q arTuli memkvidreoba wminda miwaze

uCinari
qarTuli
ierusalimi
yofili qarTuli
eklesia-monastrebi
wminda qalaqSi
nawili I

warsulSi wminda miwaze qarTuli

Temis siZlieris dasturad sxvadasxva
dros am Temis mier aq mravali
eklesia-monastris flobis faqtic
ikmarebs. mxolod im savaneTa ricxvi,
romlebsac qarTvelebi drodadro
erTpirovnulad flobdnen, or
aTeuls aWarbebs. zogierTi maTganis
Sesaxeb Cveni codna werilobiT
wyaroebSi mocemuli cnobebiT
amoiwureba. viciT maTi saxelebi,
magram ar viciT maTi zusti
adgilmdebareoba. zogierTi maTgani
ukve aRarc arsebobs, zogi ki
safuZvlianad gadasxvaferda axal
mepatroneTa xelSi. garda amisa,
Cveni winaprebi wminda miwis bevr im
eklesia-monasterSic mosagreobdnen, mcire monastrebi Zveli quCebis `jibeebSia~
sadac maT gverdiT sxva erovnebis mimaluli da Cveulebrivi sacxovrebeli saxlebis
STabeWdilebas toveben. Zveli ierusalimi,
ber-monazvnebic iyvnen da romelTa faqtobrivad, aseTi `saxlebis~ konglomerats
aRSenebac maT saxels ar ukavSirdeba. warmoadgens

yo­fi­li qar­Tu­li ek­le­sia-mo­nas­t­re­ ri­aT ieru­sa­lim­Si. ma­ga­li­Tad, mRvde­li

bis di­di na­wi­li wmin­da qa­laq­Si an mis
Se­mo­ga­ren­Si mde­ba­re­obs. maT­gan yve­la­ze
ukeT Ses­wav­li­li da cno­bi­li ieru­sa­li­
mis jvris mo­nas­te­ri gax­lavT. qar­T­ve­li
sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­o­ba, pet­re ibe­ris sa­xe­li­sa
da ad­gil­ze na­pov­ni uZ­ve­le­si war­we­re­biT,
ase­ve Se­da­re­biT ukeT aris in­for­mi­re­bu­li
bir el-qut­Si wmin­da Te­o­do­res mo­nas­t­
ris naS­Te­bis Se­sa­xeb. mag­ram es mxo­lod
mci­re na­wi­lia im ek­le­sia-mo­nas­t­re­bi­sa,
rom­le­bic Cvens wi­nap­rebs odes­Rac sWe­
pet­re kon­WoS­vi­li Ta­vis wig­n­Si 18 yo­fil
qar­Tul mo­nas­ter­ze wers (XIX-XX ss.
mij­na­ze), Tum­ca iq­ve ima­sac gvam­c­nobs,
rom mis dros qar­T­vel­Ta sa­va­nis sa­xe­li
mxo­lod jvris mo­nas­ter­s­Ra hqon­da Ser­
Ce­ni­li. qar­T­ve­li sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­o­bis di­di
na­wi­li wmin­da mi­wa­ze wi­na­par­Ta mra­val­sa­
u­ku­no­va­ni moR­va­we­o­bis Se­sa­xeb da maT mi­er
na­Se­neb-na­qon mra­val­ricxo­van ek­le­sia-mo­
nas­t­reb­ze nak­le­bad aris in­for­mi­re­bu­
li. mar­Ta­lia, sa­qar­T­ve­lo­dan is­ra­el­Si

12 istoriani . ianvari 2015

Ca­su­li mom­loc­ve­le­bi­sa Tu tu­ris­te­bis
na­ka­di ar ga­mo­ir­Ce­va mra­val­ricxov­no­biT,
mag­ram isi­nic ki, vinc bo­lo wleb­Si es­
tum­ra wmin­da mi­was, jvri­sa da ka­ta­mo­nis
mo­nas­t­rebs Tu ar mi­vi­RebT mxed­ve­lo­ba­Si,
nak­le­bad in­te­res­de­bi­an sxva qar­Tu­li
yo­fi­li ek­le­sia-mo­nas­t­re­bis mo­xil­va-
mo­loc­viT. amis mi­ze­zi aR­niS­nu­li wmin­da
sa­va­ne­e­bis Se­sa­xeb ma­Ti mci­red in­for­mi­re­
bu­lo­ba­caa, tu­ris­tul prog­ra­meb­Si e.w.
qar­Tu­li mar­S­ru­tis ga­uT­va­lis­wi­neb­lo­
bis faq­tic da al­baT, SezRu­du­li dro­is
faq­to­ric. cal­ke sa­ub­ris Te­maa mom­loc­
vel­Ta da tu­ris­t­TaT­vis Se­sa­fe­ri­si gzam­
k­v­le­ve­bis arar­se­bo­ba. Se­de­gad, is­ra­e­lis
tu­ris­tul-sac­no­ba­r o buk­le­teb­sa Tu
in­ter­net­g­ver­deb­ze gan­Tav­se­bu­li in­for­
ma­cia Cven­T­vis sa­in­te­re­so mo­nas­t­re­bis
is­to­ri­a­ze mwi­ri da `Sem­su­bu­qe­bu­li­a~
qar­Tu­li is­to­ri­u­li ma­sa­le­bis sru­li
an na­wi­lob­ri­vi ugu­le­bel­yo­fis xar­j­
ze. am mi­mar­Tu­le­biT qar­T­vel mec­ni­er­Ta
(aR­mo­sav­leT­m­cod­ne­e­bis, is­to­ri­ko­se­bis,
fi­lo­lo­ge­bis, pa­le­og­ra­fe­bis, kul­tu­
ro­l o­g e­b is, xe­l ov­n e­b aT­m­c od­n e­e­b is...)
saq­mi­an­ o­bis ga­aq­ti­ur
­ e­ba­ze bev­rad aris da­
mo­ki­de­bu­li wmin­da mi­wa­ze qar­Tu­li kul­
tu­ru­li mem­k­vid­re­o­bis dRem­de mar­T­lac
sas­wa­u­leb­ri­vad ga­dar­Ce­ni­li Zeg­le­bis
is­ra­el­Si po­pu­la­ri­ze­ba da sa­mo­mav­lod
ma­Ti da­cu­lo­bis xa­ris­xi.
es e.w. mci­re mo­nas­t­re­bi wmin­da qa­la­
qis Zve­li qu­Ce­bis `ji­be­eb­Si­a~ mi­ma­lu­li; uriaTubnis wminda giorgis monastris
ga­reg­nu­lad isi­ni nak­le­bad mog­va­go­ne­ Sesasvleli
ben im sa­mo­nas­t­r o na­ge­bo­bebs, rom­le­
bic Cvens war­mod­ge­na­Sia tra­di­ci­u­lad; ***
isi­ni or­ga­nu­lad ari­an Car­Tu­li Zve­li uri­a­Tub­nis wmin­da gi­or­gis mo­nas­te­
qa­la­qis ga­na­Se­ni­a­ne­ba­Si da Ta­vi­si viw­ro ri si­o­nis mTa­ze, Zve­li qa­la­qis eb­ra­ul
Se­sas­v­lel-sa­dar­ba­zo­e­biT, Si­da ezo­e­ kvar­tal­Si, am­Ja­min­de­li wmin­da mo­ci­qul
biT, dam­x­ma­re na­ge­bo­be­biT Cve­u­leb­ri­vi iako­bis som­xu­ri mo­nas­t­ris ukan da pir­
sacxov­re­be­li sax­le­bis STa­beW­di­le­bas vel­m­R­v­del­m­Ta­var anas sax­lis si­ax­lo­ves
to­ve­ben mnax­vel­ze. Zve­li ieru­sa­li­mi, mde­ba­re­obs. am mo­nas­t­ris xil­vis msur­ve­
faq­tob­ri­vad, ase­Ti `sax­le­bis~ erT did li si­o­nis ka­rib­Wi­dan aR­mo­sav­le­TiT un­da
kon­g­lo­me­rats war­mo­ad­gens. da­eS­vas, Sem­deg ga­i­a­ros xa­ba­dis qu­Ca mar­
wi­nam­de­ba­re we­ril­Si gvsurs mkiTx­ve­ cxe­na pir­vel Se­sax­ve­vam­de, ga­vi­des al-ma­
lis yu­radRe­ba mi­vapy­r oT ieru­sa­li­mis la­qis (an­ge­loz­Ta) qu­Ca­ze, ukan mo­i­to­vos
yo­fi­li qar­Tu­li mo­nas­t­re­bis erT na­wil­ mar­cxe­na (a­nu da­sav­le­Tis) mxa­res me­o­re
ze: uri­a­Tub­nis wmin­da gi­or­gis, wmin­da Se­sax­ve­vi, ga­uy­ves ima­ve qu­Cas da Se­ux­vi­os
di­mit­ris, wmin­da Te­o­do­re­Ta da wmin­da mar­j­v­niv (a­nu Crdi­lo­e­TiT) _ iq, sa­dac
ba­si­li di­dis sa­xe­lo­bis sa­va­ne­eb­ze. al-ma­la­qi­sa da ara­ra­tis qu­Ce­bis ga­dak­

istoriani . ianvari 2015 13

q arTuli memkvidreoba wminda miwaze
uriaTubnis monastris Sida ezo da eklesiis kari
ve­Taa. aq, mci­re Ci­xis bo­los mo­nas­t­ris
Se­sas­v­le­lia. Si­da­e­zos mar­cxe­na mxa­res
mci­re ek­le­siaa. ezos, ro­gorc amas XIX
sa­u­ku­nis 50-iani wleb­Si ru­si ar­qi­man­d­
ri­ti le­o­nid ka­ve­li­ni gvam­c­nobs, uwin
va­zis fan­Ca­tu­ri am­kob­da (am­Ja­mad iq mi­si
kva­li ar Cans). mo­nas­t­ris ze­da te­ra­si­dan
14 istoriani . ianvari 2015
iS­le­ba araC­ve­u­leb­ri­vi xe­di ze­Tis­xi­lis
mTa­ze, ior­da­nes dab­lob­ze, mkvdar zRva­ze.
ho­ri­zonts am mxri­dan ara­be­Tis kldo­va­ni
mTe­bi as­ru­le­ben.
mo­nas­t­ris da­ar­se­bis zus­ti dro uc­
no­bia. is os­ma­le­Tis sul­Tan ah­med I-is
1606 wliT da­Ta­ri­Re­bul fir­man­Si mo­ix­
se­ni­e­ba qar­T­vel­Ta kuT­v­nil im mo­nas­t­rebs
So­ris, ro­mel­Ta sa­ku­Tar mfar­ve­lo­ba­Si
moq­ce­vas, Tur­qe­bis mxar­da­We­ris ime­diT,
swo­red im dros la­mob­dn­ en ber­Zn­ e­bi. amiT
aR­S­fo­Te­bul qar­T­ve­lebs serb mar­T­l­
ma­di­deb­leb­Tan er­Tad ga­up­r o­tes­te­bi­aT
ber­Z­ne­bis mcde­lo­ba da ma­Ti es pro­tes­ti
mci­re xnis Sem­deg os­ma­lebs ga­uT­va­lis­
wi­ne­bi­aT ki­dec. Tum­ca es wmin­da sa­va­nec,
sxva da­nar­Ce­ni qar­Tu­li ek­le­sia-mo­nas­t­
ris msgav­sad, sa­bo­lo­od ma­inc ber­Zen­Ta
kuT­v­ni­le­bad iq­ca. mar­Ta­lia, ieru­sa­li­
mis pat­ri­arq do­si­Te­o­sis 1706 wliT da­
Ta­ri­Re­bul we­ril­Si is kvla­vin­de­bu­rad
qar­Tul mo­nas­t­rad mo­ix­se­ni­e­ba, mag­ram
ber­Zen­Ta­gan mi­si da­va­li­a­ne­bis da­far­vis
Sem­deg qar­T­ve­lebs am wmin­da sa­va­ne­Si,
faq­tob­ri­vad, fe­xi amo­ek­ve­TaT. er­Ta­der­
Ti we­ri­lo­bi­Ti cno­ba, ro­me­lic am mo­
nas­t­ris da­ar­se­bas ukav­Sir­de­ba, ti­mo­Te
ga­baS­vil­Tan Se­mo­na­xu­li tra­di­ci­u­li
gad­mo­ce­maa da­di­an­Ta mi­er mi­si `aR­Se­
ne­bis~ Se­sa­xeb. da­di­a­ne­bis sag­va­re­u­los
wev­r­Ta ieru­sa­lim­Si aq­ti­u­ri sa­aR­m­Se­
neb­lo moR­va­we­o­bis faq­ti do­ku­men­tu­rad
aris da­das­tu­re­bu­li. ma­ga­li­Tad, le­van yofili wminda dimitris monastris Senoba quCis
II da­di­ans (1611-1657 ww.) uR­va­wia jvris mxridan da zemodan
mo­nas­t­ris ga­nax­le­ba­ze. ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vi­li
1757 wlis­T­vis uri­a­Tub­nis wmin­da gi­or­
gis mo­nas­ter­Si da­di­an­Ta `mo­sax­se­neb­lis~
ar­se­bo­ba­zec gvam­c­nobs, mag­ram ma­Ti moR­
va­we­o­bis kon­k­re­tul dro­sa da sa­xe­leb­ze,
sam­wu­xa­rod, dums. ra­ki­Ra da­nam­dv­ i­le­biT
vi­ciT, rom aR­niS­nu­li mo­nas­te­ri ar­se­bob­
da le­van II-mdec, un­da vi­fiq­roT, rom mi­si
aR­m­Se­ne­be­li `da­di­a­ne­bi~ XVI sa­u­ku­nis an
uf­ro ad­rin­de­li dro­is moR­va­we­ni iy­v­nen.
Se­saZ­loa, maT ra­me­na­i­rad ukav­Sir­de­bo­des
uf­lis wmin­da saf­la­vis taZ­ris ka­rib­Wis
mar­j­ve­na me­o­re svet­ze Cven mi­er da­fiq­si­
re­bu­li, erT mkrTal mi­na­wer­Si nax­se­ne­bi
vin­me `va­miy~. XIV-XVI sa­u­ku­ne­e­bis (a­nu
le­van II-is wi­na­mor­bed) odi­Sis mTav­re­bis
nus­xa­Si am sa­xe­lis ma­ta­re­be­li ori pi­ria:
va­miy I (1384-1396 ww.) da va­miy II (1474-1482
ww.). sa­in­te­re­soa, rom uf­lis wmin­da saf­
la­vis taZ­ris ka­rib­Wis gra­fi­te­bic um­
Tav­re­sad XIV-XV ss-iT Ta­riR­de­ba, xo­lo
ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vi­lis si­a­Si war­mod­ge­ni­li
ieru­sa­li­mis sxva­das­x­va sa­va­nis qti­to­
re­bi mxo­lod XIV sa­u­ku­ni­dan gvxvde­ba. is­to­ri­ul wya­ro­eb­Si da­cu­li cno­be­bis
cno­bi­lia isic, rom swo­red aR­niS­nu­li Ta­nax­mad, ieru­sa­li­mis jvris mo­nas­ters
sa­u­ku­nis da­sawyis­Si (1305 w.) ga­mo­ix­s­nes ima­ve sa­u­ku­ne­Si, sxveb­Tan er­Tad, did dax­
ieru­sa­li­mis jvris mo­nas­te­ri mah­ma­di­an­ ma­re­bas uwev­da gi­or­gi II da­di­a­nic (1345-
Ta pyro­bi­le­bi­dan, xo­lo me­fe gi­or­gi V 1384 ww.). ro­gorc Cans, uri­a­Tub­nis wmin­da
brwyin­va­lis dros qar­T­ve­lebs qris­tes gi­or­gis mo­nas­te­ri sa­pat­ro­nod swo­red
saf­la­vis kli­te­nic ki Ca­ug­di­aT xel­Si. XIV sa­u­ku­ne­Si ga­da­e­ca da­di­an­Ta sag­va­re­

istoriani . ianvari 2015 15

q arTuli memkvidreoba wminda miwaze

u­los da mi­si war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi mom­dev­no

sa­mi sa­u­ku­nis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si SeZ­le­bis­dag­
va­rad zru­nav­d­nen am wmin­da sa­va­ne­ze, sa­nam
is dag­ro­vi­li da­va­li­a­ne­bis ga­da­ux­de­lo­
bis Se­de­gad, XVII sa­u­ku­nis mi­wu­ruls, sa­
bo­lo­od ar ga­da­vi­da ieru­sa­li­mis ber­Z­nu­
li sa­pat­ri­ar­qos mflo­be­lo­ba­Si. am­Ja­mad
mo­nas­te­ri de­debs uWi­ravT da mas­Si ra­i­me
qar­Tu­li kva­li ar Cans (mo­ri­gi ga­nax­le­ba
mas sul ax­la­xan Ca­u­tar­da).
gi­or­gi V brwyin­va­lis me­fo­bis pe­ri­od­
Si­ve ga­nu­ax­le­bi­aT qar­T­ve­lebs ieru­sa­li­
mis wmin­da di­mit­ris mo­nas­te­ric. igi ia-
fos ka­rib­Wi­dan sal­va­to­ris mo­nas­t­ris­ken
mi­ma­va­li gzis mo­sax­vev­Sia. mo­nas­te­ri ix­se­
ni­eb­ a 1187 wlis Sem­deg Sed­ge­nil ber­Zn­ ul
ano­ni­mur xel­na­wer­Si, ro­gorc macxov­ris
wmin­da saf­la­vis gar­Se­mo ar­se­bu­li ca­me­
ti­dan erT-er­Ti mar­T­l­ma­di­deb­lu­ri sa­va­
ne. ieru­sa­li­mis pat­ri­ar­qi do­si­Te­o­si 1706
wels am mo­nas­ters qar­Tul sa­va­ne­Ta rig­Si
mo­ix­se­ni­ebs. ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vi­lis cno­biT,
wmin­da di­mit­ris mo­nas­te­ri aRu­Se­ne­bia
`qsnis eris­Tavs Sal­vas, vir­Sels iva­nes,
da ma­Ti mox­se­ne­bac mun ars~. de­ka­no­zi
pet­re kon­WoS­vi­li mo­nas­t­ris aR­m­Se­neb­lad
mxo­lod Sal­va qsnis eris­Tavs asa­xe­lebs.
wmin­da di­mit­ris mo­nas­t­ris qar­T­vel­Ta­gan
aR­Se­ne­ba-ga­nax­le­bis am­bavs gvam­cn­ obs ki­dev
er­Ti, 1817 wliT da­Ta­ri­Re­bu­li qar­Tu­li
xel­na­we­ri: `q. odes­me ke­i­sar­Ta­gan mi­e­
niW­nes me­feT Cu­en­Ta wmi­da­ni mo­nas­ter­ni
wminda TeodoreTa monastris Sesasvleli quCidan
wmi­da­sa qa­laq­sa ieru­sa­lim­sa da maT­gan
sax­lT ­ a Cu­en­Ta bo­Ze­bo­daT mo­nas­te­ri ese
wmi­di­sa di­mit­ri­sa da me, qsnis eris­Tav­man
Sal­vam sru­li­ad gan­va­ax­le da aR­va­Se­ne
mo­nas­te­ri ese de­di­sa Cu­e­ni­sa ba­to­nis
Ta­ma­ris sa­fa­si­Ta sa­o­xad sul­Ta Cu­en­Ta
da aR­saz­r­de­lad Ze­Ta Cu­en­Ta Jam­Ta gi­or­gi
ku­ra­pa­la­tis me­fo­bi­sa, eris­Tavs pi­pars
mix­se­neb­deT mo­nas­ter­sa amas~. es cno­ba,
sa­va­ra­u­dod, gad­mo­we­ri­lia an mo­nas­t­ris
ked­lis war­we­ri­dan, an uc­no­bi xel­na­we­ris
mi­na­we­ri­dan.
Sal­va da pi­par (pi­pa) qsnis eris­Ta­ve­bi
gi­or­gi brwyin­va­le­sa da ieru­sa­lim­Tan
er­Tad mo­ix­se­ni­e­ba `Zeg­li eris­Tav­Tas~
teq­s­t­Sic: `a­mas Jam­sa mo­vi­da am­ba­vi: kli­
te­ni ieru­sa­le­mi­sa­ni spar­s­Ta da­ipy­r­ne­so
da di­dad Se­wux­na me­fe gi­or­gi. ma­Sin war­g­

16 istoriani . ianvari 2015

zav­na Ze Sal­va eris­Ta­vi­sai, ro­mel­sa er­qua
pi­pai, gza­sa xmel­Ta­sa mrav­li­Ta ZRu­e­ni­Ta
wi­na­Se nis­re­li­sa... xo­lo man si­xa­ru­liT
Se­iwy­na­ra ZRu­e­ni igi da mis­c­na kli­te­
ni ieru­sa­le­mi­sa­ni~. ieru­sa­li­mis jvris
mo­n as­t­r is aRap­Ta nus­x a­S ic gvxvde­b a
Ca­na­we­ri Cven­T­vis sa­in­te­re­so pir­Ta Se­sa­
xeb: `wir­vai da aRa­pi sa­u­ku­no eris­Ta­vi­sa
Sal­vas qe­nif­ne­ve­li­sa, Svi­li­sa pi­pa­si,
da mi­si­sa me­uR­li­sa Ta­ma­ri­si, Se­un­d­ven
Rmer­T­man, vin­ca Sec­va­los, krul­m­ca ars~.
cno­bi­lia, rom gi­or­gi brwyin­va­lem or­
g­zis, 1316 da 1320 wleb­Si gag­zav­na el­Ce­bi
eg­vip­tis sul­Tan­Tan macxov­ris saf­la­vis
kli­te­Ta mo­sa­po­veb­lad. ima­ve sa­u­ku­nis Sua
xa­ne­bis­Tv­ is es kli­te­ni uk­ve qar­Tv­ el­Ta
wminda TeodoreTa taZris sakurTxevlis
xel­Si iyo. uaR­re­sad sa­in­te­re­soa cno­ba, fragmenti (zemoT) da niSnebiani qva Zveli
rom ieru­sa­lim­Si zo­gi­er­Ti mo­nas­t­ris nagebobis wyobidan (qvemoT)
qar­Tv­ el­Ta mflo­be­lo­ba­Si ga­das­vl ­ a (Tu
war­Tm­ e­ul
­ is dab­ru­ne­ba) `ke­is­ ar­Ta~ xel­
Sewyo­biT mom­xd ­ a­ra, rac sxva ma­kon­tr ­ o­
le­be­li is­to­ri­u­li ma­sa­lis sa­fuZ­vel­zec
das­tur­de­ba: 1299 wels sa­qar­T­ve­lo­dan
eg­vip­tis sul­Tan na­sir mu­ha­med­Tan (1293-
1341 ww.) gag­zav­ni­li el­Co­ba kon­s­tan­ti­
ne­pol­Si Ca­vi­da da aqe­dan mas ke­i­sar­ma
an­d­r o­ni­ke II-m (1282-1328 ww.) sa­ku­Ta­ri
des­pa­nic ga­ay­ o­la sul­Tan­Tan ieru­sa­lim­
Si qar­Tv­ el­TaT­vis kuT­vn­ i­li mo­nas­tr ­ e­bis
dab­ru­ne­bis Txov­niT. 1305 wels jvris mo­
nas­te­ri da zo­gi­er­Ti sxva qar­Tu­li wmin­da
sa­va­ne sul­Tan­ma Ta­vis Zvel mflo­be­lebs Se­no­bis sa­Zir­kv­ el­Si kvla­vac Se­i­niS­ne­ba
da­ub­ru­na. XIV sa­u­ku­nes ase­ve Se­iZ­le­ba Zve­li na­ge­bo­bis ked­le­bis frag­men­te­bi.
ukav­Sir­de­bo­des tra­pi­zo­nel kom­ne­nos­Ta rac Se­e­xe­ba qar­Tul kvals, is iq, sam­wu­
sa­me­fo sax­li. kom­ne­no­seb­Tan qar­T­vel bag­ xa­rod, aRar iZeb­ne­ba.
ra­ti­on­ eb­sa da TviT gi­or­gi brwyin­va­les wmin­da Te­o­do­res mo­nas­te­ri ka­sa no­vas
na­Te­sa­o­ba akav­Si­reb­da. ro­gorc ir­k­ve­va, qu­Ca­ze, sal­va­tor­Tan ax­los, mo­sax­vev­Si
me­fe gi­or­gis wmin­da di­mit­ris mo­nas­te­ri mde­ba­re­obs. mo­nas­te­ri de­da­Taa da am­Ja­mad
sa­pat­ro­nod qsnis eris­Tav­Ta sax­lis­Tv­ is ieru­sa­li­mis ber­Z­nul sa­pat­ri­ar­qos ekuT­
ubo­Ze­bia; Sal­va eris­Tavs igi Ta­vi­si de­dis, v­nis. wmin­da mo­wa­me­ni Te­o­do­re ti­ro­ni da
Ta­ma­ris sax­sr ­ e­biT ga­nu­ax­le­bia; da­uw­ e­se­ Te­o­do­re stra­ti­la­ti ek­le­si­a­Si wmin­
bi­aT mo­nas­tr ­ is qti­tor­Ta xse­ne­bac. ru­si da di­mit­ri­sa da wmin­da gi­or­gis Sem­deg
ar­qi­man­d­ri­ti le­o­nid ka­ve­li­ni (XIX s-is li­tur­gi­ku­lad yve­la­ze pa­tiv­de­bu­lad
50-iani wle­bi) am sa­va­nes sa­baw­min­dis lav­ mi­iC­ne­vi­an; ma­Ti wmin­da na­wi­le­bi yo­ve­li
ris `Zve­liT­gan me­to­qad~ asa­xe­lebs. mis pros­ko­mi­di­i­sas (a­nu kve­Ti­sas) ga­mo­aqvs
dros mo­nas­tr ­ is Se­mad­ge­nel did Se­no­bas sam­R­v­de­lo­e­bas.
yve­la­ze xSi­rad bul­ga­re­li mom­loc­ve­le­bi ad­gi­lob­ri­vi ber­Z­nu­li gad­mo­ce­mis Ta­
afa­reb­dn­ en Tavs. am Se­no­bis ad­gi­las am­Ja­ nax­mad, ek­le­sia am ad­gi­las TiT­qos sof­ron
mad sa­pat­ri­ar­qos mi­er da­ar­se­bu­li wmin­da ieru­sa­li­me­lis (634-644 ww.) mo­wa­fes, Rirs
di­mit­ris sa­xe­lo­bis sko­laa ga­mar­Tu­li. ioanes da­u­ar­se­bia VII sa­u­ku­ne­Si. ma­nam­de

istoriani . ianvari 2015 17

q arTuli memkvidreoba wminda miwaze
wminda TeodoreTa monastris Sida ezo
(532 w.), ki­ri­le ski­To­po­le­lis cno­biT,
am ad­gi­las wmin­da Te­o­do­res sa­mar­t­vi­le
mdga­ra. mo­nas­te­ri nax­se­ne­bia 1187 wlis
Sem­deg Sed­ge­nil ano­ni­mur ber­Z­nul xel­
na­wer­Si. mar­Ta­lia, jva­ros­ne­bis la­Tin­Ta
sa­me­fos pe­ri­od­Si es sa­va­ne wya­ro­eb­Si ar
Cans, mag­ram da­nam­dv­ i­le­biT vi­ciT, rom mam­
luq­Ta ba­to­no­bi­sas mo­nas­ters qar­Tv­ e­le­bi
flob­dn­ en da is uk­ve ori Te­o­do­res sa­xels
ata­reb­da. ar­qi­man­d­rit ka­ve­li­nis cno­biT,
uwin am mo­nas­ters Tav­Se­saf­rad iye­neb­d­nen
ieru­sa­lim­Si mo­sa­lo­cad Ca­su­li tra­pi­zo­
nis sa­me­fo (1204-1461 ww.) sax­lis ba­nov­ne­bi.
os­ma­le­Tis sul­Tan se­lim I-is dros Sed­
ge­nil erT sa­buT­Si (1517 w.) mo­nas­te­ri ar
fi­gu­ri­rebs ber­Zen­Ta­gan `Tval­dad­g­mul~
sa­va­ne­Ta nus­xa­Si. XVI sa­u­ku­nis Sem­deg
mo­nas­ters kvlav qar­Tul sa­va­ned ic­nobs
ru­si mog­za­u­ri ba­sil pos­ni­a­ko­vi. ase­Tad
18 istoriani . ianvari 2015
aris da­sa­xe­le­bu­li is ieru­sa­li­mis pat­
ri­ar­qis do­si­Te­o­sis 1706 wliT da­Ta­ri­Re­
bul we­ril­Sic. 2001-2002 wleb­Si qar­T­vel
mec­ni­er­Ta eq­s­pe­di­ci­is mi­er ieru­sa­lim­Si
mik­v­le­ul erT-erT xel­na­wer­Si da­cu­lia
be­e­na Co­lo­yaS­vi­lis an­der­Zi, rom­lis mi­
xed­viT, mas ara mar­to ga­nu­ax­le­bia wmin­da
Te­o­do­res ek­le­sia, ara­med uz­ru­nia mi­si
wig­n­T­sa­ca­vis Sev­se­ba­zec, mo­u­Zeb­nia da isev
ad­gil­ze da­ub­ru­ne­bia am sa­va­nis ma­nam­de
gab­ne­u­li xel­na­we­re­bi. be­e­na Co­lo­yaS­vi­li
ieru­sa­lim­Si sa­gan­ge­bo mi­si­iT im­yo­fe­bo­da
1512-1514 wleb­Si da Tav­da­u­zo­ga­vad ib­rZ­ o­da
im dro­is­T­vis qar­T­vel­TaT­vis war­T­me­u­li
Tu sa­da­vod gam­x­da­ri ek­le­sia-mo­nas­t­re­bis
Se­mo­sam­t­ki­ceb­lad.
ima­ve xel­na­wer­Si da­cul uf­r o ad­
rin­del (XIV-XV ss.) an­der­Z­Si mo­ce­mu­
lia mo­nas­t­ris ma­nam­de uc­no­bi sa­xe­li:
`tkeb­na­ris da­ri~. uka­nas­k­ne­li sity­va
`da­ri~ ara­bu­lad niS­navs saxls. Tum­ca
an­der­Z­Si is Se­iZ­le­ba mo­nas­t­ris aR­m­niS­
v­ne­li ara­bu­li ter­mi­nis `da­ir (de­ir/
der)~ va­ri­an­t­sac war­mo­ad­gen­des. rac
Se­e­xe­ba `tkeb­nars~, mkvle­var Ti­na ce­ra­Zis
az­riT, is qar­Tu­li ad­gil-sa­xe­lia da ga­
Te­lil, dat­kep­nil ad­gils un­da niS­nav­des
(Se­saZ­loa, Zve­lad am ad­gils Se­sa­ba­mi­si
ara­bu­li sa­xel­wo­de­ba ga­aC­n­da da saq­me mis
qar­Tul Tar­g­man­Ta­nac gvqon­des).
aka­de­mi­kos ni­ko Cu­bi­naS­vi­lis cno­biT,
mo­nas­ters uwin qar­Tu­li war­we­rac am­kob­
da, sa­dac be­e­na Co­lo­yaS­vi­li am wmin­da
sa­va­nis gan­ma­ax­leb­le­bad mo­ix­se­ni­e­bo­da.
ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vi­lis sity­viT ki, wmin­da
Te­o­do­res mo­nas­te­ri `ars aR­Se­ne­bu­li~
be­Jan da ba­a­dur Co­lo­yaS­vi­le­bis mi­er. mis
cno­bas ime­o­rebs de­ka­no­zi pet­re kon­WoS­
vi­lic. zo­gi­er­Ti mec­ni­e­ris az­riT, war­we­
ra­Si gar­se­van da ba­a­dur Co­lo­yaS­vi­leb­ze
un­da yo­fi­li­yo sa­u­ba­ri. maT 1635 wels
ga­nu­ax­le­bi­aT es wmin­da sa­va­ne. aR­niS­nu­li
war­we­ra, ro­me­lic mog­vi­a­ne­biT ber­Z­nebs
taZ­ris ked­li­dan mo­ux­s­ni­aT, am­Ja­mad uk­
va­lod aris gam­q­ra­li. mo­nas­te­ri qar­T­ve­
lebs ber­Z­neb­ma 1685 wels Ca­mo­ar­T­ves da
is dRem­de uWi­ravT.
ki­d ev er­Ti qar­Tul­y o­fi­l i wmin­d a
sa­va­ne dgas axa­li ka­rib­Wis si­ax­lo­ves,
al-fra­i­ris qu­Cis Crdi­lo-da­sav­le­TiT
mde­ba­re Cix­Si (qu­Ci­dan mar­cxe­na pir­vel
Se­sax­vev­Si). mo­nas­te­ri wmin­da ba­si­li di­
dis sa­xel­zea age­bu­li. es de­da­Ta mo­nas­te­
ric ieru­sa­li­mis ber­Z­nu­li sa­pat­ri­ar­qos
mflo­be­lo­ba­Sia. is, faq­tob­ri­vad, mu­dam
da­ke­ti­lia da mxo­lod dRe­sas­wa­ul ­ eb­ze Tu
mas­pin­Z­lobs mloc­ve­lebs. qar­Tul xel­na­
wer­Ta ko­leq­ci­aS ­ i aq ga­da­we­ri­li XIV-XV
sa­uk­ u­ne­e­biT da­Ta­ri­Re­bu­li er­Ti xel­na­
we­ric gvxvde­ba. sav­se­biT cxa­dia, rom im
dros mo­nas­te­ri qar­Tv­ el­Ta kuT­vn­ i­le­bas
war­mo­ad­gen­da. ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vi­lis cno­biT,
am sa­va­nis ma­Se­ne­bel­ni iy­v­nen XIV sa­u­ku­ne­
Si mcxov­re­bi Ta­va­di ami­rin­do ami­ra­xo­ri
(a­mi­lax­va­ri) da Ta­ya. ima­ve cno­bas ime­o­re­
ben pet­re kon­WoS­vi­li da 1817 wliT da­
Ta­ri­Re­bu­li xel­na­we­ris uc­no­bi av­to­ric.
qar­Tul mo­nas­tr ­ ad mo­ix­se­ni­ebs mas 1706
wels ieru­sa­li­mis pat­ri­ar­qi do­si­Te­o­sic.
mo­nas­ter­ma Zli­er ­ i sa­xec­vl
­ i­le­ba ga­ni­ca­
da axa­li mflo­be­lis xel­Si. ber­Zen ber
ba­si­lis mi­ew ­ e­re­ba 1764 wels mo­nas­t­ris sa­
fuZ­v­li­an­ i ga­nax­le­ba (ad­gil­ze ga­mo­ce­mul
sxva­das­x­va cno­bar­sa Tu in­ter­net­sa­i­teb­ze
is sa­er­To­dac mo­nas­t­ris aR­m­Se­neb­lad
aris ga­mocxa­de­bu­li). sam­wu­xa­rod, qar­
Tu­li kva­li aqac sru­li­ad war­xo­ci­lia.
ro­gorc ze­moT vi­xi­leT, xse­ne­bul mo­
nas­t­rebs sxva­das­x­va qar­Tu­li fe­o­da­lu­ri
sag­va­re­u­lo pat­r o­nob­da. Tun­dac Cvens
xelT ar­se­bu­li mwi­ri is­to­ri­u­li ma­sa­ wminda basili didis monasteris Sesasvleli da
misi xati taZris SesasvlelSi
li­dan aS­ka­rad Cans, rom wmin­da sa­va­ne­eb­ze
zru­nav­dn­ en Ta­ob­ e­bi ama Tu im war­Ci­ne­bu­li
gva­ri­dan. es mem­k­vid­re­o­bi­Ti tra­di­cia,
ro­g orc erT-erT Cvens wi­na we­r il­S i
vi­xi­leT, Se­sam­C­ne­via ab­ra­am ma­mam­Tav­ris
mo­nas­t­ri­sad­mi aba­Si­Ze­Ta gva­ris war­mo­
mad­ge­nel­Ta mxri­dan zrun­vis Sem­Tx­ve­va­Sic.
am­je­rad mxo­lod ze­moT aR­niS­nu­li
yo­fi­li qar­Tu­li mo­nas­t­re­biT Se­mo­vi­
far­g­le­biT. ase­Ti sa­va­ne­e­bis ricx­vi ki,
ro­gorc da­sawyis­Si aR­v­niS­neT, wmin­da qa­
laq­Si oTx­jer me­tia. maT Se­sa­xeb mom­dev­no
we­ri­leb­Sic mo­giTx­robT.
(gag­r­Ze­le­ba mom­dev­no nom­reb­Si)
be­sik xur­ci­la­va
stu doq­to­ran­ti, mos­wav­le axal­gaz­
r­do­bis erov­nu­li sa­sax­lis sa­qar­T­ve­
los is­to­ri­i­sa da eT­nog­ra­fi­is gan­yo­
fi­le­bis gam­ge

istoriani . ianvari 2015 19