i beriidan palestinamde

pirveli qarTvelebi
wminda miwaze
daviTis koSki ierusalimSi. mis siaxloves mdebareobda saxelganTqmuli `iberTa monasteri~ (V-VI ss.)

saqristiano samyaroSi wminda ninos mier qarTlis

moqcevis istoria mefiswulma bakurma pirvelma
gaavrcela jer kidev IV saukuneSi
wminda miwasTan saqarTvelos urTierTobas mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs.
is aq qristianobis oficialur religiad aRiarebamde didi xniT adre daiwyo
da dakavSirebuli iyo saqarTveloSi ebrauli Temis gamoCenasTan. adgilobrivi
istoriuli tradiciis Tanaxmad, devnili ebraelobis pirvelma nakadma kavkasiis
mTebs Tavi jer kidev Zv.w. VI saukuneSi Seafara, Zv.w. II saukunis pirvel naxevarSi
ki saqarTveloSi maTi meore nakadic Cndeba. imave tradiciiT, mcxeTasa da
mis SemogarenSi warmoiSva ebraelTa kompaqturi dasaxlebebi. wminda miwis
mtrebisgan Seviwroebulma Svilebma saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze axali samSoblo
ipoves, isini imdroindeli qarTlis (iberiis) samefos moqalaqeebad iqcnen.

qar­Tu­li we­ri­lo­bi­Ti wya­r o­e­bi gva­ Cnde­bi­an iudoq­ris­ti­a­no­bis mim­dev­re­bi,

uwye­ben, rom sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si dam­k­vid­re­bul
eb­ra­el
­ o­bas Ta­vis is­to­ri­ul sam­Sob­los­
Tan ur­Ti­er­To­ba ar ga­uwy­ve­tia. sa­ek­le­sio
tra­di­cia swo­red ad­gi­lob­riv eb­ra­ul
Tems ukav­Si­rebs jer elia wi­nas­war­mety­
ve­lis `xa­le­ni­sa~ da Sem­deg uk­ve jvar­c­
mu­li macxov­ris _ iesu qris­tes kvar­Tis
mcxe­Ta­Si mo­ta­nis faq­tebs. ax.w. pir­vel
sa­u­ku­ne­eb­Si­ve ad­gi­lob­riv eb­ra­ul Tem­Si
rom­le­bic Sem­d­gom­Si wmin­da ni­nos sa­mo­
ci­qu­lo moR­va­we­o­bas aq­ti­u­rad uWe­ren
mxars. ad­gi­lob­ri­vi sa­ek­le­sio we­ri­lo­
bi­Ti tra­di­cia (`wmin­da ni­nos cxov­re­
ba~, `moq­ce­vaÁ qar­T­li­saÁ~, `qar­T­lis
cxov­re­ba~...) qar­T­vel­Ta gan­ma­naT­leb­lis
pi­rov­ne­ba­sac wmin­da mi­was­Tan, ieru­sa­lim­
Tan akav­Si­rebs. qris­ti­a­no­bis ofi­ci­al­ ur
re­li­gi­ad aRi­a­re­bis Sem­d­gom, sa­qar­T­ve­

12 istoriani . noemberi 2015

lo­sa da wmin­da mi­wis ur­Ti­er­To­ba axal aq­ti­u­ri mo­na­wi­le iyo 378 wels ad­ri­a­no­
etap­ze ga­da­dis. qris­tes rjul­ze moq­ce­ pol­Tan go­Te­bis wi­na­aR­m­deg ga­mar­Tu­li im
u­li qar­T­ve­lo­bis­T­vis macxov­ris mi­wi­e­ brZo­li­sa, ro­mel­sac, aTa­so­biT ro­ma­el
ri moR­va­we­o­bis as­pa­re­zi gan­sa­kuT­re­bul le­gi­o­ner­Tan er­Tad, Tvi­Ton im­pe­ra­to­ric
mi­zi­du­lo­bas iZens: iwye­ba ad­gi­lob­riv em­s­x­ver­p­la.
mor­w­mu­ne­Ta mom­loc­ve­lo­ba pa­les­ti­na­Si, axal­gaz­r­da ibe­ri­e­li prin­cis sam­xed­
ibe­ri­is im­d­ro­in­de­li sa­tax­to qa­la­qis ro-po­li­ti­ku­ri ka­ri­e­ra gan­sa­kuT­re­biT
te­ri­to­ri­a­ze Cnde­ba sa­xa­re­bi­se­u­li ad­ war­m a­t e­bu­l ad mom­d ev­n o im­p e­r a­t o­r is
gil-sa­xe­le­bi, ri­Tac mcxe­Ta da mi­si mi­da­ _ Te­o­do­si I di­dis (378-395 ww.) ze­o­
mo mi­iC­ne­va wmin­da mi­wis, uf­lis qa­la­qis bi­s as wa­r i­m ar­Ta. swo­red am dro­i­d an
er­T­g­var mik­r o­mo­de­lad. ad­gi­lob­ri­vi iwye­b a ba­k u­r is cxov­re­b a-moR­va­w e­o­b is
is­to­ri­u­li tra­di­ci­iT, uk­ve mi­ri­an me­fis e.w. pa­les­ti­nu­ri pe­ri­o­di. 382 wels is
ze­o­bi­sas qar­T­ve­lebs ieru­sa­lim­Si Se­u­ ig­zav­ne­ba wmin­da mi­wa­ze pa­les­ti­nis yo­
Ze­ni­aT mi­wis nak­ve­Ti, sa­dac mog­vi­a­ne­biT fi­li duq­sis (Dux Palestinae), fla­vi­us
da­fuZ­n­da jvris sa­xe­lo­bis qar­Tu­li sa­ qu­in­ti­a­nu­sis Sem­c­v­le­lad. pa­les­ti­nis
mo­nas­t­ro ke­ra (le­gen­de­biT, TiT­qos Ta­vad duq­sis daq­vem­de­ba­re­ba­Si am dros 5 650
mi­ri­a­nic swve­via uf­lis qa­laqs). yo­ve­li­ve qve­i­Ti ja­ris­ka­ci da 4 500 mxe­da­ri iyo.
es Ta­vis­Ta­vad gu­lis­x­mobs uk­ve im xa­neb­ duq­si ga­na­geb­da sam­xed­ro gar­ni­zo­nebs da
Si ibe­ri­is war­mo­mad­ge­nel­Ta stum­ro­bas me­Ta­u­r ob­da maT dac­vas bar­ba­r os­Ta­gan.
wmin­da mi­wa­ze. sam­wu­xa­rod, ma­Ti sa­xe­le­bi duq­sis uf­le­ba­mo­si­le­ba ar vrcel­de­bo­da
sa­is­to­rio ana­lebs ar Se­mor­Ce­nia. ad­gil­ze ar­se­bul ro­ma­ul sa­sa­mar­T­lo da
ucxo­u­ri (ber­Z­nul-ro­ma­u­li) we­ri­ aR­mas­ru­le­bel xe­li­suf­le­ba­ze. ba­kurs,
lo­bi­Ti wya­r o­e­bis cno­be­biT, pir­ve­li
mefe mirianis dakarguli freska jvris
qar­T­ve­li, vi­sac wmin­da mi­wa­ze Ca­suls
monastridan (Canaxatis avtori timoTe gabaSvili,
vxe­davT, aris mi­ri­an me­fis Svil­TaS­vi­li, XVIII s.)
ibe­ri­e­li me­fis­wu­li ba­ku­ri. mi­u­xe­da­vad
imi­sa, rom es ko­lo­ri­tu­li pi­r ov­ne­ba
ara­erT Ta­nad­ro­ul da Sem­d­go­mi pe­ri­o­
dis cno­bil ucxo­el mwe­ral­Ta Sro­meb­Sia
nax­se­ne­bi, mi­si bi­og­ra­fi­is sru­li su­ra­
Ti jer­je­ro­biT ma­inc uc­no­bia. 345-350
wlebs So­ris da­ba­de­bul ba­kurs 368 wels
ibe­ri­a­Si Seq­m­ni­li rTu­li po­li­ti­ku­ri
vi­Ta­re­bis ga­mo mouxda samSoblodan ga­
daxvewa da Sem­d­gom­Si TiT­q­mis me­oTxe­di
sa­u­ku­nis (368-394 ww.) gan­mav­lo­ba­Si aR­
mo­sav­leT ro­mis im­pe­ri­is sam­xed­r o-po­
li­ti­kur as­pa­rez­ze moR­va­we­ob­da. Wa­buk
ba­kurs sam­Sob­lo­dan gah­y­va uax­lo­e­si ada­
mi­an­ e­bi­sa da msa­xu­re­bis moz­rd
­ i­li ama­la.
is, ro­gorc mo­ma­val­Si qar­T­lis sa­me­fo
tax­tis Se­saZ­lo pre­ten­den­ti, sa­im­pe­ra­
to­ro kar­ze sa­Ta­na­do pa­ti­viT mi­i­Res; Tav­
da­pir­ve­lad im­pe­ra­tor va­len­tis (364-378
ww.) pi­ra­di mcve­lis (pro­tec­tor do­mes­ti­cus)
sta­tu­si mo­ir­go, xo­lo 377 wli­dan mas
uk­ve sa­im­pe­ra­to­ro ka­ris mcve­li ja­ris
qve­da­na­yo­fis (Scho­la pa­la­ti­na) tri­bu­nis
Ta­nam­de­bo­ba­ze vxe­davT. igi, ro­gorc va­
len­tis ja­ris erT-er­Ti sar­dal­Ta­ga­ni,

istoriani . noemberi 2015 13

i beriidan palestinamde

ro­gorc ro­mis am sa­sazR­v­ro pro­vin­ci­is

bakuris warwera bir el-qutidan (IV s.)
sat­raps, iqa­ur maR­lo­beb­ze mo­u­wia am­
bo­xe­bu­li mom­Ta­ba­re ara­be­bis wi­na­aR­m­deg
sas­ti­ki brZo­le­bis ga­mar­Tv­ a, rom­leb­Sic,
Ta­na­med­ro­ve­Ta cno­be­biT, man brwyin­va­le
ga­mar­j­ve­bas mi­aR­wia. es is pe­ri­o­di iyo,
ro­de­sac ad­ri­a­no­pol­Tan gan­c­di­li mZi­me
mar­cxis gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT, im­pe­ra­tor­ma
Te­o­do­si I did­ma pa­les­ti­na­Si ma­nam­de gan­
Tav­se­bu­li ro­ma­u­li le­gi­o­ne­bis na­wi­li
du­na­is­pi­reT­Si ga­da­is­ro­la. ba­kurs dro­
dad­ro ux­de­bo­da Te­o­do­si di­dis mxar­dam­
xar mniS­v­ne­lo­van brZo­leb­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­ba.
am brZo­leb­Si, ro­gorc ir­k­ve­va, mas Tan
ax­l­d­nen pa­les­ti­nis mom­Ta­ba­re arab­Ta­gan
(sar­ki­noz­ni) Sem­d­ga­ri raz­me­bic. sok­ra­te
sqo­las­ti­ko­sis (380-440 ww.) sity­viT, pa­
les­ti­nis sam­xed­ro na­wi­le­bis sar­d­lad
da­ye­ne­bis Sem­deg ibe­ri­e­li uf­lis­wu­li
`stra­ti­la­tob­da maq­si­me ti­ra­nis wi­na­
aR­m­deg war­mo­e­bul om­Si da Te­o­do­si me­fes
ex­ma­re­bo­da~. am da­pi­ris­pi­re­bam, ro­gorc
cno­bi­lia, kul­mi­na­ci­as 388 wlis ag­vis­
to­Si mi­aR­wia da Te­o­do­sis ga­mar­j­ve­biT
das­r ul­d a. ba­k u­r i sar­d­l is (ma­gis­ter
mi­li­tum) ran­g­Si im­pe­ra­to­ris mxar­dam­xar

petre iberis
dakarguli warwera
bir el-qutidan
(V s.)

VI saukunis
warwera
bir el-qutidan

14 istoriani . noemberi 2015

ib­r­Zo­da fri­gi­du­sis cno­bil brZo­la­Sic
(394 w.). is­to­ri­kos zo­si­mes (V-VI ss.) er­Ti
bun­do­va­ni cno­biT, is am brZo­la­Si TiT­qos
da­Ru­pu­la ki­dec, ra­sac sxva av­to­re­bi ar
adas­tu­re­ben. gi­or­gi amar­to­li (IX s.),
ro­me­lic zo­si­mes Txzu­le­bi­dan kreb­da
cno­bebs, sa­ub­robs ti­ran ev­ge­ni­os­ is sik­v­
dil­ze da ara ba­ku­ri­sa­ze. am uka­nas­k­ne­lis
fri­gi­du­sis brZo­la­Si da­Rup­va­ze ara­fers
ityo­bi­ne­bi­an sxva me­ma­ti­a­ne­e­bic (sok­ra­te,
er­mia so­zo­me­ne, pa­u­lus oro­zi­u­si...). ru­
fi­nu­sis, ko­ri­u­nis, mov­ses xo­re­na­ci­sa da
ioane ru­fu­sis cno­be­bis mi­xed­viT, ba­kurs
IV sa­u­ku­nis bo­lo­sa da V sa­u­ku­nis pir­
vel wleb­Si uk­ve qar­T­lis sa­me­fo tax­t­ze
mjdoms vxe­davT.
sa­me­fo gva­riS­vi­lo­ba Ta­na­med­r o­ve­Ta
mxri­dan ba­ku­ris pi­rov­ne­bi­sad­mi in­te­ress
bu­neb­ri­vad zrdi­da, mag­ram ro­gorc ber­
Zen-ro­ma­el av­tor­Ta cno­be­biT ir­k­ve­va,
mis gar­Se­mo myof­Ta yu­radRe­bas ga­mor­
Ce­u­li pi­ra­di Tvi­se­be­bi­Tac im­sa­xu­reb­da.
mi­u­xe­da­vad ami­sa, we­ri­lo­biT wya­ro­eb­Si
da­cu­li cno­be­bi ma­inc sak­ma­od mwi­rad ga­
mo­i­yu­re­ba ba­ku­ris wmin­da mi­wa­ze saq­mi­a­no­
virjilio korbos mier aRmoCenili wminda Teodores qarTvelTa monastris naSTebi bir el-qutSi
bis Se­sa­xeb sru­li su­ra­Tis Se­saq­m­ne­lad.
Tum­ca, vi­ciT, rom es saq­mi­a­no­ba mxo­lod
sam­xed­ro sfe­ro­Ti ar Se­mo­i­far­g­le­bo­da.
ase, ma­ga­li­Tad, 385 wels pa­les­ti­nis ke­sa­
ri­aS
­ i ak­ve­du­ke­bis ga­nax­le­bis faq­ti mas­Tan
un­da iyos da­kav­Si­re­bu­li. ar­qeo­lo­gi­u­ri
mo­na­ce­me­biT, mis dros Cans Se­ke­Te­bu­li
Limes Arabicus-is (mom­Ta­ba­re ara­bu­li to­
me­bis mo­sa­ge­ri­e­be­li sa­sazR­v­ro si­mag­re­
e­bis sis­te­ma) gas­w­v­riv mde­ba­re zo­gi­er­Ti
ro­ma­u­li sa­sazR­v­r o sa­for­ti­fi­ka­cio
na­ge­bo­ba. `moq­ce­vaÁ qar­T­li­saÁs~ cno­biT,
msgavs aR­m­Se­neb­lo­biT saq­mi­a­no­bas ba­ku­ri
mog­vi­a­ne­biT, uk­ve qar­T­lis me­fed myo­fi,
sam­Sob­lo­Sic mis­dev­da _ ker­Zod, mas ga­
nu­ax­le­bia ar­ma­zis si­mag­re­e­bi.
ba­ku­ris cxov­re­bis pa­les­ti­nu­ri pe­ri­
o­di­dan Cven­T­vis yve­la­ze sa­in­te­re­so ma­inc
wmin­da mi­wa­ze myof gan­sw ­ av­lul ada­mi­an­ eb­
Tan mi­si ur­Ti­er­To­bis epi­zo­de­bia. we­ri­
lo­bi­Ti wya­ro­e­bis cno­ba­Ta Ta­nax­mad, is
iq da­u­ax­lov­da as­ke­tur wres, sxva­das­x­va
dros pi­ra­dad Sex­ved­ria iseT ga­mo­Ce­nil
sa­ek­le­sio mwer­lebs, ro­go­re­bic iy­v­nen
ke­sa­ri­is epis­ko­po­si ge­la­si (†394 w.) da
istoriani . noemberi 2015 15
i beriidan palestinamde

kesariis naqalaqari. ierusalimis kaTedris

rolis gazrdamde, palestinis qristianuli
samwysos meTauris rols kesariis episkoposi
asrulebda

ak­vi­li­e­li xu­ce­si tu­ra­ni­us ru­fi­nu­si.

ba­kur­ma maT mo­uTx­ro mSob­li­u­ri qvey­nis
gaq­ris­ti­a­ne­bis am­ba­vi. mis na­am­bobs ori­ve
av­to­ri TiT­q­mis iden­tu­rad gad­mog­v­cems;
gan­s­x­va­ve­ba mxo­lod is aris, ge­la­si ber­
Z­nu­lad iwer­da, ru­fi­nu­si ki la­Ti­nu­rad.
Ta­ma­mad Se­iZ­le­ba iT­qv­ as, rom ba­ku­ri aris
is pi­rov­ne­ba, ro­mel­mac xse­ne­bu­li mwer­
le­bis meS­ve­o­biT im­d­r o­in­del aR­mo­sav­
leT da da­sav­leT saq­ris­ti­a­no sam­ya­ro­Si
ga­av­r­ce­la wmin­da ni­nos mi­er qar­T­lis
moq­ce­vis is­to­ria. mis­ma am, ueW­ve­lad Seg­
ne­bul­ma, qme­de­bam Sem­d­gom­Si gan­sa­kuT­re­
bu­li Ri­re­bu­le­ba Se­i­Zi­na, `ke­Ti­li me­zob­
le­bis­gan~ qar­Tv­ el­Ta moq­ce­vis WeS­ma­ri­ti
is­to­ri­is ga­yal­be­bis mcde­lo­bis fon­ze.
ba­ku­ri­sa da ge­la­sis Sex­ved­ra ke­sa­ri­a­
Si Sem­Tx­ve­vi­Ti ar yo­fi­la. es is dro iyo,
ro­ca pa­les­ti­nis qris­ti­a­nu­li sam­wy­sos
me­Ta­u­ris rols swo­red ke­sa­ri­is epis­ko­
po­si as­ru­leb­da. rac Se­e­xe­ba ru­fi­nu­si­sa
da ba­ku­ris ur­Ti­er­To­bas, is ukav­Sir­de­ba
ieru­sa­lim­Si, ele­o­nis (ze­Tis­xi­lis) mTa­ze
me­la­nia uf­ro­sis mi­er ga­Se­ne­bul mo­nas­
ters. am sa­va­ne­Si, Zi­ri­Ta­dad, ro­ma­u­li
aris­tok­ra­ti­is wri­dan ga­mo­su­li pi­re­bi
mkvid­rob­d­nen. ru­fi­nu­sis cno­bis Ta­nax­
mad, ieru­sa­lim­Si bi­nad myo­fi `do­mes­
`mefiswuli bakuri da kesariis episkoposi
gelasi, savaraudod, kesariaSi am midamoebSi
xvdebodnen erTmaneTs~ _ ambobs israeleli
mxareTmcodne ilia mazia (suraTze: kesariis
eklesiis naSTebi)
tik­Ta kom­si~ (co­mes do­mes­ti­co­rum) ba­ku­ri
am wres­Tan fri­ad da­ax­lo­e­bu­li yo­fi­la.
me­la­nia uf­ro­sis sa­va­nis zus­ti ad­gil­m­
de­ba­re­o­ba jer­je­ro­biT uc­no­bia. ele­o­nis
mTa­ze, macxov­ris amaR­le­bis ad­gil­Tan
ax­los ar­qe­o­lo­geb­ma or aTe­ul­ze me­ti
sa­mo­nas­t­r o ke­ris naS­Te­bi ga­mo­av­li­nes,
Tum­ca ro­me­li­me maT­ga­nis iden­ti­fi­ci­re­ba
me­la­ni­as sa­va­nes­Tan dRem­de ver mo­xer­x­da.
iyo mcde­lo­ba, ase­Tad mi­eC­ni­aT amaR­le­bis
sa­xe­lo­bis ru­su­li mo­nas­t­ris te­ri­to­
ri­a­ze na­pov­ni na­ge­bo­be­bis naS­Te­bi. mag­ram

16 istoriani . noemberi 2015

es mo­saz­re­bac bo­lom­de ar ga­u­zi­a­re­bi­aT
spe­ci­a­lis­tebs.
ba­ku­ris bi­og­ra­fi­is pa­les­ti­nur pe­ri­
od­Tan Cans da­kav­Si­re­bu­li ieru­sa­li­mi­dan
beT­le­mis­ken mi­ma­va­li gzis si­ax­lo­ves,
bir el-qu­tad cno­bil ad­gil­ze, ga­su­li
sa­u­ku­nis 40-50-ian wleb­Si fran­cis­ka­
ne­li mec­ni­e­ris vir­ji­lio kor­bos mi­er
gaTx­ri­li qar­Tu­li mo­nas­t­ris naS­Te­bi.
ga­ir­k­va, rom wmin­da Te­o­do­re ti­r o­nis
sa­xe­lo­ba­ze age­bul am sa­va­ne­Si qar­T­vel
mo­we­se­ebs VII sa­u­ku­nis pir­vel wle­bam­de
uR­va­wi­aT. ga­naTxar Zeg­l­ze Se­i­niS­ne­bo­da
ara­er­T­je­ra­di ga­nax­le­bis kva­li (u­ka­nas­
k­ne­lad _ VI sa­u­ku­nis Sua xans). ad­gil­ze
aR­mo­Ce­ni­li oTxi mo­za­i­ku­ri war­we­ri­dan
er­Ti spe­ci­a­lis­t­Ta mi­er uc­dom­lad da­
Ta­riR­da VI sa­u­ku­niT, da­nar­Ce­nis asa­ki ki,
rad­ga­nac Ta­vad mo­nas­t­ris age­bis faq­ti
sa­xel­gan­T­q­mu­li pet­re ibe­ris pi­rov­ne­bas
da­u­kav­Si­res, V sa­u­ku­nis 30-40-iani wle­
biT gan­sazR­v­res. am mo­saz­re­bas sim­ya­re
Ses­Zi­na im faq­t­mac, rom am sa­mi war­we­ri­dan
erT-er­T­Si ma­mas­Tan (bur­zen-mihr//buz­mir)
er­Tad mox­se­ni­e­bu­lia Tvi­Ton pet­re ibe­ri
eris­ka­co­bis dro­in­de­li sa­xe­liT (ma­ru­
an//mur­van). aman, Ta­vis mxriv, xe­li Se­uwyo
im Tval­saz­ri­sis Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bas, rom sxva
war­we­ra, sa­dac pet­res pa­pa ba­ku­ria nax­
se­ne­bi vin­me gri-or­miz­d­Tan er­Tad, TiT­
qos ase­ve pet­res Sek­ve­TiT ga­keT­da ima­ve
pe­ri­od­Si. Tum­ca, sav­se­biT aS­ka­ra iyo,
rom ba­ku­ris war­we­ra pa­le­og­ra­fi­u­li
niS­ne­biT da­nar­Ce­neb­ze uf­r o ar­qa­u­lad
ga­mo­i­yu­re­bo­da. Cans, es ni­u­an­si Ta­vis
dro­ze gi­or­gi we­re­Tel­mac Se­niS­na, ro­ca
aR­niS­nu­li war­we­re­bis qro­no­lo­gi­u­rad
daj­gu­fe­bas ad­gil­ze na­pov­ni nu­miz­ma­ti­
ku­ri ma­sa­lis Suq­ze Se­e­ca­da. ra­ki­Ra am
ma­sa­la­Si, sxveb­Tan er­Tad, im­pe­ra­to­re­bis
_ va­len­ti­ni­a­nus II-isa (375-392 ww.) da
anas­ta­si­us I-is (491-518 ww.) mo­ne­te­bi aR­
moC­n­da, gi­or­gi we­re­Tel­mac lo­gi­ku­rad
da­uS­va az­ri war­we­re­bis maT Ta­nad­ro­u­lad
Seq­m­na­ze. Sal­va nu­cu­bi­Zis das­k­v­na uf­ro
ka­te­go­ri­u­li iyo. is mo­nas­t­ris age­bas
ba­ku­ris sa­xels ukav­Si­reb­da, pet­re ki am
sa­va­nis mxo­lod gan­ma­ax­leb­lad esa­xe­bo­da.
ba­ku­ris war­we­ra­sac aR­niS­nu­li mec­ni­e­ri
IV sa­u­ku­niT aTa­ri­Reb­da. mog­vi­a­ne­biT am
Tval­saz­riss me­ti sim­t­ki­ce Ses­Zi­na ele­ne
met­re­vel­ma, ro­mel­mac im ga­re­mo­e­bas mi­
apy­ro yu­radRe­ba, rom war­we­ra­Si ba­ku­ri
jer ki­dev cocx­lad myo­fi ix­se­ni­e­ba. Tu
amas da­vu­ma­tebT im faq­t­sac, rom ba­ku­ri
war­we­ra­Si sa­me­fo re­ga­li­e­bis ga­re­Sea mox­
se­ni­eb­ u­li, sav­se­biT Seg­viZ­lia vir­wm­ u­noT
is az­ri, rom war­we­rac da mo­nas­te­ric 395
wlam­de, ba­ku­ris wmin­da mi­wa­ze moR­va­we­o­
bis pe­ri­od­Sia Seq­m­ni­li.
ba­ku­ris wmin­da mi­wa­ze moR­va­we­o­bis pe­
ri­od­sa­ve ukav­Sir­de­ba mi­si ur­Ti­er­To­ba
ga­mo­Ce­nil si­ri­el ne­op­la­to­ni­kos so­fis­
t­Tan, li­ba­ni­os­Tan (314-393 ww.). Cve­nam­de
mo­aR­wia li­ba­ni­o­sis 392 wliT da­Ta­ri­Re­
bul­ma we­ri­leb­ma, sa­i­da­nac vi­gebT, rom
ba­kurs im dro­is aRi­a­re­bul brZen­kac­Tan
aq­ti­u­ri mi­mo­we­ra hqon­da da ima­ve wlis
zafxul­Si pi­ra­dad swve­via li­ba­ni­oss
an­ti­o­qi­a­Si. aR­niS­nul­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT,
war­sul­Si spe­ci­a­lis­tebs cxa­re ka­ma­Ti
hqon­daT ba­ku­ris re­li­gi­u­ri mrwam­si­sa
da msof­l­m­xed­ve­lo­bis ra­o­bis sa­kiTx­
ze. mag­ram es cal­ke gan­xil­vis Te­maa da
wi­nam­de­ba­re we­ril­Si mas­ze mkiTx­ve­lis
yu­radRe­bas aRar Se­va­Ce­rebT. yve­la­ze ukeT
ba­ku­ris pi­rov­ne­bis sa­in­te­re­so da­xa­si­aT­ e­
ba ru­fi­nu­sis la­ko­ni­ur cno­ba­Sia gad­mo­
ce­mu­li. am cno­bis mi­xed­viT, ieru­sa­lim­Si
myo­fi ibe­ri­el ­ i me­fis­wu­li Tur­me `Ta­nab­
rad zru­nav­da ro­gorc mor­w­mu­ne­o­ba­ze, ise
WeS­ma­ri­te­ba­ze~. Ta­ma­mad Se­iZ­le­ba iT­q­vas,
rom ba­ku­ri IV sa­uk­ u­nis yve­la­ze cno­bi­li
qar­T­ve­lia ga­re sam­ya­ro­Si. am mxriv mas
tipuri romauli forti Limes Arabicus-is xazze
istoriani . noemberi 2015 17
i beriidan palestinamde
nazareTis xarebis kaTolikuri taZari, romelSic
qarTuli piligrimuli grafitebi aRmoaCines
Se­iZ­le­ba mxo­lod mi­si sa­xe­lo­va­ni Svi­
liS­vi­li _ pet­re ibe­ri Se­va­da­roT.
ro­ca wmin­da mi­wa­ze mox­ved­ril pir­vel
qar­T­ve­leb­ze vsa­ub­robT, uTu­od mxed­ve­
lo­ba­Sia mi­sa­Re­bi fran­cis­ka­ne­li ar­qe­
o­lo­gis, be­lar­mi­no ba­ga­tis mi­er ga­sul
sa­u­ku­ne­Si na­za­re­Tis xa­re­bis ka­To­li­kur
ta­Zar­Si aR­mo­Ce­ni­li qar­Tu­li pi­lig­ri­mu­
li gra­fi­te­bic. spe­ci­al ­ is­te­bi maT zo­ga­
dad V sa­u­ku­nis me­o­re me­oTxe­diT aTa­ri­
Re­ben. es gra­fi­te­bi mow­mo­ben qar­T­vel­Ta
mxri­dan wmin­da mi­wa­ze mom­loc­ve­lo­bi­Ti
tra­di­ci­is siZ­ve­le­ze, rom­lis sa­Ta­ve­e­bi
uk­ve IV sa­u­ku­ne­Sia sa­gul­ve­be­li. pet­re
ibe­ris `cxov­re­ba­Si~ da­cu­li cno­be­biT
vi­gebT, rom ieru­sa­lim­Si mis­v­las geg­
mav­da pet­re ibe­ris de­da, daq­v­ri­ve­bu­li
de­do­fa­li ba­kur­dux­ti; ima­ves nat­r ob­
da qar­T­lis me­fe ar­Ci­li, um­c­r o­si Zma
ze­mox­se­ne­bu­li ba­ku­ri­sa. Ta­vad pet­res
mi­er uf­lis qa­laq­Si qar­T­ve­li mom­loc­
ve­le­bis­T­vis sas­tum­r o sax­le­bis Se­ne­
bis faq­tic mrav­lis­mety­ve­lia. qar­Tul
sa­is­to­rio tra­di­ci­as ax­sovs vax­tang
gor­gas­li­sa da sa­me­fo oja­xis sxva wev­
r­Ta ieru­sa­lim­Si stum­ro­bac. `Su­Sa­ni­kis
18 istoriani . noemberi 2015
mar­t­vi­lo­ba­Si~ mo­ce­mu­li er­Ti epi­zo­di
(keT­ro­va­ni spar­si qa­lis gan­kur­ne­bis am­ba­
vi) ki ima­Sic gvar­wm­ u­nebs, rom V sa­uk­ u­nis
Su­a­guls ibe­ri­i­dan So­re­ul pa­les­ti­na­Si
wmin­da ad­gi­le­bis mo­sa­lo­cad gam­g­zav­re­ba
uk­ve Cve­u­leb­riv mov­le­nad ga­ni­xi­le­bo­da.
dro ga­di­o­da da wmin­da mi­wa­ze qar­T­ve­li
mo­we­se­e­bis ricx­vic iz­r­de­bo­da. wmin­da qa­
laq ieru­sa­li­mis­ken sa­va­li gza uk­ve di­di
xnis gak­va­lu­li iyo. maT­T­vis es aRar iyo
uwin­de­li­viT So­re­u­li da ucxo mxa­re.
qris­ti­a­ni qar­T­ve­lo­ba mas uk­ve sa­ku­Ta­ri
sju­lis sam­Sob­lod aRiq­vam­da.
vax­tang gor­ga­sa­li da
mal­xe­li gur­je­bis is­to­ria
gad­mo­ce­miT, vax­tang gor­gas­lis ieru­
sa­lim­Si stum­r o­bas­Ta­naa da­kav­Si­re­bu­li
aw uk­ve na­sof­lar mal­xas da­ar­se­bis is­
to­ri­ac. de­da­sa da das­Tan _ sag­dux­t­sa
da xu­a­ran­Zes­Tan er­Tad ieru­sa­lim­Si mi­
sul vax­tang gor­ga­sals, jvris mo­nas­t­
ris mter­Ta­gan da­sa­ca­vad, mi­si Tan­m­x­le­
bi raz­mis wev­re­bis­gan ad­gil­ze TiT­qos
mci­re gar­ni­zo­ni Se­uq­m­nia. de­ka­noz pet­re
kon­WoS­vi­lis cno­be­bis mi­xed­viT, swo­red
ma­Ti STa­mo­mav­le­bi iy­v­nen jvris mo­nas­ter­
Tan ax­los, e.w. var­dis Re­le­Si ar­se­bu­li
sof­lis _ mal­xis mkvid­r­ni, rom­le­bic
im dro­is­T­vis (XIX-XX sa­u­ku­ne­e­bis mij­
na) Tavs gur­je­bad mo­ix­se­ni­eb­d­nen, Tum­ca
ki mSob­li­u­ri ena da sar­w­mu­no­e­ba uk­ve
da­viwye­bu­li hqo­ni­aT. gar­Se­mo myof­Ta­gan
mxo­lod am mal­xe­lebs hqo­ni­aT mo­nas­tr ­ is
kuT­v­ni­li min­d­v­re­bi­Ta da zvre­biT sar­geb­
lo­bis uf­le­ba. isi­ni mo­nas­ters Se­mo­sav­
lis mxo­lod me­sa­med na­wils aZ­lev­d­nen.
1948 wels, is­ra­el-pa­les­ti­nis sa­o­ma­
ri da­pi­ris­pi­re­bi­sas, so­fe­li mal­xa omis
Su­a­gul­Si mo­eq­ca, ris ga­moc mis­ma mkvid­
reb­ma (sul 2 250 mcxov­re­bi) da­sax­le­ba
mi­a­to­ves da Ta­vi ior­da­ni­as Se­a­fa­res. mas
Sem­deg, vid­re Cvens drom­de, mal­xe­le­bis
kva­li aRar­sad Can­da.
aTi­o­de wlis win gri­gol fe­ra­Zis dRi­
u­riT dak­va­li­a­ne­bu­li qar­T­vel mec­ni­er­Ta
eq­s­pe­di­cia (xel­m­ZR­va­ne­li Ta­mi­la mga­
lob­liS­vi­li) beT­lem­Si ga­da­awy­da jvris
mo­nas­t­ris uka­nas­k­ne­li mal­xe­li mek­li­
israel-palestinis omis Sedegad daclili sofeli malxa (1949 w.)

tu­ris xan­daz­mul STa­mo­ma­vals, rom­lis­ mi­si wi­nap­re­bis sam­Sob­lo Turme sa­qar­

ga­nac eq­s­pe­di­ci­is wev­reb­ma sa­gu­lis­x­mo T­ve­lo yo­fi­la. ase iq­ca sa­ja al-ba­Sa
in­for­ma­cia Ca­i­we­res. sul ram­de­ni­me dRis `pir­vel mer­cx­lad~ be­dis ukuR­mar­To­biT
win ki, Cvenc gav­x­diT mow­me sa­si­am­ ov­no faq­ ga­u­Ci­na­re­bu­li mal­xe­li gur­je­bis qar­
ti­sa. ker­Zod, in­ter­net­q­se­lis meS­ve­o­biT Tul sam­ya­r os­Tan gawy­ve­ti­li kav­Si­ris
mo­i­Zeb­na 1948 wels sof­li­dan iZu­le­biT aR­d­ge­nis gza­ze...
ay­ri­li malxelebis STa­mo­ma­va­li go­go­na, be­sik xur­ci­la­va
sa­ja al-ba­Sa. pir­ve­li­ve kiTx­va­ze, ici­an stu doq­to­ran­ti, mos­wav­le axal­gaz­
Tu ara rai­me mis­ma uax­lo­es­ma wi­nap­reb­ma r­do­bis erov­nu­li sa­sax­lis is­to­ri­i­sa
(ba­bu­am an di­de­dam) sa­ku­Tar war­mo­mav­lo­ da eT­nog­ra­fi­is gan­yo­fi­le­bis gam­ge
ba­ze, iyo pa­su­xi: `i­si­ni am­bo­ben, rom ari­an
gur­je­bis STa­mo­mav­le­bi ior­da­ni­i­dan~!
malxeli
Sem­deg kiTx­va­ze, ic­nobs Tu ara is sxva gurjebis
msgavs mal­xe­lebs, pa­su­xi ase­ve da­de­bi­Ti STamomavali,
iyo. ga­ir­k­va, rom mSob­li­u­ri mxa­ri­dan ramaleli
ay­ri­li mal­xe­le­bis di­di na­wi­li dRes saja al-baSa
ior­da­ni­is mkvid­ria, zo­gi­er­Ti cxov­robs
pa­les­ti­nis av­to­no­mi­is qa­la­qeb­Si _ ra­ma­
la­Si, beT­lem­sa da be­iT sa­hur­Si, ev­ro­pis
qvey­neb­sa da ame­ri­kis SeerTebul Stateb­
Sic. am­Ja­mad mim­di­na­re­obs am ada­mi­a­ne­bis
ko­or­di­na­te­bis da­zus­te­ba. in­for­ma­ci­am
gur­ji­sa da qar­T­ve­lis cne­ba­Ta iden­to­bis
Se­sa­xeb ra­ma­le­li go­go­nas jer ga­o­ce­ba da
Sem­deg di­di aRel­ve­ba ga­mo­iw­via. man ima­ve
dRes Ta­vis nac­nob-ax­lob­lebs aRtacebiT
am­c­no, rom pa­les­ti­na­Si da­sax­le­bam­de

istoriani . noemberi 2015 19