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Implementation in Castalia
Implementation in Castalia
Castalia contains various protocols and its configurations like Mac802.15.4, TMAC, Tunable
MAC, Baseline BANMAC, and SMAC.
3) Sensor Nodes : 6
We have simulated TMAC, SMAC and ZigBeeMAC configuration in Castalia by carrying out
the changes in Omnetpp.ini files and analysed that TMAC presents an effective way to address
the idle listening problem and decreases the energy consumption in a volatile environment
where the message rate fluctuates, either in time or in location.
Latency: defined as how much time is required to send the data from source node to
destination node.
This shows the simulation results for S-Mac in which we can see the consumed energy is more
as compared to ZigBeeMAC protocol.
This shows simulation results for T-Mac protocols in which we observe the energy consumed is
further reduced to 0.018.
Now we have made a comparison of these three protocols in tabular form in order to analyse
the best protocol.
Table4. Comparison table of MAC Protocols
Protocols
Finally, looking at the graph we can conclude that T-MAC consumes the least energy because
T-MAC introduces the concept of turning off the radio when a certain time-out occurs, which
presents an effective way to address the idle listening problem and decreases the energy
consumption in a volatile environment where the message rate fluctuates, either in time or in
location. So, we have tried to enhance the TMAC protocol by varying the parameters i.e
Contention Access Period and Listen Timeout.
T-MAC protocol solves the early sleeping problem by introducing future request to send and
taking priority on the buffers. By solving the problem of early sleeping, T-MAC protocol can be
applied to network when the data flows from the nodes to the sink node.
The main reasons are the employments of slotted carrier sense multiple access-collision
avoidance and the mechanism that if a frame transmission cannot be completed before the end
of the CAP, it has to wait until the start of the next CAP. So, we are varying the contention
Access period which range from which is by default is 10ms, we set the value of 5, 15 it shows
that energy consumption is very less if the contention period is increased.
Effect of Contention Acess Period on Energy
Consumed Energy
Energy CAP(7)
Energy CAP(10 Default)
Energy CAP(14)
Collison Models
Now after performing an analysis of T-MAC, IEEE802.15.4 and Tunable MAC we made a
conclusion that TMAC is more energy efficient so, we further tried to make it more efficient by
changing the parameter CAP and now we will implement Multihopping in it because now the
no of sensor nodes are more so using single hop they would not be able to communicate.
We started with a simple multihop network consisting of 4 nodes where they were directly
connected to one cluster head and then that routed the packets to sink. After that we simulated it
for 9 nodes and we kept on doing it up to 50 nodes which consisted of 6 cluster heads having 8
cluster members.
2. Define the protocol type as TMAC by writing MAC protocol Name=TMAC and packet
rate =50.
Figure 5.9 Defining TMAC Protocol Configuration
4. Deploy the sensor node by assigning the x coordinate and y coordinate value.
-s switch (s‟ standing for show‟) to select among the possible outputs.