S4 General Proportion TJ Chapter2

Rate and Proportion
S4
Rates and Finding Rates

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Direct Proportion
Direct Proportion graphs
Inverse Proportion
Tuesday, June 4, 2019 Created by Mr. Lafferty 1

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Starter Questions
S4
1. Find 5% of 140
2. Round to 1 decimal place

(a) 1.24 (b) 2.35
3. I work 20 hours a week and my rate of pay

is £8 per hour. What is my total weekly pay.
1
4. of 72
8
Rates
S4
Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. To explain the term ‘rate’ is 1. To understand the term

and how to find the rate. ‘rate’ and calculate it.

Rates
S4
Per means for each.

A phrase that contains the word ‘per’
is called a RATE.
Example : Sean walks at 5 km per hour (km/hr)
This means that if Sean walked at this speed for

one hour he would travel 5km.
Tuesday, June 4, 2019 Created by Mr. Lafferty

4
Rates
S4
We are often interested in rates

• Miles per gallon

• Goals per game
• £’s spent per day
• Calories per day
• Words per minute
Why are we interested in rates?

Rates
S4
Example : Sean walks at 5 km per hour (km/hr)

How far would he walk in :

(a) 4 hours (b) Half an hour
(a) 4 x 5 = 20km
(b) 5 x 0.5 =2.5 km

6
Finding the Rate
S4
Example : For 5 hours’ work Jennifer is paid £30.

Calculate her rate of pay per hour.
Answer :
5 hours  £30
1 hour  £30 ÷ 5 = £6
This means that Jennifer is paid a ‘rate’ of
£6 per hour
7
Finding the Rate
S4
Example : 3 litres of paint covers a fence area of 36 m2

How much will 1 litre cover.
Answer :
3 litres  36
1 litre  36 ÷ 3 = 12m2
This means that 12m2 requires 1 litre of paint.

8
Finding the Rate
S4
Example : Nicola gets paid £48 000 pounds a year.

What is her monthly rate of pay.
Answer :
12 months £48 000

1 month £48 000 ÷ 12 = £4 000
This means Nicola gets paid £4 000 per month
9
Finding the Rate
S4
Now try
Ex 1
Ch 2 (page 26)

10
Starter Questions
S4
1. Calculate 3 + 5  4
2. Calculate 6% of 300
3. Find the mean, median and mode for
25, 20, 55, 20
4 5
4. Calculate 
5 8
4-Jun-19 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.
Direct Proportion
S4

1. Understand the idea of

1. To explain the term Direct
Direct Proportion.
Proportion.
2. Solve simple proportional

problems.

Direct Proportion
S4
Two quantities, (for example, number of cakes and total cost)

are said
Are we to be in DIRECT PROPORTION, if :
expecting
“ .. When you double the number of cakes
more or less
you double the cost.”
Example : The cost of 6 cakes is £4.20. find the cost
Easier method
of 5 cakes.
Cakes Pence Cakes Cost
6  420 6  4.20
(less) 5
1  4.20 ÷ 6 = 0.70
5
420  350  £3.50
5  0.70 x 5 = £3.50
6
Direct Proportion
S4
Example : On holiday I exchanged £30 for $45.

Are we
How many $ will I get for £50.

expecting
What name do
more or less Exchange
we give to this
£ $ value
rate
Easier 30 
method 45
£ 1 
$ 45 ÷ 30 = 1.5
30 50 
45 1.5 x 50 = $75
(more) 50
50
45  $75
30
Direct Proportion
S4
Sometimes it is easier to find the cost of 10,100 or 1000

items
Are we rather than 1.
expecting
Example
more or less: 300 pencils cost £6. How much will 200 cost.
Pencils Cost
Easier method
300  £6.00
Pencil Pence
100 £6.00 ÷ 3 = £2.00
300  200 600  £2.00 x 2 = £4.00
(less) 200
200
600  400  £4
300
Direct Proportion
S4
Now try Ex 2
Ch2 (page 28)

Starter Questions
S4
1. Simplfy the ratio 95 : 35

2. Calculate 2.5% of 500
3. Find the mean, median and mode for
5, 2, 5, 8
1 1
4. Calculate 3 ×1
2 2
Proportion
S4 Direct Proportion Graphs

1. Understand that Direct

1. To explain how Direct
Proportion Graph is a
Proportion Graph is
straight line.
always a straight line.
2. Construct Direct
Proportion Graphs.

Proportion
The table below shows the cost of packets of “Biscuits”.
No. of Pkts 1 2 3 4 5 6
Cost (p) 20 40 60 80 100 120
We can construct a graph to represent this data.
What type of graph do we expect ?

Direct Proportion
140
Notice that the
120 Direct Proportion Graphs
points lie on a
straight line passing
100
through the origin
80
60
40
20
This is true for any
two quantities which
0 are in Direct
0 1 2 3
Proportion.
4 5 6
No. of Packets
Proportion
KeyPoint
Two quantities which are in

DIRECT PROPORTION
always lie on a straight line
passing through the origin.

Proportion
Example : Plot the points in the table below.
Are they in direct proportion?
X 1 2 3 4
y 3 6 9 12
We plot the points (1,3) , (2,6) , (3,19) , (4,12)

Proportion
y 12
Plotting the points 11
10
(1,3) , (2,6) , (3,9) , (4,12) 9

8
7
Since we have a straight line 6
passing through the origin 5
x and y are in 4
direct proportion. 3
2
1
0 1 2 3 4 x
Proportion
S4 Direct Proportion
Now try TJ
Extension booklet

Starter Questions
S4
1. Simplfy the ratio 95 : 35

2. Calculate 0.5 + 1.45 + 0.06
1 1
4. Calculate 
2 6
Proportion
S4 Inverse Proportion

1. Understand the idea of

1. To explain the term
Inverse Proportion.
Inverse Proportion.
2. Solve simple inverse

proportion problems.

Proportion
Inverse proportion is when one quantity increases
and we
Are the other decreases. The two quantities are said
expecting to be INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL

moreor
or(INDIRECTLY
less PROPORTIONAL) to each other.
Example : If it takes 3 men 8 hours to build a wall.
How
Easier long will it take 4 men. (Less time !!)
method
Workers HoursMen Hours
3  8 3  8
(less) 4 1  3 x 8 = 24 hours
3
8  6 hours 4  24 ÷ 4 = 6 hours
4
Proportion
Example : It takes 10 men 12 months to build a house.

Are we
How long should it take 8 men.

expecting
more or less
Men Months
Easier 10 
method 12
1  12 x 10 = 120
Workers months
10  8 
12 120 ÷ 8 = 15 months
(more) 8
10
12  15 months
8
Proportion
Now try TJ
Extension
Booklet

S4 General Proportion TJ Chapter2

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Rate and Proportion

Rates and Finding Rates

Direct Proportion graphs

Tuesday, June 4, 2019 Created by Mr. Lafferty 1

2. Round to 1 decimal place

3. I work 20 hours a week and my rate of pay

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. To explain the term ‘rate’ is 1. To understand the term

Tuesday, June 4, 2019 Created by Mr. Lafferty 3

Per means for each.

Example : Sean walks at 5 km per hour (km/hr)

This means that if Sean walked at this speed for

Tuesday, June 4, 2019 Created by Mr. Lafferty

We are often interested in rates

• Miles per gallon

Why are we interested in rates?

Example : Sean walks at 5 km per hour (km/hr)

How far would he walk in :

(b) 5 x 0.5 =2.5 km

Example : For 5 hours’ work Jennifer is paid £30.

Example : 3 litres of paint covers a fence area of 36 m2

Tuesday, June 4, 2019 Created by Mr. Lafferty

Example : Nicola gets paid £48 000 pounds a year.

12 months £48 000

Tuesday, June 4, 2019 Created by Mr. Lafferty

3. Find the mean, median and mode for

25, 20, 55, 20

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. Understand the idea of

2. Solve simple proportional

4-Jun-19 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Two quantities, (for example, number of cakes and total cost)

Example : On holiday I exchanged £30 for $45.

How many $ will I get for £50.

Sometimes it is easier to find the cost of 10,100 or 1000

4-Jun-19 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

1. Simplfy the ratio 95 : 35

2. Calculate 2.5% of 500

3. Find the mean, median and mode for

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. Understand that Direct

4-Jun-19 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

We can construct a graph to represent this data.

What type of graph do we expect ?

4-Jun-19 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Two quantities which are in

4-Jun-19 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

We plot the points (1,3) , (2,6) , (3,19) , (4,12)

4-Jun-19 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

(1,3) , (2,6) , (3,9) , (4,12) 9

4-Jun-19 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

1. Simplfy the ratio 95 : 35

2. Calculate 0.5 + 1.45 + 0.06

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. Understand the idea of

2. Solve simple inverse

4-Jun-19 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

expecting to be INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL

Example : It takes 10 men 12 months to build a house.

How long should it take 8 men.

4-Jun-19 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

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