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EXPERIMENT 39
MEASUREMENT OF LIQUID DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT
OBJECTIVE
PRELIMINARY WORK
Review the theoretical aspects of diffusion in liquids.
The experimental setup has a hook-shaped diffusion cell, the top of which is
covered by a honeycomb of numerous small glass capillary pipes. A small volume
of a concentrated salt solution is placed in the diffusion cell and the cell is placed
in a large volume of pure water in a container. Mass transfer thus initiated causes
the salt ions to diffuse in effectively one dimension through the capillaries to the
other side (pure water), while naturally water molecules should move in the
opposite direction (though negligibly slowly in comparison to salt molecules).
The bulk liquid is agitated without disturbing diffusion at the honeycomb surface
and a homogeneous binary mixture is ensured. Increase in concentration of bulk
liquid is a result of diffusion, and can be determined as a function of time by an
indirect measurement of ionic conductivity. Fick’s law, together with a proper
relation between concentration and conductivity can be used to determine D AB, the
diffusion coefficient of salt in water.
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METU Chem. Eng. Dept. Experiment 39
Ch.E. 320 Chem. Eng. Lab I Liquid Diffusion Coefficient
4. What are ionic conductance and resistance? What is the unit of conductivity?
5. Derive the equation 1 given below starting with the Fick’s law.
4Vx dk
DAB = . .10 3 (Eqn.1)
d NMC m dt
2
dk
= Rate of change of conductivity with time (slope of the graph) Ω-1sec-1
dt
Note that,
where,
C: Concentration, mole/cm3
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METU Chem. Eng. Dept. Experiment 39
Ch.E. 320 Chem. Eng. Lab I Liquid Diffusion Coefficient
c) Mass transfer rate into the bulk liquid by time is the result of diffusion flux
(J=(1/A).dm/dt, where A is the cross sectional area perpendicular to direction
of diffusion, and dm/dt is the mass transfer rate into bulk liquid),
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Diffusion cell
distilled water
stirrer bar
magnetic stirrer
conductivity
meter
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Check that the conductivity electrode is located centrally in the vessel with the
holes in the shield aligned vertically.
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METU Chem. Eng. Dept. Experiment 39
Ch.E. 320 Chem. Eng. Lab I Liquid Diffusion Coefficient
3. Fill the acrylic vessel with 1 L of distilled or deionized water using the
measuring jug supplied.
4. Fill the glass diffusion cell with salt solution using the syringe supplied. Ensure
that the glass hook and plastic honeycomb are filled with the solution and no
air bubbles trapped. This can be achieved by immersing the hook into a beaker
full of salt solution while forcing liquid through the capillaries using the syringe
filled with the same solution.
5. Locate the lid (with the glass diffusion cell fitted) on top of the vessel.
6. Steady the lid on top of the vessel and check that the top of the honeycomb of
capillaries is flush with the surface of the water.
7. Place the stirrer bar on the bottom of acrylic vessel and locate the vessel on
top of the battery-operated stirrer.
8. Connect the conductivity electrode to the socket at the top of the conductivity
meter. Set the range switch to 199.9 µS on the meter and switch on by
pressing the POWER button. The REC button, if pressed, keeps the meter
permanently powered (if REC is not indicated on the display the meter will
automatically switch off 10 minutes to save the battery).
9. Switch on the magnetic stirrer and adjust the speed control until the contents of
the diffusion vessel is gently agitated without any vortex formation or excessive
motion at the surface.
10. Start to record the conductivity immediately after placing the glass diffusion cell
into the vessel. Readings should be taken typically at 60 second intervals. The
experiment should continue for at least 2000 seconds.
CALCULATIONS
2. You should have graph paper and ruler when coming to the experiment. Now
during the experiment, plot a graph of readings of conductivity (S) as a function
of time (seconds), and determine the slope of the best-fit straight line (ignore
any non-linearity immediately after immersing the cell).
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METU Chem. Eng. Dept. Experiment 39
Ch.E. 320 Chem. Eng. Lab I Liquid Diffusion Coefficient
SUGGESTED REFERENCES
7. Skoog, D.A., West, D.M., “Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry”, 2nd Ed., Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, Inc., New York
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