q arTuli memkvidreoba wminda miwaze

qarTvelTa
uZvelesi
nakvalevi
nazareTsa da
ierusalimis
udabnoSi

mozaikis fragmenti furtas monastridan

jvarcmul avazakTa istoria da furtas

qarTuli monasteri
wminda miwaze qarTvelebi, TiTqmis uwyvetad, ToTxmeti saukunis (IV-XVII
ss.) ganmavlobaSi moRvaweobdnen. sxvadasxva dros Cveni winaprebi srulad an
saziarod flobdnen araerT iqaur eklesia-monasters (maTi ricxvi lamis
oTx aTeulamde aRwevs). am wminda savaneTa nawili dRes ukve aRar arsebobs,
zogierTis zusti identificireba ki jerjerobiT ver xerxdeba. magram garda
im eklesia-monastrebisa, romelTa Sesaxebac ase Tu ise vflobT informacias,
wminda miwa, rogorc Cans, qarTuli kulturuli memkvidreobis kidev bevr
gamoumzeurebel Zegls inaxavs. israeleli arqeologebi, faqtobrivad,
yovelwliurad akeTeben axal-axal aRmoCenebs, zogjer ubralo SemTxveviTobis
wyalobiT. winamdebare werilSi or aseT aRmoCenaze visaubrebT. uamrav
sayuradRebo niuansTan erTad, isini wminda miwaze qarTvelTa uadresi yofnis
faqts asaCinoeben.

1757 wels wmin­da mi­wa­ze mo­sa­lo­cad mi~. TiT­qos­da ad­gi­lob­riv tra­di­ci­a­ze

myof ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vils sa­in­te­re­so cno­ba
mo­e­po­ve­ba. igi Ta­vis cno­bil `mi­mos­v­la­Si~
wers: `xo­lo gvetyod­nen, vi­Tar­med Ta­bo­
ris mo­nas­te­ri da oTxi ek­le­sia na­za­reTs
qar­T­vel­Ta­gan ari­so aR­Se­ne­bu­li, ra­Jams
vax­tang gor­gas­lan da­ipy­r o ieru­sa­li­
dam­ya­re­bu­li am cno­bis mi­xed­viT, Cvens wi­
nap­rebs uk­ve V sa­u­ku­ne­Si wmin­da sa­va­ne­e­bi
uSe­ne­bi­aT ara mxo­lod qvey­nis sam­x­re­TiT,
ara­med Crdi­lo­e­Ti­Tac, ga­li­lea-na­za­re­
Tis mxa­re­Sic. imis mi­u­xe­da­vad, rom jer­
je­ro­biT am mxa­re­Si ar aris aR­mo­Ce­ni­li

24 istoriani . noemberi 2014

ra­me ma­te­ri­a­lu­ri Zeg­li, ro­me­lic da­
xarebis
a­das­tu­reb­da ti­mo­Tes mi­er Ta­vis dro­ze kaTolikuri
Ca­we­ri­li ad­gi­lob­ri­vi tra­di­ci­is nam­d­ taZari nazareTSi
vi­lo­bas, TviT faq­ti am mxa­re­Si qar­T­vel xarebis
mom­loc­vel­Ta dro­dad­r o stum­r o­bi­sa, tradiciul
adgilas dgas
eWvs nak­le­bad iw­vevs. qris­tes am­q­vey­ni­u­ri
cxov­re­bis di­di na­wi­li swo­red ga­li­le­
as­Tan iyo da­kav­Si­re­bu­li, xo­lo na­za­re­Ti,
qris­ti­an­TaT­vis ieru­sa­li­mi­sa da beT­le­
mis Sem­deg, mniS­v­ne­lo­biT me­sa­me wmin­da
qa­la­qad mi­iC­ne­o­da odiT­gan.
1955-1960 wleb­Si fran­cis­ka­ne­li ar­
qe­o­lo­gis, be­lar­mi­no ba­ga­tis xel­m­ZR­va­
ne­lo­biT na­za­reT­Si, xa­re­bis tra­di­ci­ul
ad­gi­las war­mo­e­bul­ma gaTx­reb­ma taZ­ris
mo­za­i­ku­ri iata­kis Se­le­si­lo­ba­ze ber­Z­
nu­li, la­Ti­nu­ri, si­ri­u­li, som­xu­ri da
qar­Tu­li gra­fi­te­bi ga­mo­av­li­na. isi­ni da­
Ta­riR­da ara­ug­vi­a­nes 427 wliT. sam­wu­xa­
rod, am in­for­ma­ci­am Cve­nam­de mxo­lod ga­
su­li sa­u­ku­nis 90-ian wle­bis ga­riJ­raJ­ze
mo­aR­wia da 2000 wels ma­nam­de som­xu­rad
na­gu­lis­x­me­vi (i­sev da isev ad­gi­lob­ri­vi
so­me­xi var­da­pe­tis va­ra­ud­ze day­r­d­no­
biT) war­we­re­bis qar­Tu­lo­ba sa­bo­lo­od
da­a­das­tu­ra pro­fe­sor­ma za­za aleq­si­Zem. war­we­re­bis aR­mo­Ce­niT, faq­tob­ri­vad, da­
oTxi gra­fi­ti­dan or­ze mxo­lod Ti­To- das­tur­da ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vi­lis cno­bis is
Ti­To mTav­ru­li aso­ni­Sa­nia (a-ni da k-ani) na­wi­li, rom­lis Ta­nax­mad, Cvens wi­nap­rebs
Se­mor­Ce­ni­li, me­sa­me­ze war­we­ris mxo­lod am mxa­re­Si sa­ku­Ta­ri sam­loc­ve­lo­e­bi uk­ve
frag­men­ti (`...vle...li~), xo­lo me­oTxe­ V sa­u­ku­nis­T­vis uSe­ne­bi­aT. amas, ro­gorc
ze qa­rag­me­bis gax­s­niT teq­s­ti ikiTxe­ba vi­xi­leT, na­za­reT­Si qar­T­vel­Ta mom­loc­
am­ri­gad: `S(e­miwyal­)e i(es­)u q(ris­t­)e ve­lo­ba uZRo­da win.
g(i­or­gi?)~. wmin­da mi­wa­ze bo­lo dro­is Sem­Tx­ve­vi­Ti
na­za­reT­Si V sa­u­ku­nis I na­xev­riT da­ aR­mo­Ce­ne­bi­dan Cven­T­vis gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li
Ta­r i­R e­bu­l i qar­Tu­l i pi­l ig­r i­m u­l i mniS­vn­ e­lo­bi­sa ga­mod­ga ieru­sa­li­mis sam­x­

nazareTis xarebis
marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi aris
mariamis wyaro _ piligrimTa
Tayvaniscemis adgili

istoriani . noemberi 2014 25

q arTuli memkvidreoba wminda miwaze
bizantiuri bazilikis kuTvnili mozaikis
fragmentebi xarebis kaTolikur taZarSi
nazareTis taZris grafitebze, sxvebTan erTad,
gvxvdeba uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebic
26 istoriani . noemberi 2014
reT-aR­mo­sav­leT Se­mo­ga­ren­Si, umm le­i­su­
nad (va­ri­an­te­bi: umm la­i­sun, umm li­san)
wo­de­bul ara­bul da­sax­le­ba­Si ga­mov­le­
ni­li uc­no­bi sa­mo­nas­t­ro ke­ris naS­Te­bi.
is ma­Sin aR­mo­a­Ci­nes, ro­ca ad­gi­lob­ri­vi
mkvid­ris sax­lis asa­Se­neb­lad sa­Zir­k­ve­li
gaTxa­res. sam­wu­xa­rod, sak­ma­ri­si sax­s­re­
bis arar­se­bo­bis ga­mo is­ra­e­lel ar­qe­o­
log jon (i­on) ze­lig­mans qar­T­vel mec­ni­
er­Ta (i­u­lon ga­go­Si­Ze, gi­or­gi ga­go­Si­Ze,
da­viT cxa­da­Ze) jguf­Tan er­Tad daq­ce­u­li
mo­nas­t­ris mTli­a­nad Ses­wav­lis sa­Su­a­le­ba
ar mi­e­ca. amis Sem­deg erT-er­Ti nak­ve­Tis
me­pat­ro­nem ga­naTxa­ri Zeg­lis na­wi­li be­
to­nis sa­far­q­veS mo­aq­cia, me­o­re na­wi­li ki
ar­qe­o­lo­geb­ma sa­xel­da­xe­lod Se­mo­Ro­bes.
mo­za­i­kis frag­men­teb­Tan, mi­ni­sa da Ti­xis
Wur­W­le­u­lo­bas­Tan, kra­mit­Tan, sam­rek­
lo koS­k­Tan, Tli­li qviT mo­kir­wy­lul
ga­sas­v­le­leb­sa da ezo­eb­Tan er­Tad, ar­qe­o­
lo­gi­ur­ma gaTx­reb­ma uc­no­bi sa­mo­nas­t­ro
kom­p­leq­sis Se­mad­ge­ne­li sak­ma­od vrce­li,
rus­ti­re­bu­li (u­xe­Sad da­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li) qve­
biT mkvid­rad na­Se­ni ak­l­da­mac ga­mo­av­li­na.
Ta­vis mxriv, is odes­Rac mic­va­le­bu­lis
da­sas­ve­ne­be­li dar­ba­zis na­wi­li iyo. ak­
l­da­ma­Si ga­mov­lin­da 12 saf­la­vi 30 mo­na­
zo­ni qa­lis neS­te­biT. ak­l­da­mis (krip­tis)
siR­r­me­Si mde­ba­re sa­mar­xis qvis fi­la­ze ki
amok­ve­Ti­li aR­moC­n­da la­ma­zi asom­Tav­ru­
li war­we­ra Sem­de­gi teq­s­tiT: `e­se sa­mar­
xoÁ ioha­ne fur­ta­vel epis­ko­po­si­saÁ qar­
T­ve­li­saÁ~. dak­r­Za­lu­li ma­ma­ka­cis asa­ki
spe­ci­a­lis­teb­ma da­ax­lo­e­biT 66-67 wliT
gan­sazR­v­res. dad­gin­da mi­si gar­dac­va­le­
bis re­a­lu­ri mi­ze­zic (sax­s­re­bis ga­le­va).
mo­nas­t­ris moq­me­de­bis dro bi­zan­ti­ur
pe­ri­od­Si (324-638 ww.) mo­Tav­s­da, krip­ti­
se­u­li qar­Tu­li war­we­ra ki pa­le­og­ra­fi­
u­li niS­ne­biT V-VII sa­u­ku­ne­ebs mi­e­kuT­v­na.
ak­l­da­ma­Si dak­r­Za­lu­li neS­te­biT Tu
vim­s­je­lebT, umm le­i­sun­Si aR­mo­Ce­ni­li
aqam­de uc­no­bi qar­Tu­li mo­nas­t­ris bi­
nad­re­bi mo­na­zo­ni de­de­bi yo­fi­lan. we­ri­
lo­bi­Ti wya­ro­e­bi­dan Cven­T­vis cno­bi­lia
am dro­is­T­vis ibe­ri­i­dan ba­no­van­Ta mi­er
wmin­da mi­wis mo­loc­vis cal­ke­u­li Sem­
Tx­ve­ve­bi (mag., vax­tang gor­gas­lis de­di­
sa da uf­ro­si dis, ag­reT­ve wm. Su­Sa­ni­kis
rCe­viT ieru­sa­lim­Si mo­sa­lo­cad wa­su­li
Taboris mTa, sadac ufalma feri icvala da gadmocemiT, aq qarTvelebsac hqoniaT samlocvelo
spar­si qa­li­sa), mag­ram ase ad­re­ul ­ i pe­ri­
o­dis­T­vis wmin­da mi­wa­ze qar­T­vel de­da­Ta
sa­mo­nas­t­ro or­ga­ni­za­ci­is ar­se­bo­bis Se­
sa­xeb, faq­tob­ri­vad, cno­be­bi ar gvqo­nia.
umm le­i­sun­Si ga­mov­le­ni­li mo­nas­te­ri am
Tval­saz­ri­si­Tac did in­te­ress iw­vevs...
ieru­sa­lim­Tan ase­Ti ma­Ra­li do­nis na­
mo­nas­t­ra­lis ga­mov­le­na Ta­vis­Ta­vad Rir­
s­Se­sa­niS­na­vi iyo, mag­ram na­pov­ni qar­Tu­li
war­we­rac Za­li­an sa­yu­radRe­bo aR­moC­n­da.
ase ad­re­u­li xa­nis­T­vis sity­va `qar­T­ve­
lis~ uni­ka­lur we­ri­lo­biT for­mas rom
Ta­vi da­va­ne­boT, spe­ci­a­lis­t­Ta di­di in­te­
re­si ga­mo­iw­via ioha­nes fur­ta­vel epis­ko­
po­sad mox­se­ni­e­bis faq­t­mac. wmin­da mi­wa­ze
qris­ti­an­Ta sxva­das­x­va Te­mebs epis­ko­po­se­
bi Se­iZ­le­ba hyo­lo­daT ro­gorc ram­de­ni­me
sa­va­ne­Si, ise erT moz­r­dil mo­nas­ter­Sic.
bi­zan­ti­u­ri pe­ri­o­di­dan Cven­T­vis cno­bi­
lia pet­re ibe­ris mi­er da­vi­Tis koS­k­Tan
da­ar­se­bu­li iber­Ta (qar­T­vel­Ta) mo­nas­t­
ris erT-er­Ti ase­Ti epis­ko­po­sis vi­na­o­ba
(sa­mu­el). uf­ro mog­vi­a­ne­biT Ta­vi­si epis­
ko­po­si uCans macxov­ris saf­lav­sa da gol­
go­Ta­ze moR­va­we qar­T­vel ber-mo­na­zon­Ta
Zmo­ba­sac. ima­ve bi­zan­ti­ur pe­ri­od­Si bir
el-qut­Si ar­se­bul qar­Tul mo­nas­ter­sa da
umm le­i­sun­Si aR­mo­Ce­nil uc­nob mo­nas­ters
So­ris man­Zi­li sul ra­Rac 1,5 ki­lo­met­
ria. am­de­nad, ieru­sa­li­mis udab­no­Si im
dros mo­sag­re qar­T­ve­li ber-mo­naz­v­ne­bis
mra­val­ricxov­no­ba eWvs ar iw­vevs, es ki
xarebis
bazilikis
nawili
_ wminda
ojaxis
saxli
istoriani . noemberi 2014 27
q arTuli memkvidreoba wminda miwaze
da­saS­vebs xdis maT­T­vis sa­ku­Ta­ri epis­ko­
po­sis ar­se­bo­ba­sac.
war­we­ra­Si nax­se­ne­bi ioha­ne qar­T­ve­li
(i­be­ri­e­li), ro­gorc spe­ci­a­lis­te­bi fiq­
ro­ben, swo­red ad­gi­lob­ri­vi epis­ko­po­si
iyo, mi­si fur­ta­ve­lo­bi­dan ga­mom­di­na­re
ki ax­lan­de­li umm le­i­su­nis mi­da­mos an
iq aR­mo­Ce­ni­li uc­no­bi mo­nas­t­ris Zve­li
sa­xe­li fur­ta­vi an fur­ta un­da yo­fi­li­yo
(bo­lo­ki­dur a-sa da el-su­fiqss So­ris
qar­Tu­lis ni­a­dag­ze bu­neb­ri­vad Se­iZ­le­ba
gaC­n­des v-ini). ga­moT­q­mu­lia va­ra­u­de­bi
am sa­xe­lis ra­o­bis Se­sa­xe­bac. pro­fe­sor
Ta­mi­la mga­lob­liS­vi­lis mi­er war­mod­ge­
ni­li ori va­ri­an­ti­dan erT-er­Ti am sa­xels
gan­mar­tavs, ro­gorc wmin­da saw­na­xels,
war­moq­m­nils eb­ra­u­li fu­ra (saw­na­xe­li)
furtas monastris naSTebi umm leisunSi
28 istoriani . noemberi 2014
arabTa dasaxleba
umm leisuni ierusalimTan
da ara­me­u­li tav (wmin­da) sity­va­Ta kom­p­
leq­sis ni­a­dag­ze. me­o­re va­ri­an­tis mi­xed­
viT, ad­gi­lis sa­xels sa­fuZ­v­lad Se­iZ­le­ba
das­de­bo­da ara­me­u­li sity­va fur­ta, rac
ra­i­m e di­d is mci­re na­w ils aR­n iS­n avs.
gan­s­x­va­ve­bu­li ver­sia war­mo­ad­gi­na is­ra­
e­lel­ma mkvle­var­ma iana Ce­xa­no­vec­ma. man
fur­ta­ve­lis sa­fuZ­v­lad da­vi­Tis koS­k­Tan
bi­zan­ti­ur pe­ri­od­Si kav­ka­si­is al­ba­nel­
Ta kuT­v­ni­li par­ta­vis mo­nas­t­ris sa­xe­li
mi­iC­nia (es im dros al­ba­ne­Tis sa­tax­to
qa­la­qis sa­xel­wo­de­ba iyo da som­xur we­
ri­lo­biT wya­ro­eb­Si par­ta­vis, qar­Tul­Si
ki bar­da­vis an bar­das for­me­biT gvxvde­ba).
Cve­ni vfiq­robT, rom ioha­ne epis­ko­po­
sis ad­gil­sam­yof­lis sa­xe­li un­da aix­s­nas
la­Ti­nu­ri enis ni­a­dag­ze: Fur _ qur­di,
mZar­c­ve­li, ava­za­ki; Furtum, Furtus, Furti,
Furta... _ Zar­c­va, qur­do­ba, ya­Ca­Ro­ba, ava­
za­ko­ba; Furtivus _ na­qur­da­li, na­Zar­c­vi;
Furtive _ qur­du­li, ava­za­ku­ri, ya­Ca­Ru­ri
da sxv. cno­bi­lia, rom ro­ma­el­Ta ba­to­no­
bis xa­na­Si wmin­da mi­wa­ze la­Ti­nu­ri ad­gil­
sa­xe­le­bic gaC­n­da. zo­gi­er­Ti maT­ga­ni aq ad­
gi­lob­riv (eb­ra­ul, ara­me­ul...) sa­xe­lebs
Ca­e­nac­v­la. ar­qe­o­lo­gi­u­rad da­das­tu­re­
bu­lia, rom gvi­an­r o­ma­ul pe­ri­od­Si umm
le­i­su­nis mi­da­mo­eb­Si jer ki­dev ar­se­bob­da
eb­ra­u­li da­sax­le­ba. mag­ram mi­si eb­ra­u­li
sa­xel­wo­de­ba uc­no­bia. am­Ja­mad mxo­lod
is vi­ciT, rom qar­Tu­li mo­nas­t­ris aq ar­
se­bo­bis pe­ri­od­Si am ad­gils la­Ti­nu­ri
sa­xe­li fur­ta er­q­va. mo­nas­ter­sac TiT­qos
am ni­a­dag­ze da­um­k­vid­r­da igi­ve sa­xe­li. yve­
la­ze mar­ti­vi ax­s­na iq­ne­bo­da am ad­gi­lis

qurd-ava­zak­Ta bu­ded, mZar­c­vel­Ta sa­Ta­re­
So ala­gad miC­ne­va. mag­ram wmin­da sa­va­nis­
T­vis ase­Ti sa­xe­lis Ser­Ce­vis mi­ze­zi ma­inc
sa­xa­re­bi­se­u­li si­u­Je­tiT un­da yo­fi­li­yo
na­kar­na­xe­vi. ker­Zod, is macxo­var­Tan er­Tad
jvar­c­mul ava­za­kebs un­da ukav­Sir­de­bo­des.
qris­tes­Tan er­Tad jvar­c­mu­li ava­za­ke­bis
is­to­ria qris­ti­an­Ta msje­lo­bis sa­ga­ni iyo
Zvel­Ta­gan­ve. isi­ni ix­se­ni­e­bi­an him­nog­ra­fi­
a­Si, tro­pa­reb­Si, zi­a­re­bis­wi­na loc­va­Si,
wmin­da ma­me­bis qa­da­ge­beb­Si. mog­vi­a­ne­biT,
da­sav­le­Tis ka­To­li­kur­ma ek­le­si­am ke­
Til­go­ni­e­ri ava­za­kis xse­ne­bis dRec (25
mar­ti) da­a­we­sa.
wmin­da mi­wa­ze gav­r­ce­le­bu­li gvi­an­de­li
gad­mo­ce­mis Ta­nax­mad, qris­tes­Tan er­Tad
jvar­c­mu­li ava­za­ke­bi war­mo­So­biT bib­li­
ur xa­na­Si dRe­van­de­li lat­ru­nis (Zve­li
furtaveli
episkoposis _
iohanes epitafia.
daviT cxadaZis
foto
ema­u­sis, igi­ve ni­ko­po­lisis) mi­da­mo­eb­Si
ar­se­bu­li sof­li­dan iy­v­nen. es ver­sia
sak­ma­od gvi­an gaC­n­da, XIV sa­u­ku­ne­Si is
qris­ti­an­ma pi­lig­ri­meb­ma qurd-ava­zak­Ta
(Latrone) Tu ke­Til­go­ni­e­ri qur­dis (Do-
mus Boni Latronis) aR­m­niS­v­nel la­Ti­nur
sity­vebs da­u­kav­Si­res. Tum­ca uf­ro ad­rin­
de­li da gav­r­ce­le­bu­li ver­si­iT, ad­gi­lis
sa­xe­li lat­ru­ni jva­ro­san ra­in­d­Ta ci­xe­
si­mag­ris fran­gu­li sa­xel­wo­de­bi­da­naa La
To­ron des Che­va­li­ers (mxe­dar­Ta bor­c­vi)
mi­R e­bu­l i. ase­ve gvi­a n­d e­l ia xse­n e­bul
ava­zak­Ta war­mo­mav­lo­bis wm. ge­ra­si­mes lav­
ris (ka­la­mo­nis) mi­da­mo­eb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bis
ver­sia. sa­er­Tod, wmin­da­neb­Tan, bib­li­ur
ad­gi­leb­sa da mov­le­neb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT,
wmin­da mi­wa­ze sxva­das­x­va tra­di­ci­i­sa da
ver­si­is ar­se­bo­bis ara­er­Ti faq­ti das­tur­
furtas monastris
akldama,
iohane
furtavelis
saflaviT.
daviT
cxadaZis
foto
istoriani . noemberi 2014 29
q arTuli memkvidreoba wminda miwaze
wminda gerasimes lavra (kalamoni)
de­ba. am­de­nad, ver ga­mov­ricxavT im Se­saZ­
leb­lo­bas, rom umm le­i­sun­Si aR­mo­Ce­ni­li
qar­Tu­li mo­nas­t­ris sa­xel­wo­de­ba­Si jvar­
c­mu­li ava­za­ke­bis war­mo­So­bis ad­gil­ze
iyos mi­niS­ne­ba. am azrs ad­gi­lis am­Ja­min­
de­li ara­bu­li sa­xe­lic un­da emow­me­bo­des.
Tav­da­pir­ve­lad, is gad­mo­ce­me­bi ga­vix­se­
noT, rom­le­bic jvar­c­mi­se­ul ava­za­keb­Tan
da­kav­Si­re­biT Ca­mo­ya­lib­da mor­w­mu­ne­eb­Si.
oTx­Tav­Si arc ma­Ti sa­xe­le­bia gam­J­
Rav­ne­bu­li da arc war­mo­So­bis ad­gi­lia
mi­Ti­Te­bu­li. am `xar­vezs~ na­wi­lob­riv
apok­ri­fu­li teq­s­te­bi av­se­ben. pir­ve­lad
uk­ve IV sa­u­ku­niT da­Ta­ri­Re­bul `ni­ko­di­
mo­sis sa­xa­re­ba­Si~ Cnde­ba ma­Ti sa­xe­le­bi:
ke­Til­go­ni­e­ri ava­za­ki­sa _ ti­tus, xo­lo
ugu­nu­ri ava­za­ki­sa _ ges­tas, rom­le­bic
Sem­d­gom sa­u­ku­ne­eb­Si sxva­das­x­va va­ri­an­
te­biT gvxvde­ba. rac Se­e­xe­ba am ava­zak­Ta
sa­da­u­ro­bas, amis Se­sa­xeb mxo­lod di­o­ni­se
fur­no­ag­ra­fi­o­tis XVII-XVIII sa­u­ku­nis
er­mi­ni­a­Si (da­ri­ge­ba­ni fer­we­ris xe­lov­
ne­bis swav­lis­T­vis) gvaqvs mi­Ti­Te­ba: ke­
Til­go­ni­e­ri ava­za­ki TiT­qos ga­li­le­ve­lia,
xo­lo ugu­nu­ri ava­za­ki _ ieri­qo­ne­li.
apok­ri­ful teq­s­teb­Si gvxvde­ba zo­gi­er­Ti
sxva gad­mo­ce­mac. er­Ti ase­Ti gad­mo­ce­mis
Ta­nax­mad, ke­Til­go­ni­er­ma ava­zak­ma Ta­na­me­i­
na­xe ya­Ca­Re­bis­gan da­i­fa­ra udab­no­Si wmin­da
oja­xi, ro­ca ma­ri­am­ i da iose­bi yrma qris­
30 istoriani . noemberi 2014
te­TurT eg­vip­tis­ken mi­e­Su­re­bod­nen. me­o­re
gad­mo­ce­mas apok­ri­fu­li `sity­va saj­va­re
xis Se­sa­xeb~ (XII s.) gvam­c­nobs. he­ro­des
mi­er Cvil­Ta xoc­va-Jle­tis dros, wmin­da
oja­xi eg­vip­te­Si gaq­ce­vi­sas iude­is udab­
no­Si, er­Ti ava­za­kis sadgomis si­ax­lo­ves
da­sax­l­da. am uka­nas­k­nels im dros ori
va­Ji Se­e­Zi­na da mi­si co­li er­Ti Zu­Zu­Ti
ori­ves ver kve­bav­da. ma­ri­am­ma ga­mok­ve­ba
swo­red is bav­Sv­ i, ro­me­lic 30 wlis Sem­
deg jvar­c­mis sce­na­Si ke­Til­go­ni­er ava­za­
kad mog­vev­li­na... aR­niS­nu­li gad­mo­ce­ma
ava­za­ke­bis war­mo­So­bas iude­is udab­no­Si
ar­se­bul ro­me­li­Rac da­sax­le­bas ukav­Si­
rebs. umm le­i­su­nis ad­gi­lic ima­ve udab­nos
far­g­leb­Sia.
am mok­le eq­s­kur­sis Sem­deg ara­bul
sa­xel­wo­de­ba umm le­i­suns da­vub­run­deT.
mar­Ta­lia, ax­lan­de­li da­sax­le­ba mxo­lod
XX sa­u­ku­nis da­sawyis­Si gaC­n­da, mag­ram
mi­s i sa­xe­l i XIX sa­u­k u­n is bri­t a­n ul
ru­keb­z e­c aa da­t a­n i­l i umm el-aisu­n is
for­miT. ara­bul­Si `umm~ sity­vaT­war­mom­
q­m­ne­li ele­men­tis rols as­ru­lebs da
xSi­rad fi­gu­ri­rebs ad­gil-sa­xe­leb­Si.
sxva­das­x­va kon­teq­s­t­Si is niS­navs de­das,
sa­fuZ­vels (wya­ros), mTa­vars an um­Tav­ress,
bi­nas, bu­des da de­da­qa­laq­sac ki. bri­ta­
nul ru­keb­ze umm la­i­su­nis da­ma­xin­je­bul
gad­mo­ce­mas­Tan un­da gvqon­des saq­me. ra­o­
den ga­sak­vi­ric un­da iyos, sa­xe­lis dRes
ar­se­bul arc erT va­ri­ants (umm le­i­sun,
umm la­i­sun, umm li­san) ara­bu­lad ax­s­na ar
aqvs, Tum­ca is rom swo­red ara­bu­lia, ama­Si
eW­vis Se­ta­na Zne­lia. ro­gorc Cans, dRe­
van­de­li ad­gil­sa­xe­lis qveS ro­me­li­Rac
msgav­si JRe­ra­do­bis sity­va ima­le­ba. ase­
Tad Cven lis­sun (qur­di, ava­za­ki), lis­sin
(qur­di­sa, ava­za­ki­sa), lis­su­na (qur­de­bi,
ava­za­ke­bi), lis­si­na (qur­de­bi­sa, ava­zak­Ta)
gve­sa­xe­ba. ara­buls aqvs ag­reT­ve oro­bi­Ti
ricx­vic: lis­sa­ni (o­ri qur­di, ava­za­ki),
lli­sa­i­ni (o­ri qur­di­sa, ava­za­ki­sa). am
ma­ga­li­Te­bis mi­xed­viT, qar­Tu­li na­mo­nas­
t­ra­lis ad­gil­sam­yof­lis sa­xel­wo­de­ba
aix­s­ne­ba ro­gorc ori ava­za­kis/qur­dis
bi­na _ umm lli­sa­i­ni, ori mTa­va­ri ava­za­ki,
qur­di _ umm lis­sa­ni, ava­za­ke­bis, qur­de­bis
bu­de _ umm lis­si­na, mTa­va­ri an um­Tav­re­
si ava­za­ki, qur­di _ umm li­sun da a.S. (am
latruni (Zv. emausi), bizantiuri taZris naSTebi
sa­kiTx­Si ga­we­u­li sa­sar­geb­lo kon­sul­
ta­ci­is­T­vis did mad­lo­bas mo­vax­se­nebT
axal­gaz­r­da ara­bists, Tsu-s doq­to­rants,
ni­no sur­ma­vas).
Zvel (la­Ti­nur) da axal (a­ra­bul) ge­
og­ra­fi­ul sa­xel­wo­de­bebs So­ris se­man­ti­
ku­ri Tan­x­ved­ris faq­ti mar­T­lac iZ­le­va
imis Tqmis sa­fuZ­vels, rom ad­gi­li, sa­dac
V sa­u­ku­ne­Si da­fuZ­n­da qar­Tu­li mo­nas­te­
ri, odes­Rac da­kav­Si­re­bu­li iyo uZ­ve­les
da Sem­d­gom­Si mi­zez­Ta ga­mo da­viwye­bul,
macxo­var­Tan er­Tad jvar­c­mu­li ava­za­ke­bis
qristesTan erTad avazakTa jvarcmis scena (ian provoosti, XV-XVI ss.)
sa­da­u­ro­bis tra­di­ci­as­Tan. umm le­i­sun­
Si aR­mo­Ce­ni­li qar­Tu­li na­mo­nas­t­ra­lis
Sem­d­go­mi kvle­va, ime­dia, axa­li ma­sa­liT
ga­am­did­rebs Cvens cod­nas wmin­da mi­wa­ze
bi­zan­ti­u­ri pe­ri­o­dis qar­Tu­li ko­lo­ni­
is Se­sa­xeb.
be­sik xur­ci­la­va
stu doq­to­ran­ti, mos­wav­le axal­gaz­
r­do­bis erov­nu­li sa­sax­lis
sa­qar­T­ve­los is­to­ri­i­sa da
eT­nog­ra­fi­is gan­yo­fi­le­bis gam­ge
istoriani . noemberi 2014 31