 55
40 81 72 63 61 57
50 90 81 73 67 63
60 90 80 74 68
70 86 80 75
80 86 81

Vo 3 m/h
H 3 m
t = H/Vc 1,0 h

∆h1 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 ∆h2 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 ∆h3 𝑅3 + 𝑅4 ∆h4 𝑅4 + 𝑅5

%𝑅 = ∗ + ∗ + ∗ + ∗
ℎ5 2 ℎ5 2 ℎ5 2 ℎ5 2
(3,0 − 2,0) 100 + 90 (2,0 − 1,5) 90 + 80 (1,5 − 0,74) 80 + 70
%𝑅 = ∗ + ∗ + ∗
2,5 2 2,5 2 ℎ5 2

%𝑹 = 88,16 The removal % is about 88 %

t = 60
∆h𝟏
∆h𝟐
∆h𝟑
∆h𝟒