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How is the RMS of a square wave determined?

If we have a bipolar square wave of peak = ± Vp then the Urms = Vp or 1/2 of the
peak to peak voltage.
For a monopolar square wave, you are adding a DC offset = Vp , but we have made
the negative peak = 0 and the positive peak 2Vp ,
… then Urms = √2Vp for a p-p value of 2Vp
Vp
… for a a p-p voltage of only Vp then it is half or Urms =
√2

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