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Liquid Diffusion Coefficient PDF
Liquid Diffusion Coefficient PDF
TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS REVISION NO: TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFERS
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
EXPERIMENT: ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERS LABORATORY
AMENDMENT
DATE:
LABORATORY REPORT
DATE
GROUP NO.
LECTURER/INSTRUCTOR/TUT
OR
DATE OF REPORT
SUBMISSION
ATTENDANCE/PARTICIPATION/DISCIPLINE: /5%
INTRODUCTION: /5%
PROCEDURE: /5%
ANALYSIS /15%
DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS
DISCUSSIONS: /20%
FOR LABORATORY REPORT:
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS /15%
CONCLUSION /10%
REFERENCES: /5%
TOTAL: /100%
1
KOD FACULTY: ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
EDITION:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
(KEP)
JABATAN TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA
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FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
1.0 OBJECTIVES
To determine the liquid diffusion coefficient of paracetamol in distilled water.
3.0 INTRODUCTION
When a concentration gradient exists within a fluid consisting of two or more
components, there is a tendency for each constituent to flow in such a direction as to
reduce the concentration gradient. This is called mass transfer. Mass transfer takes
place in either a gas phase or a liquid phase or in both simultaneously.
C (1)
J D where,
x
J =diffusion flux
across unit area at right angles to the x-direction
D =diffusivity
∂C/∂x =concentration gradient in the x-direction
The –ve sign indicates that flow is from high to low concentration.
J [≡] mole/cm2.sec
3
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
C [≡] mole/cm3
x [≡] cm
t [≡] seconds
D [≡] cm2/sec
The concentration at the lower ends chosen and taken to be constant and
the concentration at the top end is effectively zero during the experiment.
In order words, the concentrations inside the sample vessel are assumed
to be constant. Obviously, this assumption will break down, given enough
time.The concentration in a single capillary turns out to be linear:
C M
The diffusion flux is
x x
given by:
C M
J D D
x x
The rate of diffusion
out of a single capillary is:
M
J D A N
x 4
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
M d 2
J D N
x 4
This rate is equal to rate of
changes of NaCl concentration in the vessel, times with its volume
M d 2 CNaCl
J D N V
x 4 T
The concentration of NaCl
in the vessel is related to the vessel conductivity (k) by a proportional
constant:
C NaCl k 1
Therefore,
t t C M
V dk M d 2
D N
CM dt x 4
4Vx dk (2)
D 2
d NMCM dt where,
V =
volume of water in diffusion vessel [liters]
x = length of capillaries [cm]
d = diameter of capillaries [cm]
N = number of capillaries
M = molar concentration of the paracetamol solution [mol/liter]
CM = conductivity change per unit molar concentration change
(dilute solution) [S/mol.liter-1], 4.1 x 104 Error: Reference
source not foundS/M
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FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
dk/dt =
rate of change of conductivity with time (slope of
graph)
4.0 PROCEDURE
Number of capillaries, N = 97
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FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
C1 SOLUTION C2 SOLUTION
TIME
Conductivity, k Conductivity, k
(uS) (uS)
0 2.10 2.10
7.0 ANALYSIS
1. Plot Conductivity against time. Determine the liquid diffusivity of paracetamol solution
from the obtained slope, s.
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FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
Molarity
3.308 10 3
3.308 10
0.02
0.165M
Liquid diffusivity of paracetamol solution :
X 2 X1
2Y 2
.57 Y21.1
300 0 3
1.567 10
8
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
X 2 X1
Y2 Y1
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FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
2.49 2.1
300 0
μS/s 1.3 10 3
When 1 tablet is used ( 0.165 M), the diffusivity value calculated from the graph Is
1.567×10-3 μS/s which is lower when two tablet is used (0.33M) with diffusivity value
1.3×10-3μS/s . This is because the conductivity is more with time for C1 solution than C2,
hence steeper graph is produced for C1 with high gradient value ( diffusitivity value). Thus,
the higher the concentration of the paracetamol solution the lower the diffusivity value.
8.0 DISCUSIONS
10
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
11
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
10.0 CONCLUSION
12
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
1. Using porous plate because it has been analyzed and shown the effect of an
additional cross transport phenomenon and this will increase the diffusion rate.
2. Using more than one conductivity sensors and placed on various depths of the
solution to obtain various value for accuracy.
3. Ensure the equipment and materials have minimum contact with the surrounding
to obtain better results.
11.0 REFERENCES
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FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE:
Signature / Tandatangan :
Signature/Tandatangan:
Name / Nama : DR. NOOR AKHMAZILLAH
Name/Nama: DR. NOR FAIZAH BINTI RAZALI
BINTI MOHD FAUZI
Date/Tarikh :
Date / Tarikh :
14
FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
TRANSFERS REVISION NO:
EXPERIMENT: LIQUID
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013
AMENDMENT
DATE: