ROLE OF TUTORING IN THE ACADEMIC

ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS AT
SECONDARY LEVEL; TEACHERS
PERCEPTION

SABINA NADEEM
BN663986

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

JUNE-2019

i
 ROLE OF TUTORING IN THE ACADEMIC
ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS AT SECONDARY
LEVEL; TEACHERS PERCEPTION

By
Sabina Nadeem
Roll No.BN663986

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

B.ED 1.5 year program in Teacher Education at Education Department

FACULTY OF EDUCATION
ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UINVERSITY, ISLAMABAD

MAY 2019
©SABINA NADEEM 2019

ii
 APPROVAL FORM

The research project attached here to tilted role of tutoring in the academic

achievement of students at secondary level; teachers perception proposed and

submitted by Sabina Nadeem, Roll No.BN663986 in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of 1.5 year at Rawalpindi is here by accepted.

Supervisor: Syed Abid Shah

Evaluator: Sabina Nadeem

Date: 31-MAY-2019

iii
 Declaration

I Sabina Nadeem Daughter of Muhammad Iqbal Nadeem Roll No.BN663986,

Registration#17PRI11882. A student of B.ED 1.5 at Allama Iqbal open university do

hereby solemnly declare that the research project entitled role of tutoring in the academic

achievement of students at secondary level; teachers perception submitted by me in

partial fulfillment of B.ED. (1.5) program, is my original work, and has not been or

published earlier. I also solemnly declare that it shall not, in future, be submitted by me

for obtaining another degree from this or any other university or institution.

I also understand that if evidence of plagiarism is found in my thesis at any stage

even after the award of a degree the work may be cancelled and the degree revoked.

Date: 31-MAY-2019
Name of the student:
Sabina Nadeem

iv
 Research project submission approval form

Research project entitled role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at

secondary level; teachers perception submitted by Sabina Nadeem Roll No.BN663986,

Registration#17PRI11882 Program of B.ed has been read by me and has been found to be

satisfactory regarding its quality, content, language, format, citation bibliography and

consistency and thus fulfils the qualitative requirement of the study. It is ready for

submission to Allama Iqbal open university for evaluation.

Syed Abid Shah

Name of supervisor

Signature of supervisor

Date: 31-MAY-2019

v
 Abstract

Research showed after schooling, private tutoring plays a critical role in

improving and strengthen academic achievement of students the purpose of the

study was to check the effects of private tuition on the academic achievement of

student at secondary level, teachers perception. It is designed to find out the issues

and problems faced by the tuitions in their schooling role and to explore

importance of private tutors in this regard. Data collected through qualitative

research method for forty participating teachers who teach students at secondary

level in school. A questionnaire was designed, filled by the teachers was collected

and tabulated on the bases of suggestions given by them. The result showed that

due to illiteracy of the parent’s private tuition is opted the students who receives

private tuitions get good grades and showed mastery over the subjects in which

they lack before.

vi
 Table of Contents

CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION................................................................................ viii

1.1 Significance of Study.........................................................................................3
1.2 Statement of the problem ...................................................................................4
1.3 Objectives of study ............................................................................................4
1.4 Research Questions: ..........................................................................................5
1.5 Research methodology: .....................................................................................5
CHAPTER 02 LITRETURE REVIEW ............................................................................7
2.1. Tutoring: ...............................................................................................................8
2.2 Background of tutoring: .........................................................................................9
2.3 Reasons of private tuition: .................................................................................... 10
2.4 Benefits of Tutoring: ............................................................................................ 12
2.6 Disadvantages of tutoring ..................................................................................... 17
2.7 Effects of private tutoring on academic achievement of students .......................... 18
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .............................................................. 23
3.1 Research Design ................................................................................................... 23
3.2 Population ............................................................................................................ 23
3.3 Sample ................................................................................................................. 23
3.4 Tools of Research ................................................................................................. 23
3.5 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 24
CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 25
CHAPTER 5 Summary, Findings, Conclusion And Recommendations.......................... 33
5.1 Summary: ............................................................................................................. 33
5.2 Findings: .............................................................................................................. 34
5.3 Conclusion: .......................................................................................................... 36
5.4 Recommendation: ................................................................................................ 36
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... 38

vii
 List of tables
Table 4. 1 Yours student go for tuition ........................................................................... 25

Table 4. 2 Your students get any benefit from attending tuition ..................................... 25

Table 4. 3 You see any improvement in student’s progress ............................................ 26

Table 4. 4 Mostly nil students go for tuitions ................................................................. 26

Table 4. 5 Tutorial session is for one or more than one subject ....................................... 27

Table 4. 6 Is there any improvement in nil students after taking tuition .......................... 27

Table 4. 7 Private tuition is opted as a result of secondary education burden .................. 28

Table 4. 8 Family status of students taking tuition session.............................................. 28

Table 4. 9Majority students take tuitions for which subjects .......................................... 29

Table 4. 10 Do the parents think that the private tuition results in the betterment of

student’s academic......................................................................................................... 29

Table 4. 11 Do you teach private tuition ........................................................................ 30

Table 4. 12 What is the percentage of students taking private tuitions ............................ 30

Table 4. 13 Which category of student comes for tuition ................................................ 31

Table 4. 14 Do the parents think that the private tuition results in the betterment of

student’s academic......................................................................................................... 31

Table 4. 15 Do illiteracy makes it harder for parent to support their children.................. 32

viii
 1

CHAPTER 01

INTRODUCTION

Private tutoring, a phenomenon, which is practiced around the world. Besides

education being given at school, a number of students go to tuitions to study the same

lessons. It is possible to provide this tutoring to a single student or to a number of

students or even in groups. Private tutoring can be attended for a number of reasons like

to avoid tensions, to study more attentively. But major reason for private tutoring at the

end of secondary school is to improve academic performance at school or in high-stakes

exams. (Bray, 2009)

Most parents in Pakistan provide their children with tuition facilities to improve

their academic performance. They are a few reasons due to which parents arrange tuition

like Illiteracy, shortage of time or need of improving the economic position. So they get

back to home late. Parents spent a lot of money to educate their children but activities at

academy cannot be fulfilled. Involvement of parents increases the achievement in

educational level of their children. Selection of tutors by parents is practiced to address

academic shortcomings and increase their children’s academic abilities.

To this end, tutors are selected for teaching at home and trend of tuition gradually shifted

as a historical convention instead of an academic requirement. (Atta,etal.2011).

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Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Tuition at home is an important factor for children to gain success in education.

Secondary level of education is a stage where, guidance for students in competition with

other students is much needed to be admitted to most reputable institutions. Furthermore,

it is necessary to assist the students in properly doing their homework that the teachers

assign to them. In addition, continuous supervision and proper guidance from parents is

required at secondary school level as subjects are tough and lengthy. For such problems

the best way is to go for private tutoring. It is therefore necessary to provide home tuition

facilities for those kids whose parents don’t take part in their activities at academy.

Moreover, there is much private tuition available in rural and urban areas and around

world as well. These centers and academies provide support in all subject areas for

teaching and guidance. But tutoring at home most successful and effective because

students are assembled in large groups for tutoring purposes in teaching academies and

therefore ignorance in attention for individual. (Atta, et al., 2011).

In Pakistan, nowadays, private tutoring or home tutoring trends are seen

commonly in urban or rural areas, particularly for mathematics, as this subject is tough

than other subjects. This trend in majorly due to the poor performance of teachers, lesser

number of institutional math tutors, extraordinary student involvement in extra-curricular

activities. That is why most guardians select private tutoring for their kids, especially in

urban areas, to keep them busy, for excellence in their performance in studies and

achievement of their goals.

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Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

A clear difference is found among tuition and non tuition group of student’s

achievement. Students who take lower grades specially in science subjects can improve

their results by taking private tuitions. To overcome the weaknesses in dull student’s

private tuition marks an impression that increases their knowledge and deficiencies in

education. (Gafoor & Sunnummel, 2007)

The phenomena of private tuition were considered negative in terms of sharing

with the other class mates and teachers with a fear of being called as weak student. The

truth is that majority of students take private tuitions for a better understanding of the

contents being taught in class and then achievement of good grades in school. But now a

days it is considered as a basic necessity in life of middle class people whether urban or

rural. If private tuition is provided to weak students who are unable to afford fee it is very

effective among such learners giving significant results. (Arora, 2002).

Do not keep the schedule of the students very much busy in studies that they

cannot manage time for their outdoor activities like playing games, social interactions etc.

paying so much attention at tuition time may create other problems among students with

their class mates and teachers in school like they pay less attention during school time as

they already cover topics in their tuition time. (Kenny & Faunce, 2004).

1.1 Significance of Study

Private tutoring has its own importance around the globe. In Pakistan, which is a

developing country, private tutoring plays a major role in promoting education.

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Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Due to illiteracy or busy scheduled of parents, private tutoring is getting more

attention. So by keeping in view the importance of private tutoring the research is

proposed to find out the impact of private tuition on the performance of students of

Pakistani and to evaluate teachers review about private tuition attendees.

1.2 Statement of the problem

In our educational system private tutoring is playing major role. Thus parent’s

interest is increasing towards private tutoring day by day. So now there is need to check

its impact on the achievement of the students who attend it. This research was designed to

“the role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;

Teacher’s perceptions”

1.3 Objectives of study

Following are the objectives for study:

1. To assess private tutoring effect on the excellence in academic career of students at

secondary level.

2. To check whether tutoring contributes in upbringing of a positive result among

students.

3. To find out the teachers perception regarding students who go for private tutoring.
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Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

1.4 Research Questions:

1. How to assess private tutoring effect on the excellence in academic career of

students at secondary level?

2. How to check whether tutoring contributes in upbringing of a positive result

among students.

3. How tofind out the teachers perception regarding students who go for private

tutoring.

1.5 Research methodology:

Keeping in view the grounds of study, survey method was selected and

comprehensive questionnaires were distributed to teachers of selected private institutions.

The questionnaires were for the teachers who are providing education from these private

institutions.

1.5.1 Population under Study

The population of the study constitutes all the teachers of private

secondary level school in Rawalpindi, (Pakistan).

1.5.2 Sampling Technique and sample

Teachers of “The Quality School” was considered as a sample and

technique used was random sampling technique.

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Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

1.5.3 Delimitations of Study

This study was delimited to the teachers of the quality school particularly

of 8th to 10th class teachers.

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Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

CHAPTER 02

LITRETURE REVIEW

Man or woman difference cannot be disregarded at any degree of human getting

to know. Therefore, teachers ought to layout studying sports that can better deal with the

person needs of college students. Some want-based totally studying sports are dialogue,

institution paintings, personal lessons, mentoring and peer tutoring. These techniques are

generally adapted to enhance students’ getting to know. (Das, 2013)

In so many countries the system of education is becoming very fierce,

competitive, and difficult and challenging for students, especially in 21st century.

Because the industrial production economy has shifted over the past several decades to a

service economy based on information, knowledge and innovation. Any nation’s

economic success is relay on the Effective use of incorporeal assets that are

also contemplate to be key competitive advantage resources such as knowledge, skills

and innovative potential. It demands the student to focus on their studies more and more

and take part effectively in educational subjects because the value of education demands

this. Students should have a grip on mollify knowledge to address the provocation of the

educational world in order to take good positions and seats through the process of

admission to schools, colleges and universities in the country and abroad. It is necessary

to get admission in good schools, colleges, and in universities and get good jobs after

completing education. For achieving these things one should know the proper technical

and professional knowledge, because no one hires those students who don’t have the

proper knowledge about their field. To gain this proper education, students should
 8
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

become a knowledgeable and skillful person, it is very important to focus on studies at

educational institutions and if require to go for further help, any family member such as

parents, grandparents, uncle, aunt, brother and sister, etc may take it home. If their help is

not good enough, then one should go for private tutoring classes or join any academy or

tuition centers for the betterment of studies. ( Dang, 2007)

So many students in most countries are not only attending the mainstream

education system but also go for private tuition session. Private tutoring can best be

characterized by its strong connection to mainstream schooling as examined in this

special issue. It focuses on educational subjects already taught in school to enhance the

academic performance of students. (Irfan S & Kee D. 2013)

2.1. Tutoring:

A process in which, a well educated and trained person, in an effective, well

ordered, and disciplined environment, helps a person to gain knowledge and learning is

known as tutoring. People who are not professional teachers, but makes others learning

easy, efficient, step by step, and effective can be called as tutors. It is usually performed

face to face. These tutors may belong to family; out of the family; other age fellow’s

learners and a lot of willing people. Tutors often learn to make learning easy for others.

Tutoring is a function to guide and make learning easy for other learners. Tutors help and

make things smooth for students so they can perform on their own to become self-

supporting learners.
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Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

The purpose of tutoring is to increase a student's learning in or outside the

classroom. For individuals or small groups, a tutor facilitates learning. Learners look up

to their tutors as they believe that these tutors have a lot of knowledge and will help them

to gain it. It is expected that they will help learners, clarify concepts using various

techniques and strategies. (Topping, 2000)

Tutors do not need the ability or content they teach to be' experts.' But if they

know a little more than their tutees, it's generally better. However, if tutors knows a lot

than their tutees, they are expected to get bored with the knowledge that the tutee have to

learn, and they won't receive more. Usually kids who are shy take benefit through

tutoring effectively as they never hesitate in keeping their views in front of other

classmates. Tutoring gives specific instruction, makes others to choose their own learning

methods, and provide a surrounding in which learners, and learns according to their will

and get appreciation views, and motivation from their tutors. This process gives more

time, and students see more explanation and concepts rather than just memorizing words.

(Gall and hicks , 1964)

2.2 Background of tutoring:

Tutoring is an old practice. It was practiced in ancient text and later on was

common in Ancient Greece and Rome. It has gone and showed time to time over the

centuries, but never vanished. Private tutoring is not as novelty. In one classroom school

has different type of education but not so much as compared to the time when only one

teacher use to teach all the students of a city without discrimination of their age. This was
 10
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

done with the help of the other students, as older student taught younger student so that

teacher would not be burdened, and this was called cross age tutoring. (Ismail , 2010)

A teacher is a private tutor who teaches a single student or bunches some subjects.

This process helps student to learn fast and more as compared to his classroom. The

student himself or some other connected people pay for this tuition. These tutors may be

assigned for normal students or extra ordinary students to polish their skills and make

them better.

Purpose of this tutoring is to get the goal of the student in any specific subject.

The teacher can also be silent and comes up only when student needs help. In whole

country, especially in urban areas home tuitions are becoming popular rapidly. As

kidnapping is also common in that area so parents want their kids to be taught at home.

Other than that, different tuition centers and academies are also opened around the

country. They are very helpful in learning process and make students to get good grades.

But as compared to them home tuitions are consider better. Home tutoring is a type of

home based tutoring. (Goodlad and Hirst, 1989)

2.3 Reasons of private tuition:

2.3.1 Demand:

The basic reason of increasing demand of private tuition is due to demand of

higher studies and graduation .student and parents are bound to go in search of private

tuitions as they have to compete the others in race of getting good jobs. This is

particularly true for the middle-class as do not have family business and need jobs to
 11
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

have good livings they are helped by the private tuitions and it also increase the demand

of tuitions too. In other words they both are helping each other one and another way.

2.3.2 Confidence:

Private tuition also make student confident as he or she believes that they do

something on their own. They become confident and rely on their selves this makes them

learn more. Tutoring make them able to work at a comfortable pace and learn. As school

teachers are fighting to get time to work with every single student during lessons,

classrooms can be unproductive environments for some kids and young people. So the

student find it difficult to focus even if teacher is doing best.

So the private tutoring supports such students and helps them to focus on

classroom as well as their own learning. Having a tutor to evaluate and support every

single student helps them to focus more on studies, knowledge. Private tuition starts a

good trend and many families consider their child education important.

2.3.3 Hesitation:

In some students, there is a constant fear of being called as stupid boy or girl in

front of the whole class which makes them to hesitate in asking questions from teachers

in order to clear their doubts or sometimes students are naturally shy and speak less.

In such kind of cases, private tutor is the best option who is available to the

students in their comfort zone called as home and they have face to face discussion with

them without any fear of felling guilty in front of the whole class. (Memon, G. R. 2007)

The position of the private tutor:

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Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

• To offer a good and comfortable atmosphere for the pupil.

• To act as a liaison between the pupil and route leaders to searching for any

enhancements required.

• To offer directions, guidance, assistance and counseling to control the problems

of student.

• To help student in difficult subjects and solve his problems regarding studies

and also bring confidence in his personality.

• To work with students to study and reflect upon their very own progress and if

vital on approaches to enhance it.

• To help them in taking part in supportive education events.

2.4 Benefits of Tutoring:

Private tutoring is getting more attention because it helps students in getting good

grades in education, which is hardly ever stunning as it is especially tremendous in

enhancing now not only a student’s tutorial grades, but additionally their realistic

appreciation of vast of subjects. There are many reasons why receiving tuition can have

such a fine have an effect on a student’s abilities.

According to Stevenson (2010), following are the benefits of private tutoring:

Compared to regular classroom activities, students get more attention. It increases

the results. Student’s class performance gets better with home tutoring. It makes student

comfortable with the classroom teacher as his use to interact with his tutor. This allows

students to find the answer from their tutor for each and every question. It also shows that

parents are taking interest in their child’s education. Every children act different in
 13
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

classroom according to their nature, some students have ability to learn at their own and

some needs to be taught by giving extra attention. So home tuitions become need in order

to make that possible. A good student requires it so that he can maintain his grades or

even gets better, and it is important for the normal student to keep going in this race. It is

beneficial for students as well as their parents.

Brilliant student needs private home tuition to compete with others, while it is needed by

weak students. Some of them are as follows:

1. Private tuition at home causes extra attention. Teachers are unable to pay

individual attention to each student in the traditional classroom system. The teachers pay

particular attention to the students in private home tuition.

2. Private home tuition enhances students ' learning styles. Private home tuition

helps students build trust, so they can speed up their learning process. That's why private

home tuition can rightly be said to be very important and crucial for students to explore

the most effective and useful learning styles.

3. Private home tuition enhances students ' academic performance. Sometimes

students experience difficulty in some tough subjects, but they can focus more attention

on those difficult subjects due to private home tuition. It is recommended that students

take full advantage of their performance and try different exercises.

4. Private tuition at home causes an individual relationship. Students can share their

views and thoughts and difficulties with their teacher in private home tuition, and they

feel closer and inform them about the weaker subjects that are not possible in regular
 14
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

classroom sessions. Private home tuition opens every channel of communication to

teachers and students in which they participate and eliminates problems.

5. Private household tuition involves parents. Parents can keep track of their

children's performance in private home tuition; they can also engage with teachers to

observe their children's progress. The parents are well informed about every activity of

their child through private home tuition.

Currently no good composed aspect of theoretical model of how this help the students

is made so this important question is deal in that way that how much it helps in progress

of student. School off provides students with learning opportunities rely on the lesson.

Other than that during the time in which student learn, the students use these learning

opportunities which lead to learn lessons of school and normal routine too. Learning

activities of the students depend on how much they are capable of learning. Family also

plays an important part in learning as they are responsible for the tutor. In Pakistan tutors

are more educated then the proper teachers in school and they teach between one and five

students. They are also concern about the competition with the school teacher and other

tutors. Hopes of parents are also very high so tutors have to make proper objectives in

order to get his goals. (Guill, 2010)

When he sets this, the tutors make proper method step by step to make it

effective. He also gives extra time to student. It is easy for the tutor as compared to the

school teacher because the teacher in school have more than twenty students to teach at

the same time. Whereas tutor have advantage as he or she can easily take every single’s

students review and make learning easy for them. (Mischo& Kessel, 2005)
 15
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

In this way tutors performs better then the teacher and gain that learning goals.But

if students don’t want to take tutoring and parents force them to do so this may affect

their learning. Also, ii depends on the relationship of student and tutor. Another problem

is lack of interest, students may get bore in classroom as they already know the lesson

and will not be able to give proper attention. Or contrary to those students finds his or her

school teacher more interesting and get bore in tuition. (Bray, 2009; Kenny & Faunce,

2004)

Some of the other major benefits are:

Customized teaching: One of the private tutor's greatest advantages is that lessons

can be easily tailored to suit every student. While a student may be at a disadvantage in

school, if they work at a different pace to the rest of the class, for example, if they lack

command over a specific subject, private tutor largely overlooks these issues. It is

beneficial for learners as a teacher can make up a lesson plan, focus, and aims depending

on student's needs and skills, thus maximizing learning efficiency. For any student with

learning disorders, such as dyslexia or dyspraxia, this is a particularly important point to

note.

Choice of the teacher is completely yours: Students will learn freely, a teacher

who suits them will communicate well. Every teacher is different in terms of

temperament and style of teaching. Unlike school, where students usually have very little,

if any, choice as to whom their teachers are, choosing a private tutor allows students or

their parents to choose a tutor with whom they feel comfortable. Given that such a wide

range of tutors are available, each with its own strengths, specialties and learning styles, a
 16
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

tutor is bound to be well suited to each and every student. It can really make a big

difference for the learner to find the right tutor, who can engage and

inspire.(Kang, 2007 ; Smyth, 2008)

Private tutor help in increasing the confidence level in a student: Since private

tutors are face to face and give more attention to a single student at a time than in a larger

class would otherwise be possible. The impact this can have on a student is insightful, as

teachers will be able to get to know their students better, making it easier to detect and

assist potential problems. As they are under less pressure from their peers, being in a

learning environment with fewer people can also help them to express themselves for shy

students.

A private tutor can also help student complete his homework and prepare him for

a class test as well this is a fact that no student likes to do homework because they say

they study in school enough that they no longer need to study at home. A tutor keeps his

student more focused with a lot of interest in his homework and as a result student gets

more efficient learning. In terms of test preparation, tutors can be particularly effective.

The advice and support provided by teachers includes revision and improves the

knowledge of their students.

Meanwhile, theoretical and empirical research is still in the early stages as to why

and how private tutoring affects academic achievement in the mainstream education

system. So far, there is no established knowledge of which private tutoring settings work

in which educational system or which students particularly benefit from private tutoring

lessons. In addition, it would be valuable to know more about the impact of tutoring for
 17
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

motivating the learners and self-regulated learning independent of private tutoring.

Although this particular issue will not answer all of these questions, it is yet another step

towards improving our knowledge of private tutoring effects.

(Ireson & Rushforth, 2005 ; Kenny & Faunce, 2004 ; Stevenson & Baker, 1992)

2.6 Disadvantages of tutoring

2.6.1 Additional expenditure on education:

Nowadays, the education is getting expensive with every new academic cycle,

and if a student who are not so good in studies and want some help in form of private

tuition adds more in the expense. All families are not able to fulfill these expenses. But,

as they want their child to be good at studies so they make their sleeves able to pay all.

Moreover, in some schools teachers also provides home tuition and parents think it will

help their child and they sent them to the school teacher for tuition. It is not helpful as

teacher may not pay full attention to student in classroom.

2.6.2 Extra homework burden on students:

Private tuitions also burdened the student by making him do all the things so he

can perform better. Students also gets so much homework from school, so this extra

homework make them tired and they feel burdened.

2.6.3Different from school academic structure:

Coaching institutes follow a personalized study pattern for each student and

schools follow a generic pattern for each batch of each class. This leaves students in a

dilemma as they have to keep up with school studies as well as coaching classes learning.
 18
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

2.6.4 Developing stress in students due to competition:

Private tuitions wants student to get good marks in exams so they prepare them

only for the exams and to compete with other students. For board exams, admissions

tests, and competitive exams students are prepared along with hundreds of students and

they are made to compete among themselves to analyze their preparation level. This can

make student nervous and stress full.

2.6.5 One coaching institute is not suitable for students from different schools:

Every private tuition has different methods of teaching and when student from

different schools gather there, these different methods may confuse some of them. All

students are different from one another but when they taught by the same method some of

them don’t get the concept, this may lead to more complications as well. (Bray & Mark

1999)

2.7 Effects of private tutoring on academic achievement of students at

secondary level

There are numerous ways of conceptualizing and operationalizing the betterment

of academic achievement after closer investigation. This section will tells us more about

the tutoring by elaborating it in five points.

We can take the parents and students behavior first; second criterion is whether

tuition is making any good in progress of student. Students and parents should know

whether tuition is fulfilling its purpose or not. They can easily know it by taking look at

the marks of the student in class. Then they have to decide it whether tuition is solely

responsible of this betterment or other factors like student personal efforts and hard work,
 19
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

or teachers role is also there. It is may be difficult for the parents to decide as they are not

present in classrooms neither tutoring time so they can only judge it by the report card of

the student. However, student and parents can tell about the efficiency of the tutor to

some extent.

Third, improving the school marks of the students is a good way to know the

efficiency of the tutor as it plays very important role in educational career. Tutor can

make these marks better by adopting different methods of teaching. It requires the efforts

of the tutor as well as the interest of the student as both are responsible for the results by

doing their jobs properly, both can make it better. Furthermore, private tutoring could

also improve the marks of the students by focusing on the nearby test coming.

Quality of education of students studying in secondary schools or getting their

higher education, private tutor plays an important role as he or she help students in

improving their grades and polishes their skills which makes their school teacher to

notice them. (Guill&Bonsen, 2010)

A fourth indicator of private tutoring effectiveness is the results of final exams in

school and entry tests conducting in universities as majority of the students join tutoring

classes for these tests and there results are not more dependent on their teachers..

Nevertheless, tutors can focus more on how to attempt the test and on improving the

skills needed to pass the exam. They give positive as well as

negative effects of private tutoring on the relevant examinations.

 20
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Finally, as fifth criteria is to know that whether tutoring increase the knowledge

and understanding of the student or only make him capable of passing the test. It can be

know by judging the student as he is only good in grades or have understanding of the

concepts too. And how he behaves with others. Again, there are different methods to

know how to improve academic achievement regarding the effectiveness of private

tutoring. These range from rather neutral to positive statistical effects of private test

performance tutoring as well as mixed effects or missing.

(Hamid, Susses, & Khan, 2009)

In summary by taking parents and students view it has been seen that tutoring has

good impact on learning of students. It enhances student’s grades, performance in class,

and sense of competition and gives good results.

Therefore, it is a query that how it can be proved , when in a constant cultural and

educational setting the effect of private tutoring on different criteria is investigated within

the same sample., our different research questions have focus on the effects of tuition in

different criteria related to result and the relationship between the results on those criteria.

Tuition or coaching plays an important role in life of students as they provide

them with extra information and help regarding their issues in subjects and problems

they face due to which they lack a good understanding, a tutor fills all these gaps and

plays a key role in improving the grades in examination. The nature of job depends on the

person because sometimes the post is paid and unpaid as well. It depends on the condition

and concern of tutor with students or the centers. Many organizations are being run
 21
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

freely. On the other hand it is a source of income as well for many tutors like they teach

students and try their best to improve the status of students in studies.(Foondun, 2002).

In reality it is seen through a different perspective, parents pay a huge amount of

fee to the tutors so that their children can study more efficiently and get full attention by

the tutor. This side of private tutoring needs a good amount of energy and considered a

difficult task and needs many attempts as to train students for getting a complete

command over a particular subject or subjects. In order to get good grades in their exams

it is a best way for preparation and it shows an excellence in their achievements as well.

Contrary to this home tutoring is schooling at home with a face to face interaction

between teacher and a single student, he or she can ask as many questions without a fear

of being laughed at by other students which are otherwise present in class. Tutor can

easily try his best to improve the weak areas of student and provide proper guidance.

Learning at home makes it easy for parents as well to keep an eye on their children and to

see the progress. Parents can discuss the daily work with the tutor on daily bases which

are a plus point of private tutoring and prove to be an effective method of teaching. One

of the constraint of this tutoring is that the competition between the students diminishes

and hence no motivation by fellow friends for more learning.

Tuition centre’s are build up with proper facilities like board, chairs for teachers

and students and other related things which are needed for a good learning process. Study

takes place period wise like teachers are managed in order of their specialization in

relevant subjects with complete skills in the particular field for providing effective

lectures among learners. Students in case of having any problem can directly consult the
 22
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

relevant teacher and clears their concepts. Coaching centres is a good platform given to

students for those who want to study in groups by discussing and sharing their problems

and helping their fellows. If the coaching centre’s are overcrowded and a single student

cant get proper attention from the tutor can be a problem for the parents who send their

children to have effective learning, parents cant keep a check over the report of their

children and their status of improving. Tutors cover the whole syllabus faster that affects

weak students to cover all the topics in short period of time.

 23
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter parameter under study population, research design, samples,

research tools, data analysis and statistical analysis are described.

3.1 Research Design

By keeping in mind the importance of this study survey method was chosen and a

comprehensive questionnaire was distributed among the teachers of selected private

institution.

3.2 Population

The population studied was comprised of the:

Teachers of private educational institutions in Rawalpindi.

3.3 Sample

For analysis of the population which was larger in number simple sampling

technique was used.

Teachers of the private institution were chosen as the sample of study. The private

institute selected was of Rawalpindi region of Pakistan. 40 teachers from the Quality

school were selected for the study.

3.4 Tools of Research

Quantitative data was collected with the help of following tools: Questionnaire
 24
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

3.5 Methodology

Questionnaires were provided to the teachers of The Quality School which is in

Rawalpindi City. Time limit of 2 days was given to teachers for questionnaires.

3.6 Data Analysis

After complete collection of raw data, data analysis was performed. Data was

collected through the questionnaires so the researcher analyzed it through the percentage

formula. Finally mean of all the answers from questionnaires were concluded. Data was

tabulated then interpreted for results. Suggestions and future recommendations were also

formulated for the betterment in student’s academic achievement through private

tutoring.
 Causes of Increasing Parent’s Attitude for Preferring Private Educational Institution forTheirChildren 24
25
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS

Presentation and Analysis of Teacher’s Questionnaire Data

Table 4. 1
Yours student go for tuition?

Level YES NO

Frequency 48 17

Percentage 64 23

The result showed that only 64% of the students go for private tutoring as an

option to make some improvement in their academic career while 23% students do

not go for tutoring.

Table 4. 2
Your students get any benefit from attending tuition?

Level Yes No Sometimes

Frequency 41 31 3

Percentage 55 41 4

55% of teachers indicated that students get benefit from this whereas 41% lacks

in getting any benefit after tuition and only 4% of teachers think that sometimes students

get benefit.
 26
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Table 4. 3
You see any improvement in student’s progress?

Level Yes No Sometimes

Frequency 48 22 5

Percentage 64 29 7

64% of the teachers agreed for improvement in student’s progress and 29% of

teachers disagreed while 7% of improvement was seen sometimes. Result showed that

majority of the students show good performance after attending private tuition.

Table 4. 4
Mostly nil students go for tuitions?

Level Strongly agree Agree Disagree

Frequency 22 48 5

Percentage 29 64 7

29% teachers have strongly agreed while 64% teachers have agreed to this

statement and only 7% have disagreed.

 27
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Table 4. 5
Tutorial session is for one or more than one subject?

Level Single subject Multiple subjects

Frequency 53 22

Percentage 71 29

71% teachers agreed for taking private tutorial session for only one subject while

29 % said that students take tuition for multiple subjects which mean that students

mostly lack command over specific subjects.

Table 4. 6
Is there any improvement in nil students after taking tuition?

Level YES NO SOMETIMES

Frequency 45 9 21

Percentage 60 12 28

60% of teachers said yes for seeing improvement in nil students after taking

tuition and 12% of teachers said no while 28% have agreed over the option of

sometimes.
 28
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Table 4. 7
Private tuition is opted as a result of secondary education burden?

Level Yes No To Some extent

Frequency 34 29 12

Percentage 45 39 16

45% of the teachers are doing favor of the statement and 39% of teachers said no

while 16% teachers said to some extent.

Table 4. 8
Family status of students taking tuition session?

Level RICH MIDDLE POOR

Frequency 35 19 21

Percentage 47 25 28

47% of the teachers have selected rich category of parents whose children takes

tuition while 25% are middle class and only 28% poor families send their children to

take tuition.
 29
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Table 4. 9
Majority students take tuitions for which subjects

Level Science subjects Arts subject All subjects

Frequency 45 20 10

Percentage 60 27 13

60% of teachers have said that tutorial session is mostly taken by students for

science subjects, 27% arts while only 13% go to tuition for all subjects.

Table 4. 10
Do the parents think that the private tuition results in the betterment of

student’s academic?

Level Yes No To some Extent

Frequency 56 6 13

Percentage 75 8 17

Table shows that the 75% of the parents have agreed to this while 17% of the

parents said to some extent and 8%of the parents completely disagreed for any

betterment in the performance of children.

 30
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Table 4. 11
Do you teach private tuition?

Level Yes No

Frequency 41 5

Percentage 54 7

54% of teachers teach private tuition and 7% of the teachers don’t teach

private tuition.

Table 4. 12
What is the percentage of students taking private tuitions?

Level 25% 50% 75%

Frequency 9 41 25

Percentage 12 55 33

12% of the teachers have agreed for 25% students while 55% teachers have said

50% take tuitions from them and only 33% of teachers said 75% students take

tutoring sessions.
 31
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Table 4. 13
Which category of student comes for tuition?

Level INTELLEGENT AVERAGE NIL

Frequency 24 38 13

Percentage 32 41 26

32% of the students going for tuition fall in the intelligent category. 41% are

average in their studies while 26% of students are nil which make them to go for

tutoring session.

Table 4. 14
Do the parents think that the private tuition results in the betterment of

student’s academic?

Level Strongly agree Agree Uncertain Disagree Strongly Disagree

Frequency 28 32 8 7 0

Percentage 37 43 11 9 0

37% of the teachers strongly agreed while 32% just agreed to the statement. 11%

are uncertain about the betterment, 9% of teachers disagreed with this.

 32
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Table 4. 15
Do illiteracy makes it harder for parent to support their children?

Level Strongly agree Agree Uncertain Disagree Strongly Disagree

Frequency 36 34 5 0 0

Percentage 48 45 7 0 0

48% of teachers strongly agreed and 45% just agreed to the statement while 7%

are uncertain about illiteracy as a factor being faced by the parents for supporting their

children.
 33
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary:

The research on the “Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at

secondary level; teacher’s perception ” is aimed at to figure out the problems of the

children in their academic achievement and the role of private tutors as helping hand in

improving their performance and showing excellence by getting good grades in

examination. In order to find out the issues behind the increasing trends of private

tutoring day by day and its impact upon students, a private institution namely: The

Quality School Misrial road Rawalpindi Pakistan was selected randomly. A questionnaire

was distributed among the forty teachers, who are teaching the secondary level students,

designed to carry out the research study. To find out the reasons behind private tutoring

questionnaire was given to teachers in order to have their views and to compile the

answers accordingly.

After knowing teacher’s opinion and their views regarding role of private tutoring in

academic achievement of students the data was tabulated and converted into percentages

with presentation for each question asked in the questionnaire. This enable the researcher

to have a crystal clear idea regarding the study on the issues, realities and reasons

identified during this whole study the researcher finally made further finding
 34
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

5.2 Findings:

1. The result showed that only 64% of the students go for private tutoring as an

option to make some improvement in their academic career while 23%

students do not go for tutoring.

2. 55% of teachers indicated that students get benefit from this whereas 41%

lacks in getting any benefit after tuition and only 4% of teachers think that

sometimes students get benefit.

3. 64% of the teachers agreed for improvement in student’s progress and 29% of

teachers disagreed while 7% of improvement was seen sometimes. Result

showed that majority of the students show good performance after attending

private tuition.

4. 29% teachers have strongly agreed while 64% teachers have agreed to this

statement and only 7% have disagreed.

5. 71% teachers agreed for taking private tutorial session for only one subject

while 29 % said that students take tuition for multiple subjects which mean

that students mostly lack command over specific subjects.

6. 60% of teachers said yes for seeing improvement in nil students after taking

tuition and 12% of teachers said no while 28% have agreed over the option of

sometimes.

7. 45% of the teachers are doing favor of the statement and 39% of teachers said

no while 16% teachers said to some extent.

8. 47% of the teachers have selected rich category of parents whose children
 35
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

takes tuition while 25% are middle class and only 28% poor families send

their children to take tuition.

9. 60% of teachers have said that tutorial session is mostly taken by students for

science subjects, 27% arts while only 13% go to tuition for all subjects.

10. Table shows that the 75% of the parents have agreed to this while 17% of the

parents said to some extent and 8%of the parents completely disagreed for any

betterment in the performance of children.

11. 54% of teachers teach private tuition and 7% of the teachers don’t teach

private tuition.

12. 12% of the teachers have agreed for 25% students while 55% teachers have

said 50% take tuitions from them and only 33% of teachers said 75% students

take tutoring sessions.

13. 32% of the students going for tuition fall in the intelligent category. 41% are

average in their studies while 26% of students are nil which make them to go

for tutoring session.

14. 37% of the teachers strongly agreed while 32% just agreed to the statement.

11% are uncertain about the betterment, 9% of teachers disagreed with this.

15. 48% of teachers strongly agreed and 45% just agreed to the statement while 7%

are uncertain about illiteracy as a factor being faced by the parents for supporting

their children.
 36
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

5.3 Conclusion:

The research showed that the students need private tutoring to show improvement

in their academic career. Tutoring seems to play an important role in life of students.

Students give more attention to a particular subject than normal school studies and in this

way it dominates the schooling. Students have an issue that teachers lack in supporting

them and providing them examination skills while tutors proves to be a helping hand,

eases their learning problems and facilitates them for exams preparation. In this way

tutors play a role as gap fillers of schooling. Teacher’s burden is reduced by tutors as

students find it more convenient in asking tutors to clarify their concepts rather than

teachers.

Private tuition plays a fruitful role in increasing the achievement of students at

secondary level. There are positive results of private tuition on students of secondary

level. In addition it also increases the motivational level of students.

5.4 Recommendation:

1. As private tutoring results in the betterment of academic level of students at

secondary level therefore future directions related to this research is

recommended as under:

2. The role of private tutors to assist students in learning phase which is not only

beneficial for tutees but for teachers as well.

3. Like teachers perception, student perception regarding tuition can be performed.

4. Similarly parent’s perception about tutoring can be another aspect to work on.
 37
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

5. It is recommended to carry out the same study at primary and higher educational

level.

6. It is also recommended to perform the survey subject wise.

7. The status of the private tutoring in other cities of Pakistan is also recommended.

8. The number of government students taking private tuitions can be another future

aspect.

9. Improvement in student’s academic achievement through the role of coaching

centers.

10. It is recommended to find out the reasons why private tutoring trend is increasing

day by day.

11. Comparison of students who take private tuitions and who do not can also studied

in near future.
 38
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Arrora, G.L (2003). Private Tuition why not? Edutracks, 2, 6-8.

 Atta, M. A, Jamil, A, Rehman, J., Ayaz, M., Saeed, A. & Shah, M. A. (2011).

Effects of Private home tuition on Educational Attainments of Students at

Secondary School Level. World Applied Sciences Journal, 13(6): 1486-1491.

 Bray, Mark. (1999) “The shadow education system: private tutoring and its

implication for planners”. International Institute for Educational Planning series:

Fundamentals of Educational Planning- 61. Paris: UNESCO

 Bray, M. (1999). The shadow education system: Private tutoring and its

implications for planners. Paris, France: UNESCO International Institute for

Educational Planning (IIEP).

 Dang, H.-A. (2007). The determinants and impact of private tutoring classes in

Vietnam. Economics of Education Review, 26, 683–698.

 Das, G. C., & Das, D. R. (2013). An Empirical View on Private Tutoring in School

Mathematics of Kamrup District. International Journal of Scientific and Research

Publications, 3(5), 1-8.

 Foondun, R. A. (2002). The issue of private tuition: The practice in Mauritius and

selected South-East Asian countries. International Review of Education, 48(6),

485-515. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021374811658

 Gall, M. and Hicks, W.V. (1964). Modern Secondary Education American Book

Company, New York, p. 184.

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teachers perception

 Guill, K., & Bonsen, M. (2010). Achievement gains through private tutoring in

mathematics at the beginning of secondary education? – Results from the German

(Hamburg) School Achievement Study KESS]. Unterrichtswissenschaft, 38(2),

117–133.

 Guill, K. (2010, July). Effectiveness of private tutoring. Poster presented at the

conference of Junior Researches of EARLI (JURE), Frankfurt, Germany

 Goodlad, S. (1998). Mentoring and tutoring by students. Stirling, VA: Kogan Page

Limited.

 Gafoor, A. K., & Sunnummel, M. (2007). Effect of Private Tuition on

Achievement in Science of Secondary School Pupils. Journal of Community

Guidance & Research, 24(3), 316-325.

 Hamid, M. O., Sussex, R., & Khan, A. (2009). Private tutoring in English for

secondary school student`ts in Bangladesh. Tesol Quarterly, 43(2), 281–308.

 Ireson, J., & Rushforth, K. (2005). Mapping and evaluating shadow education

(ESRC Research Project RES-000-23-017 – End of Award Report). London, UK:

Institute of Education, University of London.

 Irfan, S., & Kee, D. (2013). Critical Success Factors of TQM and its Impact on

Increased Service Quality: A Case from Service Sector of Pakistan. Middle East

Journal of Scientific Research, 15(1), 61-74.

 Ismail, M. (2010). Quality Enhancement Cells and Self-Assessment Report Writing

Method. City: University of AJK Muzaffarabad.

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teachers perception

 Kang, C. (2007). Does money matter? The effect of private educational

expenditures on academic performance. Singapore: Department of Economics,

National University of Singapore.

 Kenny, D. T., & Faunce, G. (2004). Effect of Academic coaching on Elementary

and Secondary School students. The Journal of Educational Research, 98, 109-

126. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.98.2.115

 Mischo, C., & Kessel, M. von (2005). Wie wirkt Nachhilfe? Mögliche

Wirkfaktoren im Wissen der Nachhilfelehrer [How does private tutoring work?

Possible effective factors in the knowledge base of tutoring teachers]. Empirische

Pädagogik, 19(1), 28–46.

 Stevenson, & Baker, (1992). Shadow education and allocation in formal schooling:

transition to university in Japan. American Journal of sociology, 97(6).

https://doi.org/10.1086/229942

 Topping, K. (2000). Tutoring: by the International Academy of Education (IAE),

Palais des Academies, 1, rue Ducale, 1000 Brussels, Belgium, and the

International Bureau of Education (IBE), P.O. Box 199, 1211 Geneva 20,

Switzerland. UNESCO
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Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

APPENDIX A

QUESTIONNAIRE

Name:

Age:

Gender:

Qualification:

Given below are the some statements. Please tick (√) the appropriate by indicating the

level of your agreement with the statement:

Q1: Yours student go for tuition

a) Yes

b) No

Q2: Your students get any benefit from attending tuition

a) Yes

b) No

c) Sometimes

Q3: You see any improvement in student’s progress

a) Yes
 42
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

b) No

c) Sometimes

Q4: Mostly nil students go for tuitions

a) Strongly agree

b) Agree

c) Disagree

Q5: Tutorial session is for one or more than one subject

a) Single subject

b) Multiple subject

Q6: Is there any improvement in nil students after taking tuition?

a) Yes

b) No

c) Sometimes

Q7: Private tuition is opted as a result of secondary education burden

a) Yes

b) No

Q8: Family status of students taking tuitions sessions

 43
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

a) Rich

b) Middle

c) Poor

Q9: Majority students take tuitions for which subjects

a) Science subjects

b) Arts subjects

c) All subjects

Q10: Do the parents think that the private tuition results in the betterment of student’s

academic?

a) Yes

b) No

c) to some extent

Q11: Do you teach private tuition?

a) Yes

b)

Q12: What is the percentage of students taking private tuitions?

a) 25%

b) 50%

c) 75%
 44
Role of tutoring in the academic achievement of students at secondary level;
teachers perception

Q13: Which category of student comes for tuition?

a) Intelligent

b) Average

c) Nil

Q14: Do the parents think that private tuition system is better?

a) Strongly agree

b) Agree

c) Uncertain

d) Disagree

e) Strongly Disagree

Q15: Do illiteracy makes it harder for parent to support their children?

a) Strongly agree

b) Agree

c) Uncertain

d) Disagree

e) Strongly Disagree