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Ayman Hoballah
Tanta University

How can the reactive power be controlled in PV systems during

MPPT? Similar Questions

How can I control the output active and reactive power

The active power can be controlled in many ways for MPPT such as control of DC
output of the PV terminal voltage, I would like to control the injected reactive power
to the grid at the same time.
Topics
of a pwm inverter independently? or How can I model
the PQ inverter?
How can model the Active & Reactive power Inverter
which is connected with the micro-grid? Please anyone guide
me how do I model the PQ...

Solar Inverters Photovoltaic Systems MPPT

18 answers added

Apr 17, 2015 Why is the DC link voltage in a grid-connected PV

system controlled to be xed?
Recommend I know that a fixed DC link voltage in a PV system can be
achieved by controlling the d-axis current of the inverter, but I
don't know the...

5 answers added
Popular Answers

What is the difference between a microgrid and a

Hangseng Che · University of Malaya
smartgrid?
Based on your question, I am not sure if you have a full picture of the PV Can anybody help me to know what the difference is between
converter system. So, I would just like to raise a few important points with a microgrid and a smartgrid?
regards to your question of MPPT and reactive power injection. 22 answers added

1) PV is a DC power source. In this case, there is no reactive power

Where can I nd of cial data of IEEE test power
associated with PV itself. When a PV is connected to a load via a dc/dc
systems?
converter, the voltage and current of the PV can be varied by the converter,
IEEE power systems are widely used (e.g. IEEE 118-bus) in
such that active power can be control. The ideal case will be to extract the papers and in books, but I do not know of any official IEEE
maximum active power from the case, and such control will be known as website or publication that...
MPPT. A dc/dc converter cannot inject or absorb any reactive power. 12 answers added
2) Reactive power is a concept unique in AC power system. When an
inverter is used, the reactive power can be injected into the grid by varying Why are diodes connected anti-parallel across the
MOSFET or IGBT in Inverter Module?
the magnitude and angle of the inverter voltage. If voltage-oriented control
What is function performed by the diodes that are connected
(VOC) method is used to control the inverter, reactive power can be
anti-parallel across MOSFET in Inverter module?
controlled by controlling the q-axis current. 
16 answers added
3) in order to perform MPPT and Q injection at the same time, an inverter
must be used. Two common structures will be possible: single stage
power conversion or two stage power conversion:
Reads 5646
A) In single stage power conversion, the PV is connected directly to the
inverter without any dc/dc converter (hence termed single stage). In the Followers 24
case if VOC is used for the inverter control, q-axis current will be
controlled to vary the active power, hence to achieve MPPT. At the same Answers 16
time, q-axis current will be used to control the reactive power injection.
Take note that in this structure, the dc-link of the inverter is connected
directly to the PV terminals, and will uctuate with the PV voltage.  Related Publications
B) In a two stage system, PV panel is connected rst to a dc/dc converter, A new direct MPPT technique for grid-
then to an inverter. The dc/dc converter will perform the MPPT task to connected solar inverter
extract maximum active power from the PV. The inverter on the other Conference Paper · Jul 2016 · Energy and Power Engineering
hand still control the active and reactive power. However, in this case, the
Debajyoti Ghosh Ayan Kumar Tudu
inverter is not doing the MPPT, but merely injecting active power to the
grid (by controlling d-axis current) to maintain a xed dc-link voltage (dc-
Read
link voltage control). At the same time, q-axis current is controlled to vary
the reactive power. In this structure, the dc-link voltage of the inverter is
maintained at a constant value all the time.
 Apr 18, 2015 · Recommend 6 Recommendations High level integration for solar inverter power
applications
Conference Paper · Sep 2015 · Energy and Power Engineering

Gachovska Tanya Christian Cojocaru

All Answers (16)
Igor Miletic +1 more author... Vincent Karam

Ragab A. El Sehiemy · Kafrelsheikh University

Read
http://maxwellsci.com/print/rjaset/v3-1430-1436.pdf

Apr 17, 2015 · Recommend

Design and Evaluation of Solar Inverter for

Different Power Factor Loads
Ayman Hoballah · Tanta University Full-text · Article · Jan 2012
 Thank you Dr. Ragab and Dr. Basil for your answers, the capacitor is used
Mohammad Ahmad Badrul Hasan Khan
to control the DC voltage at the terminal of cells before the inverter and
can be used to inject capacitive reactive power. My concern is the Read full-text
design of the controller for injecting of inductive or capacitive reactive
power during MPPT.

Apr 18, 2015 · Recommend

Hangseng Che · University of Malaya

Based on your question, I am not sure if you have a full picture of the PV
converter system. So, I would just like to raise a few important points with
regards to your question of MPPT and reactive power injection.

1) PV is a DC power source. In this case, there is no reactive power

associated with PV itself. When a PV is connected to a load via a dc/dc
converter, the voltage and current of the PV can be varied by the converter,
such that active power can be control. The ideal case will be to extract the
maximum active power from the case, and such control will be known as
MPPT. A dc/dc converter cannot inject or absorb any reactive power.

2) Reactive power is a concept unique in AC power system. When an

inverter is used, the reactive power can be injected into the grid by varying
the magnitude and angle of the inverter voltage. If voltage-oriented control
(VOC) method is used to control the inverter, reactive power can be
controlled by controlling the q-axis current. 

3) in order to perform MPPT and Q injection at the same time, an inverter

must be used. Two common structures will be possible: single stage
power conversion or two stage power conversion:

A) In single stage power conversion, the PV is connected directly to the

inverter without any dc/dc converter (hence termed single stage). In the
case if VOC is used for the inverter control, q-axis current will be
controlled to vary the active power, hence to achieve MPPT. At the same
time, q-axis current will be used to control the reactive power injection.
Take note that in this structure, the dc-link of the inverter is connected
directly to the PV terminals, and will uctuate with the PV voltage. 

B) In a two stage system, PV panel is connected rst to a dc/dc converter,

then to an inverter. The dc/dc converter will perform the MPPT task to
extract maximum active power from the PV. The inverter on the other
hand still control the active and reactive power. However, in this case, the
inverter is not doing the MPPT, but merely injecting active power to the
grid (by controlling d-axis current) to maintain a xed dc-link voltage (dc-
link voltage control). At the same time, q-axis current is controlled to vary
the reactive power. In this structure, the dc-link voltage of the inverter is
maintained at a constant value all the time.

Apr 18, 2015 · Recommend 6 Recommendations

 Ayman Hoballah · Tanta University
Thank you Dr. Hangseng Che for your valuable reply. I investigate the
capability of PV system to inject reactive power using the presented
model in DigSilent and I know how the reactive power can be controlled
and my concern is to study the possibility of the grid side to be a Voltage
Controlled Bus (Inject capacitive orinductive reactive power with MPPT)

Apr 18, 2015 · Recommend

Ulrich Boeke · Philips Lighting Research

In addition to Hangseng Che explanations I want to mention that modern
DC/AC solar inverters can adjust MPPT control (control of real power) and
the control of reactive power quite independently.

The PhD thesis of Dr. Alfred Engler offers many insights if you want to
control AC island grids only by means of solar-type of
inverters. (https://de.linkedin.com/in/aengler ). If I am right the company
SMA is using this knowledge in their Sunny Island battery inverters.

Apr 21, 2015 · Recommend 1 Recommendation

Maya Prashant · Government Engineering College, Thrissur

Thank you Dr. Hangseng Che for the wondeful discussion. Can you
suggest a good reference which explains clearly all these facts. 

Feb 26, 2016 · Recommend

Hangseng Che · University of Malaya

Dear Maya, the group from Aalborg University has been doing fantastic
job on the development of grid-converters for solar system. You can have
a look at one of their books :http://www.amazon.com/Grid-Converters-
Photovoltaic-Power-Systems/dp/0470057513

Feb 26, 2016 · Recommend

Maya Prashant · Government Engineering College, Thrissur

Got it!!!thanks

Feb 26, 2016 · Recommend

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Maya Prashant · Government Engineering College, Thrissur Join for free
within 48 hours on ResearchGate.
I have one more query regarding the control of reactive power. I am seeing
in mos of the papers that Reactive power is controlled by Q-axis current.
In your explanation it is vise-versa. Which is correct? See the book you
mentioned earlier

Feb 26, 2016 · Recommend

Vishal Charan · Fiji National University

I have design a grid connected system, have replace a PV system with a
constant DC source,  but still I get reactive power of  a negative value. can
some one explain how can i get the reactive power close to zero.

May 1, 2016 · Recommend 1 Recommendation

 Hangseng Che · University of Malaya
Dear Maya, sorry for the late reply. You are right, d-axis is for active power,
and q-axis is for reactive power. Pardon me for the confusion.

May 3, 2016 · Recommend 1 Recommendation

Hangseng Che · University of Malaya

Dear Vishal, it will be better for you to provide more information on your
simulation. Otherwise, it is dif cult to know what is the cause of the
problem.

May 3, 2016 · Recommend

Vishal Charan · Fiji National University

i have implement i DPC control for the inverter since then I getting that
results.

May 3, 2016 · Recommend 1 Recommendation

Hitesh Panchal · Government Engineering College patan

I am totally agreee with Hangseng Che

Mar 19 · Recommend

Hitesh Panchal · Government Engineering College patan

It's ok

Apr 28 · Recommend

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