l egendebSi gadasuli istoria

`jvaris
guSagni~
malxeli
gurjebis
nakvalevze
nawili II
aidas ltolvilTa banakSi: fatima avadi
SviliSvils gadascems malxaSi darCenili
saxlis gasaRebs. malxelebi Tavisi saxl-
karis gasaRebebs dRemde inaxaven. es gasaRebebi
maTTvis Sin dabrunebis simbolod gadaiqca

gavrcelebuli azriT, soflis saxeli malxa (al-malxa) arabulia da niSnavs

marilians. mas zogjer al-malixad an malixa al-suRradac (arab. mcire,
patara) moixsenieben. mecnierTa azriT, malxis dasaxleba bibliaSi naxsenebi
qanaanelTa qalaqis, manaxatis adgilas mdebareobs da gviandeli dasaxlebis
saxeli _ malxa/malixa, winamorbedi dasaxlebis saxelwodebis, manaxatis
arabul yaidaze transformirebul formas warmoadgens.

mal­xel­Ta sev­di­a­ni mal­Ta re­gi­on­Si ga­ba­to­ne­bi­sas Cnde­ba. is

is­to­ri­is fur­c­le­bi
arc ad­re­u­li ara­bu­li ba­to­no­bis xa­
nis, arc jva­ros­ne­bi­sa da eg­vip­te­li sul­
T­ne­bis re­gi­on­Si he­ge­mo­no­bis dro­in­del
we­ri­lo­biT wya­r o­eb­Si es to­po­ni­mi ar
Cans. gvaqvs ara­bi me­ma­ti­a­nis ba­ha ad-din
ibn Sa­da­dis (1145-1234) cno­ba sa­lah ad-
din­Tan 1192 wels Ta­mar me­fis­gan gag­zav­
nil el­C­ze, ro­mel­mac sul­Tans mo­ax­se­na
ieru­sa­lim­Si qar­T­vel­Ta kuT­v­nil wmin­da
ad­gi­leb­ze da ag­reT­ve Ta­vi­an­Ti da­sax­le­
bu­li ad­gi­le­bis Se­sa­xeb. ki­dev er­Ti ara­
bi av­to­ris, ibn fadl al­lah al-uma­ris
(1301-1349) cno­biT, sul­Tan­ma 1347 wels
ne­ba dar­To qar­T­vel be­rebs, jvris mo­
nas­t­ris max­lob­lad mde­ba­re ro­me­li­Rac
sof­li­dan Se­mo­sav­liT esar­geb­laT. ro­
gorc ar­qe­o­lo­gi de­nis prin­g­li fiq­robs,
aq Se­saZ­loa swo­red mal­xa igu­lis­x­me­bo­
des. so­fe­li kon­k­re­tu­li sa­xel­wo­de­biT
(ma­li­xa al-suR­ra _ arab. mci­re ma­li­xa)
we­ri­lo­biT sa­bu­Teb­Si pir­ve­lad Turq-os­
im dros os­ma­le­Tis im­pe­ri­is Se­mad­ge­nel
ad­mi­nis­t­ra­ci­ul er­Te­ul­Si _ ieru­sa­
li­mis na­hi­e­Si (li­va­Si) iricxe­bo­da. 1596
wels Sed­ge­ni­li os­ma­lu­ri sa­ga­da­sa­xa­do
dav­T­ris mo­na­ce­me­biT, so­fel­Si sul 286
mo­sax­le yo­fi­la, rom­le­bic ga­da­sa­xads
xor­b­liT, qe­riT, ze­Tis­xi­liT, xe­xi­lis
na­yo­fiT, Txe­bi­Ta da fut­k­ris oja­xe­biT
ix­did­nen.
mom­dev­no sa­mi sa­u­ku­nis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si
sof­lis mkvid­r­Ta ricx­vi rom gan­sa­kuT­re­
bu­lad ar gaz­r­di­la, amas mow­mobs fran­gi
swav­lu­lis, viq­tor ge­re­nis cno­ba, rom
mal­xa­Si 1868 wlis­T­vis sul ra­Rac 200
mo­sax­le iyo. im­d­r o­in­de­li mog­za­u­re­bi
(ed­vard ro­bin­so­ni, 1832 w.; ma­ri eli­za
ro­jer­si, 1862 w.; viq­tor ge­re­ni, 1868
w.) XIX sa­u­ku­nis 30-60-ian wleb­Si, mal­
xas ci­ca­bo go­ra­kis Txem­ze Se­fe­nil erT
mci­re sof­lad war­mog­vid­ge­nen. im dros
iq uk­ve mdga­ra me­Ce­Tic. umar ibn al-xat­
ta­bis sa­xe­lo­bis XIX sa­u­ku­ne­Si age­bu­li

46 istoriani . ivnisi 2016

umoq­me­do me­Ce­Ti mi­na­re­Ti­TurT dRe­sac
dgas so­fel­Si. me­Ce­Tis si­ax­lo­ves v. ge­rens
al-bur­jad wo­de­bu­li Zve­li (ro­gorc is
wers, jva­ros­ne­bam­de­li, mag­ram ara an­ti­
ku­ri dro­i­sa) koS­ki uxi­lavs. 1850 wels
mal­xa­Si hqo­nia da­de­bu­li bi­na ieru­sa­
li­mis mTeb­Si erT-er­Ti av­to­ri­te­tu­li
gva­ris _ al-Sa­i­xas oja­xo­bas. mal­xa­sa
da mis Se­mo­ga­ren­Si gvxvde­ba ada­mi­an­Ta
sad­go­mi Zve­li ga­moq­va­bu­le­bic.
war­mo­So­biT mal­xe­li swav­lu­lis, isa
ala­nis cno­biT, ar­se­bobs le­gen­da sof­lis
sa­xel­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT, rom­lis mi­xed­viT,
sof­lis me­Ce­Tis mSe­neb­lo­bi­sas Se­no­bis sa­
Zir­k­vel­Si wya­li Cam­d­ga­ra. is max­lob­lad
mde­ba­re wya­ro­dan Jo­nav­da Tur­me. mSe­neb­
lebs wya­ro­Si did­Za­li ma­ri­li Ca­uy­ri­aT,
ris Se­de­gad wya­ro dam­la­Se­bu­la da sas­
me­lad sru­li­ad ga­mo­u­sa­de­ga­ri gam­x­da­ra.
so­fel­sac TiT­qos aqe­dan da­um­k­vid­r­da sa­
xe­lad al-ma­li­xa (ma­ri­li­a­ni). mal­xel­Ta
xsov­na­Si Se­mo­na­xu­li es Tqmu­le­ba Ri­re­bu­
lia Sem­de­gi Tval­saz­ri­siT: go­ra­kis Zir­Si
mde­ba­re Zve­li mal­xi­dan sof­lis mkvid­r­Ta
go­ra­kis Tav­ze ga­da­nac­v­le­ba (ro­gorc
sta­ti­is I na­wil­Si uk­ve aRi­niS­na), maT
ga­mah­ma­di­a­ne­bas un­da moh­yo­lo­da. axal
ad­gi­las aSe­ne­bu­li na­ge­bo­be­bi­dan erT- kar-midamo malxaSi
er­Ti pir­ve­li swo­red me­Ce­Ti iq­ne­bo­da. zogierT ezoSi moCans siZveleTa naSTebi
1596 wlis os­ma­lur sa­buT­Si rom so­fe­li
pir­w­min­dad ara­bu­li sa­xe­liT mo­ix­se­ni­e­ba,
es imis mow­mo­baa, rom am dros mal­xe­li
gur­je­bi ara­Tu ga­mah­ma­di­a­ne­bu­li, ara­med
uk­ve de­eT­ni­ze­bu­lic (ga­a­ra­be­bu­li) iy­v­
nen. sof­lis mci­red, pa­ta­rad mox­se­ni­eb­ is
faq­ti gan­mas­x­va­ve­be­li ni­Sa­ni Cans uf­ro
vrce­li, al­baT go­ra­kis Zir­Si mi­to­ve­bu­li
da­sax­le­bis­gan, sa­dac, ro­gorc vi­ciT, Ta­
vis dro­ze ek­le­sia id­ga. le­gen­da gvex­ma­re­
ba imis dad­ge­na­Si, rom mal­xe­li gur­je­bi
1596 wlam­de ga­mah­ma­di­an­dn­ en; sa­va­ra­u­dod,
aq oto­man­Ta ba­to­no­bis dam­ya­re­bis­Ta­na­ve.
am­de­nad, ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vi­lis ieru­sa­lim­Si
stum­r o­bi­sas mal­xe­le­bi uk­ve 200 wlis
ga­mus­li­me­bu­li yo­fi­l an da ra ga­sak­
vi­ria, rom am erT mu­Wa xalxs im dros
mSob­li­u­ri qar­Tu­li enac da­viwye­bu­li
hqo­no­daT?! swo­red is­la­mi­za­ci­is Ta­nam­dev
de­eT­ni­za­ci­as un­da moh­yo­lo­da sof­lis­
T­vis ara­bu­lad tran­s­for­mi­re­bu­li sa­xe­

istoriani . ivnisi 2016 47

l egendebSi gadasuli istoria
lis al-ma­li­xa (an mal­xa) dam­k­vid­re­bac.
sam­wu­xa­r od, uc­no­bia, ras uwo­deb­d­nen
so­fels ma­nam­de mi­si qris­ti­a­ni mkvid­r­ni.
sof­lis de­mog­ra­fi­u­li mdgo­ma­re­o­
ba ra­di­ka­lu­rad ic­v­le­ba XIX sa­u­ku­
nis uka­nas­k­nel me­oTxe­di­dan. 1883 wlis
mdgo­ma­re­o­biT, mo­sax­le­o­bis ricx­vi uk­ve
ga­or­ma­ge­bu­lia; aleq­san­d­re ca­ga­re­li im
dros aq 600 su­lis ar­se­bo­ba­ze uTi­Tebs.
mom­dev­no 65 wlis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si ki Se­i­
niS­ne­ba sof­lis mo­sax­le­o­bis ra­o­de­no­bis
uC­ve­u­lod swra­fi zrda: 1922 wels _ 1.038
su­li, 1931 wels _ 1.410 su­li (so­fel­Si am
dros 299 sax­li aRi­ricxe­bo­da, mkvid­r­Ta
So­ris ki 8 qris­ti­a­nic eria al sa­he­ris
gva­ri­dan), 1945 wels _ 1.940 su­li, 1948
wels _ 2.250 su­li. sa­zo­ga­dod, aR­niS­
nu­li pe­ri­o­dis pa­les­ti­nis de­mog­ra­fi­
is­T­vis da­ma­xa­si­a­Te­bel am uc­na­ur faqts
Ta­na­med­ro­ve mkvlev­re­bi (mag., b. mo­ri­si, r.
kar­ka, m. oren-nor­d­he­i­mi, a. plas­ko­vi da
sxv.) imiT xsni­an, rom mTe­li XIX sa­uk­ u­
nis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si pa­les­ti­nis mi­wa-wyal­ze
aTe­u­la­Ta­so­biT maR­ri­be­li, eg­vip­te­li,
bos­ni­e­li, qur­Ti Tu sxva mod­g­mis ko­lo­
nis­te­bis mZlav­ri na­ka­di Se­mo­e­di­ne­bo­da.
bev­r­ma maT­gan­ma aq axa­li da­sax­le­be­bi
48 istoriani . ivnisi 2016
sofelSi
dRemdea
SemorCenili
Zveli
yoreebiT,
vaziTa da
xexiliT
damSvenebuli
ezoebi
Seq­m­na, zo­gic qa­la­qeb­sa da sof­leb­Si
ga­ib­na. ara­bu­li qvey­ne­bi­dan aTa­so­biT mu­
Sa­xe­li Se­mo­iy­va­nes bri­ta­nu­li man­da­tis
pi­ro­beb­Sic; zo­gic sa­ku­Ta­ri ini­ci­at ­ i­viT
Ca­mo­sax­l­da. ama­ve dros, ne­ge­vis udab­no­
da­nac mi­a­Su­res Crdi­lo­e­TiT da­sax­le­bul
ad­gi­lebs be­du­in­ma to­meb­ma da sag­va­re­u­
lo kla­neb­ma.
XIX sa­u­ku­nis uka­nas­k­ne­li me­oTxe­dis
ru­keb­ze ieru­sa­li­mis da­sav­leT pe­ri­fe­ri­
ebs ba­ni ha­sa­nis (`ha­sa­nis Svi­le­bi~) zed­
we­ri­li aqvs. igi ma­qi­lis ara­bu­li kla­nis
erT-erT sub­k­lans (a­rab­Ta no­ma­ti­kur
jgufs) war­mo­ad­gens. mal­xel­Ta dRe­van­de­
li STa­mo­mav­le­bis di­di na­wi­li swo­red am
sub­kl­ ans ukav­Si­rebs Ta­vis war­mo­mav­lo­bas
da ma­Ti wi­nap­re­bis ieru­sa­lim­Si ga­mo­Ce­nas
sul­Tan sa­lah ad-di­nis mbrZa­neb­lo­bis
dro­iT sazR­v­ravs. 1948 wlis 14 iv­liss, eb­
ra­el­Ta da arab­Ta sam­xed­ro da­pi­ris­pi­re­bi­
sas, fron­tis xaz­ze mde­ba­re so­fe­li mal­xa
is­ra­e­lis sam­xed­ro Se­na­er­T­ma `ir­gun­ma~
brZo­liT da­i­ka­va. Se­Si­ne­bul­ma mo­sax­le­o­bam
so­fe­li uk­ve ma­nam­de, 12 ap­rils da­to­va da
Ta­vi beT­le­mis mxa­res Se­a­fa­ra. ga­u­kac­ri­e­
le­bu­li mal­xa 15 iv­liss mTli­a­nad eb­ra­u­li
mxa­ris kon­tr ­ o­lis qveS ga­da­vi­da. mog­vi­a­
ne­biT sof­lis mi­to­ve­bul kar-mi­da­mo­eb­Si
era­ye­li da se­far­di eb­ra­el ­ o­ba Ca­sax­ld ­ a.
uka­nas­kn­ el wleb­Si mal­xis mi­da­mo­eb­ i is­ra­
e­lis de­da­qa­la­qis aq­ti­ur ­ i ga­na­Se­ni­an­ e­bis
zo­nad iq­ca. yo­fi­li ara­bu­li so­fe­li da mi­
si sa­var­gu­le­bi (mi­wis sa­er­To far­To­biT _
13.449 ara­bu­li du­na­mi (a­nu 1.3449 heq­ta­ri),
ieru­sa­li­mis cen­tr ­ is erT-erT pres­ti­Jul
ub­nad Ca­mo­ya­lib­da. sta­tis­ti­ku­ri mo­na­ce­
me­biT, dev­ni­lo­ba­Si myof mal­xel­Ta sa­er­To
ricx­vi am­Ja­mad 14 aTass aRe­ma­te­ba.
ras mog­viTx­ro­ben
mal­xel gur­j­Ta STa­mo­mav­le­bi
ze­m oT moTx­r o­b i­l i is­t o­r ia uk­ve
gva­gu­eb­da im sam­wu­xa­ro re­a­lo­bas, rom
xal­xis am mTli­an ma­sa­Si qar­Tu­li war­
mo­So­bis mal­xel­Ta ricx­vi im­de­nad mci­re
un­da yo­fi­li­yo, rom Cve­ni mxri­dan ma­Ti ga­
mov­le­nis mcde­lo­ba uime­do saq­med Can­da.
prob­le­mis srul­fa­so­va­ni ana­li­zis­T­vis
ki auci­le­be­li iyo mal­xel­Ta STa­mo­mav­
le­bis mo­Zi­e­ba da ma­Ti ga­mo­kiTx­va. lo­gi­
ku­rad, Se­uZ­le­be­lic ki iyo, 67 wlis win
sof­li­dan ay­ri­li mal­xe­le­bi uk­va­lod
gam­q­ra­liy­v­nen. da­sa­xu­li amo­ca­nis ga­da­
sawy­ve­tad in­ter­net­ze uke­Te­si sa­Su­a­le­ba
arc Can­da da Cvenc swo­red mi­si meS­ve­o­biT
da­va­de­qiT da­kar­gul mal­xel­Ta kvals.
isi­nic nel-ne­la, er­Ti­me­o­ris mi­yo­le­biT
ga­mo­vid­nen kon­taq­t­ze.
sa­kiTxis Ses­wav­la da­viwyeT mal­xel­
Ta sag­va­re­u­lo Te­me­bis dad­ge­niT, ra­Sic
dag­vex­ma­ra war­mo­So­biT mal­xe­li swav­lu­
li isa ala­ni. mal­xel­Ta sag­va­re­u­lo­e­bia
fav­q­seh, ja­va­riS (jva­riS), ma­la, al uq,
ha­r a­Tin, sa­faf­reh, abu qaml, dar­v iS.
Ti­To­e­u­li es sag­va­re­u­lo Te­mi ram­de­ni­
me mci­re Tu moz­r­dil gvars aer­Ti­a­nebs.
mal­xel­Ta STa­mo­mav­leb­Si gav­r­ce­le­bu­li
az­riT, ro­gorc ze­moT aR­v­niS­neT, yve­la
maT­ga­ni ba­ni ha­sa­nis mod­g­mas war­mo­ad­
gens, ro­mel­sac TiT­qos sul­Tan­ma sa­lah
ad-din­ma mis­ca sam­k­vid­rod ieru­sa­li­mis
da­sav­le­TiT mde­ba­re 9 so­fe­li da maT
So­ris, mal­xac. zo­gi­er­Ti res­pon­den­ti
uTi­Tebs era­yis qa­laq na­jaf­ze, sa­i­da­nac
gad­mo­sax­l­da es to­mi pa­les­ti­na­Si; zo­gic
li­bi­a­sa da ma­ro­ko­ze.
sawyi­si, daz­ver­vi­Ti xa­si­a­Tis ga­mo­
kiTx­vis Sem­deg Cve­ni ar­Ce­va­ni ja­va­ri­Sis
sag­va­re­u­lo klan­ze Se­Cer­da. res­pon­den­
t­Ta sak­ma­od far­To wris ga­mo­kiTx­vis
Se­de­gad dad­gin­da am sag­va­re­u­lo klan­Si
ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bu­li gva­re­bi: al ba­Sa, sa­la­ma,
al he­lu, aj­jaj, far­han, ava­ad, al qam,
ri­zeq (ra­zeq), lut­fi, aT­man, TaS­Ta, eid,
odeh, ba­sim, abu da­i­es. sxva sag­va­re­u­lo­
eb­Si gvxvde­ba Sem­de­gi gva­re­bi: qa­Ta­miS,
hme­i­dan, fa­raj, ra­ma­dan, asa­ad, aT­raS,
da­ud, Sa­ra­rah, Sa­ra­faT, al xa­tib, xa­sav­
neh, abu sa­mix, mu­a­la, bar­xum, ha­naS, sa­i­da,
na­reS da sxv. ja­va­ri­Sis sa­xe­liT cno­bi­
lia ne­ge­vis udab­nos mkvid­ri be­du­i­ne­bis
erT-er­Ti to­mi, ro­me­lic XX sa­u­ku­nis
da­sawyis­Si Crdi­lo­e­TiT gad­mo­nac­v­l­da da
aqa­ur sof­leb­sa da qa­la­qeb­Si cxov­re­bis
bi­na­dar wes­ze ga­da­vi­da. gan­sa­kuT­re­biT
kom­paq­tu­rad isi­ni qa­laq ram­les ga­re­u­
ban­Si ari­an war­mod­ge­ni­li; uba­ni dRe­sac
ma­Ti sa­xe­liT aris cno­bi­li. TiT­qos aq
yve­la­fe­ri na­Te­li iyo, mag­ram sa­fuZ­v­li­
an eWvs aCen­da is ga­re­mo­e­ba, rom mal­xe­li
ja­va­ri­Se­bi ka­te­go­ri­u­lad uar­yof­d­nen
ne­ge­ve­li be­du­i­ne­bis xse­ne­bul tom­Tan ma­
Ti mxri­dan ge­ne­ti­kur kav­Sirs. qve­moT am
da sxva Cven­T­vis sa­in­te­re­so sa­kiTxe­bis
sa­i­lus­t­ra­ci­od mo­viy­vanT mal­xe­li ja­
va­ri­Se­bis sag­va­re­u­los zo­gi­er­Ti wev­ris
naT­q­vams (sti­li da­cu­li­a):
ru­ba al qam ja­va­riS (30 wlis, ama­
devnili malxelebi winaparTa saflavebs
ar iviwyeben...
istoriani . ivnisi 2016 49
l egendebSi gadasuli istoria

ni): `Cven ja­va­ri­Si varT. es sag­va­re­u­lo

sa­xe­lia. mar­Ta­li giTx­raT, ar vi­ci ras
niS­navs es sity­va ara­bu­lad. Ce­mi pi­ra­di
gva­ri al qam ja­va­ri­Sis Se­mad­gen­lo­ba­Si
erT-er­Ti mTa­va­ri gva­ria. ma­ma­Ce­mi da mi­si
da-Zme­bi mal­xa­Si da­i­bad­nen. mag­ram Cve­ni
wi­nap­re­bi odiT­gan mi­waT­moq­me­de­bas mis­
dev­d­nen, ra kav­Si­ri Se­iZ­le­ba gvqo­no­da am
be­du­i­neb­Tan, ver vxvde­bi~.
aiman TaS­Ta ja­va­riS (31 wlis, beT­le­mi):
`me mal­xe­li ja­va­ri­Sis gvars ve­kuT­v­ni.
Cve­ni war­mo­mav­lo­ba ara­na­i­rad ar aris
ruba al qam
javariS da­kav­Si­re­bu­li be­du­in ja­va­ri­Seb­Tan. ba­
bu­a­Ce­mi sul imas am­bob­da, rom Cven mi­wis
mu­Sak­ni da fer­me­re­bi vi­ya­viT odiT­gan.
be­du­i­neb­Tan Cvens kav­Sir­ze mas ara­so­des
uT­q­vams ra­i­me. sag­va­re­u­lo da sa­na­Te­sa­vo
wre­Sic ar msme­nia msgav­si ram~.
mu­sa lut­fi jva­riS (17 wlis, be­ iT
ja­la): `Ce­mi gva­ri lut­fia, jva­ri­Si var.
swo­ ri for­ ma es aris da ara ja­ va­
ri­
Si.
sag­va­re­u­los sa­xe­lia, mas­Si Se­ma­va­li gva­
aiman TaSTa re­bi ki mi­si kla­ne­bia. 93 wlis ba­bua myavs,
javariS Ce­mi sex­nia, Se­iZ­le­ba man ico­des gur­jeb­ze
ra­i­me, mag­ram ava­dobs da asa­kis ga­mo mex­
si­e­re­ba­sac uCi­vis~.
ma­ram odeh ja­va­riS (24 wlis, ra­ma­la):
`bi­Za­Ce­mi ah­mad ja­va­ri­Si (i­gi 50 wli­sa­a)
am­bobs, rom so­fe­li mal­xa Zve­lad ar
iyo sag­va­re­u­lo­e­bad da­yo­fi­li da rom
yve­la es di­di gva­ri (sag­va­re­u­lo) mci­re
gva­re­bi­da­naa war­moq­m­ni­li. is fiq­r obs,
rom so­fel al mal­xa­Si wi­naT nam­d­vi­lad
cxov­rob­d­nen gur­je­bi~.
musa lutfi ja­mal sa­la­ma ja­va­riS (34 wlis, ra­
jvariS ma­la): `me sa­la­ma ja­va­ri­Sis gva­ri­sa var.
ja­va­ri­Sis sag­va­re­u­lo­Si Svi­di an me­ti
gva­ria ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bu­li. stu­den­to­bi­sas me
vik­v­lev­di mal­xas war­suls, ga­mov­kiTxe
bev­ri xan­daz­mu­li mal­xe­li, sa­nam cocx­
le­bi iy­v­nen. am ma­sa­las si­a­mov­ne­biT gad­
mog­cemT, Tu odes­me Sev­x­v­de­biT er­T­ma­neTs.
me Ce­mi ba­bu­i­sa da be­bi­is­gan gad­mo­ce­miT
vi­ci, rom Za­li­an di­di xnis win mal­xa­
Si cxov­rob­d­nen qris­ti­an­Ta oja­xe­bi da
es do­ku­men­tu­rad maqvs da­fiq­si­re­bu­li.
ro­gorc isi­ni mar­w­mu­neb­d­nen, mal­xa­Si
93 wlis
malxeli
nam­d­vi­lad aris Se­mor­Ce­ni­li qris­ti­a­nu­
uxucesi, li kva­li (re­lik­vi­e­bi)... sxva­Ta So­ris,
musa jvariS ri­ze­qi­sa da sa­la­mas oja­xeb­Si um­rav­le­so­

50 istoriani . ivnisi 2016

bas qe­ra Tma, cis­fe­ri Tva­le­bi da TeT­ri
ka­ni aqvT...~
iman far­han ja­va­riS (20 wlis, ra­ma­la):
`Ce­mi gva­ri far­han ja­va­riSs ekuT­v­nis. ma­
ma­Ce­mi am­bobs, rom Cven uwin gur­je­bi vi­ya­
viT. gur­je­bi ru­se­bi (mar­T­l­ma­di­deb­le­bi?
_ b.x.) iy­v­nen. Cvens wi­nap­rebs auSe­ne­bi­aT
jvri­sa da ka­ta­mo­nis mo­nas­t­re­bi. mag­ram
ax­la Cven mah­ma­di­a­ne­bi varT. gur­ji Tu
qar­T­vels niS­nav­da, ar vi­co­di. Cem­T­vis
ad­re ara­vis uT­q­vams amis Se­sa­xeb...~
re­e­mi abu da­i­es ja­va­riS (21 wlis, beT­
le­mi): `ba­bu­a­Ce­mi mal­xe­lia. 87 wli­saa.
gur­jeb­ze vkiTxe, mag­ram ara­fe­ri ax­sovs.
Cem­ma me­o­re ba­bu­am Tur­qu­lic ico­da...
nu­Tu Ce­mi wi­nap­re­bi qar­T­ve­le­bi iy­v­nen?! maram odeh
javariS
ga­og­ne­bu­li var. es Cem­T­vis So­kia...~
re­ha­mo far­han ja­va­riS (23 wlis, be­iT-
sa­fa­fa): `ja­va­ri­Si gva­ria. zo­gi am­bobs,
rom es gva­ri mo­su­lia ru­se­Ti­dan, Se­iZ­le­
ba sadRac so­Wis mxri­dan, mag­ram zus­tad
sa­i­dan, es ara­vin icis. wle­bis win msme­nia,
rom Ce­mi wi­nap­re­bi ro­me­li­Rac sab­Wo­Ta
res­pub­li­ki­dan mo­vid­nen aq. gad­mo­ce­miT
vi­ci, rom Ce­mi di­di ba­bua (wi­na­pa­ri) msa­
xu­rob­da jvris mo­nas­ter­Si; ras ake­Teb­da
iq, ar vi­ci. ojax­Si ga­go­ni­li maqvs isic,
rom mas ekuT­v­no­da mi­wa jvris mo­nas­t­ris
ir­g­v­liv, an­da flob­da mas ra­Rac dro­is
gan­mav­lo­ba­Si da Sem­deg ukan da­ub­ru­na
mo­nas­ters. uf­ro zus­ti de­ta­le­bi Cem­T­
vis uc­no­bi­a~.
sa­ja al ba­Sa ja­va­riS (20 wlis, ra­ma­
la): `Ce­mi gva­ri ja­va­ri­Sis did sag­va­re­u­
reemi abu daies javariSi xSirad stumrobs Sobis
los ekuT­v­nis. de­da­Ce­mi gva­rad far­ha­nia. taZars beTlemSi
Ce­mi be­bia 73 wlis ma­i­sar al qa­mi, war­
mo­So­biT heb­ro­ne­lia. mi­si gar­dac­v­li­li rehamo farhan javariSi (marjvniv) qmar-SvilTan
me­uR­le anu Ce­mi ba­bua mo­ha­mad far­ha­ni da Teodosius kesarielTan (igive aTala hana,
arabi marTlmadidebeli episkoposi) erTad
(gard. 1994 w.) iyo. be­bia am­bobs, rom ja­
va­ri­Sis gva­ri ior­da­ni­is je­ra­Si­dan aris
pa­les­ti­na­Si mo­su­li. mag­ram ior­da­ni­a­Si
sa­i­dan mox­ v­
da, es ki aRar icis. ba­ bua
mo­ha­ma­di am­bob­da, rom Cven sadRac Tur­
qe­Tis mxri­dan varT odes­Rac mo­su­li da
gur­jebs ve­kuT­v­niT. mas, ro­gorc bi­Za­Ce­mi
_ obed far­ha­ni amas am­bobs, xSi­rad uT­q­
vams, rom mi­si di­di ba­bua (wi­na­pa­ri) jvris
mo­nas­ter­Si msa­xu­rob­da, sa­dac is kiTxu­
lob­da bib­li­as. ba­bua fiq­rob­da, rom is
qris­ti­a­ni iyo da Se­iZ­le­ba xu­ce­sic ki.

istoriani . ivnisi 2016 51

l egendebSi gadasuli istoria

Tum­ca, Cven ax­la mah­ma­di­a­ne­bi varT. ba­bu­

is gad­mo­ce­miT, oto­man­Ta im­pe­ri­is dros
gur­je­bis jgu­fi Ca­mo­su­la pa­les­ti­na­Si
qris­ti­a­no­bis ga­sav­r­ce­leb­lad; maT auSe­
ne­bi­aT jvris mo­nas­te­ri da cxov­rob­d­nen
mal­xa­Si. gur­jebs jvris gar­da ki­dev 5
mo­nas­te­ri hqo­ni­aT pa­les­ti­na­Si. ba­bu­is
sity­viT, Cven Tur­me im Zvel dro­Si aR­mo­
sav­le­Tis ek­le­si­as ve­kuT­v­no­diT. Tum­ca,
me ar vi­ci, ras niS­navs es. be­bia ma­i­sa­ric
ar flobs zust in­for­ma­ci­as gur­je­bis
vi­na­o­ba­ze~.
res­pon­den­t­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba, ro­gorc
vxe­davT, axal­gaz­r­daa. uf­r o­si Ta­o­bis
mal­xe­le­bi in­ter­net­mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta So­
ris nak­le­bad ari­an. um­rav­le­si maT­ga­ni
mSob­li­ur ­ is gar­da sxva enebs ar flobs.
am­de­nad, am axal­gaz­r­deb­ma Cven­sa da maT
saja So­ris Su­a­ma­val­Ta ro­li it­vir­Tes. bev­r­
al baSa ma maT­gan­ma am pro­ces­Si pir­ve­lad Se­ityo
javariS So­re­u­l i, uc­n o­b i wi­n ap­re­b is Se­s a­xeb.
sxva­Ta So­ris, is, rac sa­ja al ba­Sam mog­
viTx­ro Ta­vi­si qar­Tu­li war­mo­mav­lo­bis
Se­sa­xeb, bi­Za­mis­ma obed far­han­ma 2 wliT
ad­re uam­bo gids israelidan, ev­ge­nia sa­pa­
e­vas. am faq­t­ma Cve­ni in­for­ma­ci­is wya­ros
san­do­o­ba ga­am­ya­ra.
mal­xel­Ta gad­m o­c e­m eb­S i bev­r i ram
le­gen­da­ru­lia, zog­jer dro­Si ac­de­ni­
lic, mag­ram far­han ja­va­riS­Ta So­re­u­li
wi­nap­ris jvris mo­nas­ter­Si msa­xu­re­bas­
Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT une­bu­rad gvax­sen­de­ba
ev­r o­pe­li pi­lig­ri­mis, fe­liqs fab­ris
er­Ti cno­ba, mis dros (1480-1483) jvris
mo­nas­ter­Si qar­T­ve­li be­re­bis co­leb­
Tan er­Tad cxov­re­bis Se­sa­xeb. mal­xel­Ta
mo­n aTx­r obs san­d o­o­b as hma­t ebs ma­Ti
mxri­dan sa­qar­T­ve­los, ro­gorc qvey­nis
malaq basim javariSi dRemde daiSas ltolvilTa
banakSi cxovrobs ar­cod­nac. an ki sa­i­dan un­da xso­me­bo­daT,
maisar alqami (marjvniv) da misi da
ro­ca sa­qar­T­ve­lo XIX-XX sa­u­ku­ne­e­bis
msof­lio po­li­ti­kur ru­ka­ze xan ru­se­
Tis im­pe­ri­is, xa­nac sab­Wo­Ta kav­Si­ris
kon­t u­re­b iT iyo ga­d a­fa­r u­l i?! mi­u­xe­
da­vad ami­sa, res­pon­den­t­Ta mo­naTx­r o­bi
gvar­w­mu­nebs, rom maT uax­lo­es wi­nap­rebs
ma­inc swo­ri ori­en­ta­cia hqon­daT is­to­
ri­u­l i sam­S ob­l os ad­g il­m­d e­b a­re­o­b is
gan­sazR­v­ri­sas.
Se­iZ­le­ba Cven mar­T­lac da­vag­vi­a­neT,
mag­ram faq­tia, rom mal­xe­li gur­je­bis

52 istoriani . ivnisi 2016

STa­m o­m av­l e­b i uk­va­l od ar gam­q­r a­l an.
ma­Ti kom­paq­tu­ri jgu­fe­bis xil­va je­rac
Se­saZ­le­be­lia beT­lem­Tan da ra­ma­las­
Tan mde­ba­re aidas, da­i­Sa­sa da ka­lan­di­as
ltol­v il­Ta ba­n a­keb­S i, ag­reT­ve Ta­vad
beT­lem­Si, be­iT sa­hur­Si, be­iT ja­la­sa da
ior­da­ni­aS ­ i. isi­ni kvlav ieru­sa­li­mis So­
ri­ax­los im­yo­fe­bi­an da iqi­dan gas­cq­ e­ri­an
mo­nat­re­bul so­fels, sa­dac qar­T­ve­li
ka­ci fe­xis pir­ve­lad dad­g­mis­Ta­na­ve ig­r­Z­
nobs mSob­li­ur sur­nels.
xan­daz­mul mal­xel­Ta ri­ge­bi am­Ja­mad
SeTxe­le­bu­lia. oci­o­de wlis win ma­Ti
ricx­vi bev­rad me­ti iq­ne­bo­da. vin icis,
Cven­T­vis mo­sa­yo­li ram­de­ni uc­no­bi am­ba­
vi da sa­yu­radRe­bo gad­mo­ce­ma dav­kar­geT...
mal­xe­li gur­je­bis STa­mo­mav­le­bi dRes
Ta­vi­anT Tavs pa­les­ti­nel arab­Ta na­wi­lad
aRiq­va­men. bun­do­va­ni xsov­na ma­Ti odin­de­
li gur­jo­bis Se­sa­xeb ver cvlis am mxriv
re­a­lur su­raTs. isi­ni ima­sac ver xvde­bi­ israel-palestinis omis Sedegad daclili
an, rom es ja­va­riS-jva­ri­Sis sag­va­re­u­lo sofeli malxa (1949 w.)
kla­ni sxva ara­fe­ria, Tu ara ucxo eT­no­
ga­re­mo­Si ma­Ti mxri­dan uk­ve da­kar­gu­li
sa­ku­Ta­ri iden­to­bis Se­nar­Cu­ne­bis um­weo,
qvec­no­bi­er ­ i mcde­lo­ba; ver xvde­bi­an, rom
isi­ni `jva­ris~ xal­xi, odes­Rac jvris mo­
nas­t­ris sam­sa­xu­reb­lad dad­ge­nil gur­j­Ta
STa­mo­mav­le­bi ari­an. `jva­ris~ da­kar­g­vam,
faq­tob­ri­vad, 300 wlis win gan­sazR­v­ra
qar­T­vel­Ta sa­xe­lo­va­ni sa­va­nis usa­xe­lo
gu­Sag­Ta tra­gi­ku­li be­di. maT eta­pob­ri­vad
da­kar­ges yve­la­fe­ri, rac ase eZ­vir­fa­se­ba
ne­bis­mi­er xalxs: jer wi­na­par­Ta sam­Sob­
lo, Sem­deg rju­li, ena, gva­re­bi, bo­los ki
sam­k­vid­ro so­fe­lic. er­Ta­der­Ti, rac ar aidas ltolvilTa banaki
da­u­kar­gavT, es ime­dia uke­Te­si mer­mi­si­sa...
we­ril­ze mu­Sa­ob­ i­sas kon­sul­ta­ci­eb­ is­ malxas
quCebSi
T­vis gvsurs mad­lo­ba mo­vax­se­noT Cvens
arab da eb­ra­el ko­le­gebs isa da mo­ha­mad
ala­nebs, qa­mal na­vaSs, man­sur TaS­Tas,
ilia ma­zi­as, ev­ge­ni oze­rovs, ev­ge­nia sa­
pa­e­vas, ol­ga kuk­lis­sa da ol­ga xa­i­en­kos.
cal­ke aR­niS­v­nis Rir­sia is en­Tu­zi­az­mi da
cno­bis­wa­di­li, ra­sac Ta­vad mal­xe­le­bi
iCen­d­nen Cven­Tan ur­Ti­er­To­bi­sas. dar­w­
mu­ne­bu­li varT, sa­mo­mav­lo kvle­ve­bi ki­dev
bevr sa­gu­lis­x­mos ga­mo­av­lens.
be­sik xur­ci­la­va
so­ci­a­lur mec­ni­e­re­ba­Ta doq­to­ri

istoriani . ivnisi 2016 53