FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

COURSE ND: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Pages

ND: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 4

SUBJECT INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

SUBJECT CODE INOR20SX

DATE 28 FEBRUARY 2011

MARKS 65

TIME 150MIN (13:45 to 16h15)

EXAMINER S ADONIS

MODERATOR A SPIES

INSTRUCTIONS

 Read all question carefully before starting.

 Please answer all questions

 Attached is a periodic table

1
Question 1

1.1 Predict, with reason, which will have the higher lattice energy: CaO or KBr? (4)

1.2 Write down the energy associated with each of the following processes during the formation of the
crystalline solid Lithium iodide (LiI). Also state whether the energy is released (+) or

gained (-):

Li(g)  Li+(g) + e-

Li(s)  Li(g)

I2(g)  2I(g)

I(g) + e-  I-(g)

Li+(g) + I-(g)  LiI(s) (10)

1.3 Identify the predominant intermolecular forces between particles of the following substances:

a) H2SO4(g)

b) KBr(aq)

c) CCl4(l)

d) H2O(s) (6)

1.4 Name the four types of solids that exist. (4)

1.5 Compare, stating reasons, conductivity between any two types of solids. (4)

2
1.6 The hydrogen sulphate ion, HSO4-, is a weak conjugate base of sulphuric acid. The ion exists as a
resonance hybrid of two structures.
(a) Draw the Lewis structure for each of the two resonance hybrids. (4)
(b) Assign formal charges to each of the atoms in the two structures drawn in (a). (2)
-
(c) Use your answer in (a), together with the fact that HSO 4 accepts a proton (H+)
during protolysis, to determine which of the two possible structures contributes most
to the resonance structures of the ion. Motivate your answer fully. (2)

1.7 For each of the compounds listed below, use Lewis structures to determine
(a) electron-domain geometry, (b) molecular geometry (c) polarity and (d) mode of hybridization in the
central atom:

1.7.1 I3 (6)
1.7.2 SF5 (6)

Question 2

2.1 More than 300 billion liters of hydrogen gas is produced annually worldwide. Some hydrogen is made
from reacting red-hot coke with steam. The mixture of gases produced is called water gas or synthesis
gas. Water gas was used until about 1950 as a fuel for cooking, heating and lighting. However, it had
some drawbacks, one of which was its toxicity.

(a) Write down the formulas of the gases that constitute water gas and identify the toxic gas. (2)

Nowadays the largest quantity of hydrogen is produced by the catalytic steam reformation of
hydrocarbons (natural gas) at 900 – 1000 C in industrial plants.

(b) Write down the reaction that represents the production of H 2 from methane. (2)

(c) More hydrogen gas can be formed in the so-called water gas shift reaction at
400 – 500 C. Write down the reactants of the shift reaction. (2)

3
2.2 List the four different kinds of hydrides. Give an example of each. (8)

2.3 Give 3 uses of hydrogen (3)

Total = 65