u Cinari qarTuli ierusalimi

yofili qarTuli monastrebi

wminda miwaze

nawili II ierusalimi. Zveli qalaqi

ierusalimsa da mis SemogarenSi, garda Cvens wina werilebSi aRwerili eklesia-

monastrebisa, qarTvelTa araerTi sxva kerac arsebobda. maTi nawili dResac
gvxvdeba Zvel qalaqSi Tu mis farglebs miRma. qarTuli kvali iqac TiTqmis
srulad waSlilia. Tumca adgilobrivi zepiri gadmocemebi Tu materialur
ZeglTa fragmentebi mainc jiutad mowmoben Soreuli saqarTvelos Svilebis
mravalsaukunovani moRvaweobis faqts am miwaze.

wmin­da eka­te­ri­nes de­da­Ta mo­nas­te­ wlis er­Ti sa­bu­TiT is de­da­Ta mo­nas­t­rad

ri ker­Zo sax­lis ezo­Sia Zve­li qa­la­qis
qris­ti­a­nul uban­Si, fran­cis­kis qu­Ci­
dan el-xa­d a­d i­n ad wo­d e­bul mar­c xe­n a
Se­sax­vev­Si, ra­su­lis (mo­ci­qul­Ta) qu­Ca­
ze. we­ri­lo­biT wya­ro­eb­Si es mo­nas­te­ri
pir­ve­lad 1450 wels ix­se­ni­e­ba; Tum­ca,
sxva­das­x­va gad­mo­ce­mis Ta­nax­mad, igi XIII
sa­u­ku­ne­Sic qar­T­ve­lebs eka­vaT. ti­mo­Te
ga­baS­vi­li mo­nas­t­ris mSe­neb­lo­bas (Tu
ga­nax­le­bas) Si­da qar­T­lel did­g­va­r ov­
nebs, amir­bar fa­nas­ker­tel-ci­ciS­vil­sa
da ma­Ca­bels ukav­Si­reb­da. mi­si­ve sity­viT,
iq ma­Ti mo­sax­se­ne­be­lic yo­fi­la da­we­se­bu­
li. am wmin­da sa­va­nes ru­si ar­qi­man­d­ri­ti
le­o­n id ka­ve­l i­n ic qar­Tuls uwo­d ebs.
os­ma­le­Tis sul­T­nis su­le­i­man I-is 1517
wliT da­Ta­ri­Re­bul fir­man­Si ber­Z­ne­bi am
sa­va­nis maT­T­vis ga­da­ce­mas iTxo­ven. 1530
ix­se­ni­e­ba. amis Se­sa­xeb aR­niS­navs 1558-61
wleb­Si ru­si ba­si­li pos­ni­a­ko­vic. mar­Ta­
lia, es mo­nas­te­ri, sxve­bis msgav­sad, XVII
sa­u­ku­nis dam­degs ieru­sa­li­mis ber­Z­nu­li
sa­p at­r i­a r­q os xel­S i ga­d a­v i­d a, mag­r am
na­xe­va­ri sa­u­ku­nis Sem­deg ti­mo­Tes iq qar­
T­ve­li de­de­bi isev uxi­lavs. mo­nas­te­ri
wlis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si ume­te­sad da­ke­ti­lia
(taZ­ris ka­ri mxo­lod dRe­sas­wa­u­leb­ze
iRe­ba). ax­lan­de­li ta­Za­ri ga­nax­le­bu­lia
XIX sa­u­ku­nis da­sawyis­Si da qar­Tu­li
kva­li, sam­wu­xa­rod, iq ar­sad Se­i­niS­ne­ba.
mci­re pa­na­Ri­ad wo­de­bu­li sa­id­na­i­as
(sa­i­da­na­gi­as), ima­ve mir­q­mis an wmin­da anas
sa­xe­lo­bis de­da­Ta mo­nas­te­ri mde­ba­re­obs
Zve­li qa­la­qis qris­ti­a­nul uban­Si, sa­i­di­
as qu­Ca­ze. gad­mo­ce­miT, aq id­ga wmin­da anas
mSob­le­bis sax­li. sa­xel­wo­de­ba sa­id­naia

32 istoriani . Tebervali 2015

si­ri­i­dan ieru­sa­lim­Si mob­r­Za­ne­bul RvTis­
m­Sob­lis sas­wa­ul­moq­med xats ukav­Sir­de­ba.
ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vi­lis cno­biT, mo­nas­te­ri ra­
Wis eris­Ta­vebs augi­aT (an ga­nu­ax­le­bi­aT).
ieru­sa­li­mis pat­ri­ar­qi do­si­Te­o­sic am
sa­va­nes qar­T­vel­Ta kuT­v­ni­lad asa­xe­lebs.
sul­Tan meh­med IV-is mi­er 1686 wels ga­ce­
mul fir­man­Sic wmin­da anas sa­xe­liT nax­
se­ne­bi sa­va­ne ase­ve qar­Tu­lad iwo­de­ba. iq­ve
la­pa­ra­kia ber­Z­ne­bis­T­vis mi­si Se­ke­Te­bis
uf­le­bis mi­ce­ma­zec. 1758 wels ti­mo­Te ga­
baS­vils aq uxi­lavs qar­T­ve­li mo­naz­v­ne­bi,
Tum­ca ki sa­va­ne im dros ofi­ci­a­lu­rad uk­ve
ber­Z­nebs ekuT­v­no­da. mo­nas­t­ris na­ge­bo­
bam dRem­de di­di sa­xec­v­li­le­ba ga­ni­ca­da,
Tum­ca qar­Tul­ma sa­mec­ni­e­ro eq­s­pe­di­ci­am
am aTi­o­de wlis win taZ­ris Crdi­lo­eT
fa­sad­ze ma­inc da­a­fiq­si­ra Sua sa­u­ku­ne­e­bis­
d­ro­in­de­li (XI-XIII ss.) qar­Tu­li xu­roT­
moZR­v­re­bis frag­men­tu­li kva­li.
wmin­da Tek­las de­da­Ta mo­nas­te­ric ima­ve
dros da­uT­mi­aT qar­T­ve­lebs ber­Z­ne­bis­
T­vis, ra dro­sac wmin­da eka­te­ri­ne­sa da
wmin­da anas sa­va­ne­e­bi. es mci­re mo­nas­te­ri
ieru­sa­li­mis e.w. di­di ber­Z­nu­li mo­nas­t­
ris te­ri­to­ri­a­ze mde­ba­re­obs. mi­si er­Ti
na­w i­l i ieru­s a­l i­m is pat­r i­a rq Te­o­fa­
nes dros ig­des xelT ber­Z­neb­ma, me­o­re, wminda ekaterines monasteri
sam­x­re­Ti na­wi­li ki pat­ri­arq pa­i­si­oss
wminda anas monasteri (saidnaia)
Se­u­Ze­nia kop­te­bis­gan XVII sa­u­ku­nis Sua
xa­neb­Si. ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vi­li am sa­va­nis aR­m­
Se­neb­lad ieru­sa­li­mis jvris mo­nas­t­ris
wi­nam­ZR­var qris­te­fo­re zed­gi­ni­Ze­sa da mis
sag­va­re­u­los asa­xe­lebs. ima­ves gvam­c­nobs
de­ka­no­zi pet­re kon­WoS­vi­lic. ad­gi­lob­
ri­vi tra­di­ci­is Ta­nax­mad, sam­loc­ve­lo
am ad­gi­las uk­ve VI sa­u­ku­ne­Si mdga­ra.
qar­T­vel­Ta aq yof­nis faq­ti is­to­ri­u­li
sa­bu­Te­biT da­das­tu­re­bu­lia XIII-XVI sa­
u­ku­ne­e­bis­T­vis. sam­wu­xa­rod, dRes taZ­ris
fa­sa­di­dan gam­q­ra­lia qar­Tu­li war­we­ra,
ro­mel­Sic qa­ix ­ os­ro zed­gi­ni­Ze iyo nax­se­
ne­bi. Tum­ca ek­le­si­is max­lob­lad, ber­Zn­ u­
li sa­pat­ri­ar­qos te­ri­to­ri­a­ze, erT-er­Ti
se­na­kis sar­k­mel­Tan qar­Tul­ma sa­mec­ni­e­ro
eq­s­pe­di­ci­am am aTi­o­de wlis win mi­ak­v­lia
ke­del­Si Tav­da­yi­ra Cad­g­mul, la­ma­zad mo­
Car­Co­eb­ ul sxva war­we­ras, sa­id­ a­nac vi­gebT,
rom XV sa­u­ku­ne­Si vin­me zed­gi­ni­Ze­Ta­gans
Ta­vi­si mSob­le­bi­sa da qa­i­xos­ro zed­gi­ni­

istoriani . Tebervali 2015 33

u Cinari qarTuli ierusalimi

wminda Teklas monastris Sida ezo

warwera, romelic gvamcnobs, rom vinme
zedginiZes qalaqis centrSi rva saxli da
ocdarva kamara auSenebia

Zis su­lis Se­san­do­bad qa­la­qis cen­t­r­Si
auSe­ne­bia rva sax­li da oc­dar­va ka­ma­ra.
Cans, Zve­lad am wmin­da sa­va­ne­sa da mis mim­
de­ba­re te­ri­to­ri­as zed­gi­ni­Ze­Ta sag­va­re­
u­lo did yu­radRe­bas aq­cev­da.
wmin­da ioane ma­xa­reb­lis mo­nas­te­ri
ieru­sa­li­mis erT-erT uZ­ve­les qar­Tul
sa­va­nes war­mo­ad­gen­da. es, V sa­u­ku­ni­dan
XVI sa­uk­ u­nis 60-ian wle­bam­de qar­Tv­ el­
Ta mflo­be­lo­ba­Si myo­fi mo­nas­te­ri Zve­
li qa­la­qis Crdi­lo-da­sav­leT kuTxe­Si,
qris­ti­an­ ul uban­Si, `a­xal ka­rib­Wes­Tan~
mde­ba­re­obs. am mo­nas­t­ris qar­Tul kuT­
v­ni­le­ba­ze mi­u­Ti­Tebs Ta­vis Ca­na­we­reb­Si
VII-VIII sa­u­ku­ne­Ta mij­na­ze mcxov­re­bi
so­me­xi pi­lig­ri­mi anas­ta­si­u­si. ti­mo­Te
ga­baS­vi­li ki mo­nas­tr
­ is aR­Se­ne­bas (uf­ro,
ga­nax­le­bas) XIII Tu XIV sa­u­ku­ne­Si mcxov­
reb sam­cxis ro­me­li­Rac aTa­bag­sa da mis
sag­va­re­u­los ukav­Si­rebs. 1400 wlis­T­vis
mo­nas­te­ri je­rac qar­Tu­lia ber­Z­nu­li
sa­pat­ri­ar­qos an­ga­ri­Sis, fran­Ces­ko su­
ri­a­no­sa Tu sxva mog­za­ur­Ta Ca­na­we­re­bis
mi­xed­viT. mas qar­Tul sa­va­ned ix­se­ni­ebs
1479 wels J. Tuc­her-ic. sa­va­ne qar­T­ve­lebs
ram­den­jer­me ga­nu­ax­le­bi­aT, sul bo­los
_ XVI sa­uk­ u­nis da­sawyis­Si. faq­tob­ri­vad,
1561 wlam­de am mo­nas­ters yve­la qar­Tv­ el­
Ta kuT­vn­ i­lad mi­iC­nev­da, sa­nam os­ma­le­Tis
sul­Tan su­le­im­ an ka­nu­nis brZa­ne­biT, 1551
wels sa­va­ne si­o­nis mTi­dan Zvel qa­laq­Si
iZu­le­biT gad­mo­bar­ge­bul fran­cis­ka­ne­
lebs ar ga­da­ec ­ aT. ro­ca fran­cis­ka­ne­le­bi
Zvel qa­laq­Si sa­Ta­vi­so ad­gi­lis Ser­Ce­vas
Se­ud­g­nen, Se­niS­nes, rom iqa­u­ri ek­le­si­e­bis
di­di na­wi­li qar­T­vel­Ta xel­Si iyo. im­Ja­mad
am sa­va­ne­e­bis mkvid­r­Ta ricx­vi Zli­er Sem­
ci­re­bu­li yo­fi­la. ioane ma­xa­reb­lis mo­
nas­ter­Si im­Ja­mad sul sa­mi mo­na­zo­ni im­yo­
fe­bo­da. fran­cis­ka­nel­Ta ar­Ce­va­ni swo­red
am wmin­da sa­va­ne­ze Se­Cer­da da sul­Tan­mac
igi brZa­ne­biT ga­das­ca maT mflo­be­lo­
ba­Si. ita­li­ur ­ i da fran­gu­li wya­ro­eb­ is
cno­be­biT, wmin­da ioane ma­xa­reb­lis sa­va­ne
1559 wels qar­Tv­ el­Ta­gan Se­uZ­ e­nia fran­cis­
ka­nel­Ta wi­nam­ZR­var bo­ni­fa­ci­us ste­fa­ne
ra­gu­zels. mog­vi­a­ne­biT ase­ve qar­T­vel­
Ta­gan 80 flu­rad Se­us­yi­di­aT mo­nas­tr ­ is
mim­de­ba­re sax­li da baR-ve­na­xic, dam­xm­ a­re
na­ge­bo­be­bis na­wils ki ber­Z­ne­bi da­e­uf­l­nen
da iq wmin­da gi­or­gis mo­nas­te­ri mo­awy­ves.
qar­T­vel­Ta na­qo­ni mo­nas­t­ris axal­ma
me­pat­ro­ne­eb­ma _ fran­cis­ka­ne­leb­ma na­ge­
bo­ba Zir­fes­vi­an­ ad ise Sec­va­les, rom iqi­
dan qar­Tu­li kva­li sru­li­ad ga­aq­res. 1836
wlis sa­res­tav­ra­cio sa­mu­Sa­oe­ b­ is Se­de­gad

34 istoriani . Tebervali 2015


ki mo­nas­t­ris Se­no­bam mTli­a­nad ic­va­la
ier­sa­xe _ im mi­ze­ziT, rom igi da­an­gr ­ i­
es da mis ad­gi­las axa­li aaSe­nes. Zve­li
na­ge­bo­bis naS­Te­bi ax­la mxo­lod Se­no­bis
sar­daf­Si Tu Se­im­Cn­ e­va. mo­nas­ter­ma uwin­
de­li sa­xe­lic Se­ic­va­la. ka­To­li­ke­eb­ma mas
St. Sal­va­to­re („wmin­da mxsne­li~) uwo­des,
ad­gi­lob­ri­vi ara­be­bi ki Deir Amud-is
(`wmin­da sve­tis~) sa­xe­liT ix­se­ni­eb­ en da
am wmin­da sa­va­nis odin­del qar­Tu­lo­ba­ze
xsov­nas dRem­de ina­xa­ven. iq da­i­do bi­na
fran­cis­ka­nel­Ta kon­ven­t­ma, ro­me­lic ax­lo
aR­mo­sav­leT­Si am or­de­nis mTa­var centrs
war­mo­ad­gens. mo­nas­t­ris taZ­ris ukan ezo­Si
mdga­ri, XIV sa­uk­ u­ne­Si age­bu­li sam­rek­lo
qar­Tul ier­sa­xes XIX sa­uk­ u­nis da­sawyi­
sam­de inar­Cu­neb­da, mag­ram res­tav­ra­ci­is
Sem­deg, sxva na­ge­bo­be­bis msgav­sad, ma­nac
Zir­fes­vi­an­ i cvli­le­be­bi ga­ni­ca­da. am­Ja­mad
qar­Tul kvals iq spe­ci­al ­ is­te­bi frag­men­
tu­lad Se­mor­Ce­nil de­kor­Si Tu xe­da­ven.
XV sa­u­k u­n e­S i qar­T­ve­l ebs vxe­d avT
wmin­da ioane naT­lis­m­cem­lis mo­nas­ter­
Sic. igi mde­ba­re­obs mu­ris­ta­nis mo­ed­nis
si­a x­l o­ves da ieru­s a­l i­m is ber­Z­n u­l i
sa­pat­ri­ar­qos kuT­v­ni­le­bas war­mo­ad­gens.
sa­va­nes, ro­me­lic qris­ti­a­nu­li qu­Ci­sa da
da­vi­Tis qu­Cis kuTxe­Si dgas, Se­sas­v­le­li
yofili
wminda ioane
maxareblis
monasteri
ha-noc­ri­mis qu­Cis mxri­dan aqvs. am ad­gi­
las mo­nas­te­ri pir­ve­lad TiT­qos V sa­u­
ku­ne­Si, de­do­fal ev­do­ki­as dros Cnde­ba;
sxva mo­saz­re­biT, is er­Ti an ori sa­u­ku­niT
gvi­a­naa aSe­ne­bu­li. mah­ma­di­an­Ta­gan dar­
be­u­li sa­va­ne XI sa­u­ku­ne­Si aRud­ge­ni­aT
da ga­u­far­To­e­bi­aT jva­r os­nebs. taZ­ris
da­sav­le­Ti na­wi­li dgas bi­zan­ti­u­ri ek­
le­si­is naS­Teb­ze. 1099 wels swo­red aq
mkur­n a­l ob­d­n en qa­l a­q is dac­v is dros
daW­ril ra­in­debs, rom­leb­mac Sem­deg sa­
fuZ­ve­li Ca­u­ya­res hos­pi­ta­li­er­Ta cno­bil
or­dens. jva­ros­neb­ma ta­Zars mi­a­Se­nes ori
sam­rek­loc. X sa­u­ku­nem­de ad­gi­lob­ri­vi
qris­ti­a­ne­bi fiq­rob­d­nen, rom mo­nas­te­ri
za­qa­ri­as sax­lis ad­gil­ze id­ga, mag­ram
Sem­d­gom es az­ri Se­ic­va­la da ioane naT­
lis­m­cem­lis sax­lis ad­gi­lad en-qa­re­mi
dad­gin­da. dRe­is­T­vis sa­xe­ze gvaqvs or­
sar­Tu­li­a­ni na­ge­bo­ba, rom­lis pir­vel
sar­Tul­ze gan­Tav­se­bu­lia uf­ro ad­re­u­li
sam­loc­ve­lo. is jva­ro­san­Ta taZ­ris („san­
ta ma­ria gran­da~) nan­g­re­veb­zea age­bu­li.
me­o­re sar­Tul­ze gan­Tav­se­bul uf­ro gvi­
an­del ek­le­si­a­Si da­cu­lia wmin­da ioane
naT­lis­m­cem­lis Ta­vis na­wi­li, ro­me­lic
Ta­vis dro­ze bi­zan­ti­i­dan sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si
ga­u­xiz­navT da sul bo­los qar­T­ve­lebs
istoriani . Tebervali 2015 35
u Cinari qarTuli ierusalimi
wminda ioane naTlismcemlis monasteri
aR­niS­nul mo­nas­ter­Si da­ub­rZ­ a­ne­bi­aT. 1842
wels ta­Zars mo­ri­gi res­tav­ra­cia Ca­u­
tar­da, Tum­ca is ma­inc qa­la­qis erT-erT
uZ­ve­les mo­nas­t­ra­daa aRi­a­re­bu­li.
pir­ve­lad ti­mo­Te ga­baS­vil­Tan gvxvde­
ba qar­Tu­li tra­di­cia wmin­da iakob al­
fe­sis mo­nas­t­ris gi­or­gi ku­ra­pa­la­tis
mi­er aSe­ne­bis Se­sa­xeb. pet­re kon­WoS­vi­lis
cno­biT, gi­or­gim iakob ze­be­de­sis mo­nas­
te­ri aago. sa­va­nis ma­Se­neb­lis vi­na­o­ba
ka­maTs iw­vevs. er­T­ni mas me­fe gi­or­gi I-ad
mi­iC­ne­ven, me­o­re­ni _ gi­or­gi II-d, sxva­ni
ki, gi­or­gi V-d. am­Ja­min­de­li mo­nas­t­ris ad­
gil­ze wmin­da sa­va­ne uk­ve V sa­u­ku­nis­T­vis
ar­se­bob­da, ro­me­lic gad­mo­ce­mis Ta­nax­mad,
XI sa­u­ku­nis 20-30-ian wleb­Si qar­T­ve­lebs
aRud­ge­ni­aT, zo­gi­er­Ti cno­biT, pro­xo­re
Sav­Te­lis Ta­os­no­biT. am mo­nas­ters qar­T­
ve­le­bi mci­re xans flob­d­nen, XII sa­u­ku­
ne­Si mas som­xe­bi da­e­uf­l­nen da 1142-1165
36 istoriani . Tebervali 2015
wleb­Si Zir­fes­vi­a­nad ga­na­ax­les. erT-er­Ti
da­ud­ as­tu­re­be­li ver­si­iT, Tav­da­pir­ve­lad
qar­T­ve­leb­ma som­xebs es mo­nas­te­ri qi­riT
ga­das­ces, Sem­deg ki ukan ve­Rar da­ib­ru­nes.
XV sa­u­ku­ne­Si mo­nas­ters uk­ve qris­ti­
a­ni kop­te­bi da­e­uf­l­nen, Sem­deg aba­Se­bi
(e­Ti­o­pi­e­le­bi), 1595 wels isev som­xe­bi,
1658 wels _ ber­ Z­
ne­bi da 1666 wli­ dan
dRem­de mo­nas­t­ris me­pat­r o­ne­e­bi kvlav
som­xe­bi ari­an. 1511-1514 wleb­Si be­e­na Co­
lo­yaS­vi­lis mi­er som­xeb­Tan am mo­nas­t­ris
kuT­v­ni­le­bis Se­sa­xeb wa­mowye­bu­li da­va
uSe­de­go aR­moC­n­da, sa­va­ne som­xebs dar­CaT.
mo­nas­ters som­xeb­ma res­tav­ra­cia-ga­nax­
le­ba XVIII-XIX sa­u­ku­ne­eb­Sic Ca­u­ta­res.
is Zve­li qa­la­qis som­xur uban­Si, si­o­
nis ka­rib­Wis si­ax­lo­ves mde­ba­re­obs da
ad­g i­l ob­r i­v i som­x u­r i gri­g o­r i­a­n u­l i
ek­le­si­is mwyem­s­m­Tav­ris re­zi­den­ci­a­sac
war­m o­a d­g ens. mo­n as­t­r is wig­n­T­s a­c av­S i
da­cul ram­de­ni­me qar­Tul xel­na­wers Tu
ar Cav­T­v­liT, qar­Tu­li kva­li ad­gil­ze
aRar­sad Se­im­C­ne­va.
si­o­nis mTe­bis mkvid­r­Ta So­ris dRem­de
ar­se­bobs Zve­li gad­mo­ce­ma, rom wag­r­Ze­le­
bu­li for­mis mTis sam­x­re­TiT mde­ba­re erT
maR­lob­ze uwin id­ga mar­Ta­li svi­me­o­nis
sax­li ba­Ri­TurT. iq­ve iyo sa­o­ja­xo saf­
la­ve­bic. es ad­gi­li ieru­sa­li­mis cen­t­r­Si,
Zve­li qa­la­qis zRu­dis ga­reT, ka­ta­mo­nad
(berZn. „mo­nas­ter­Tan~, `mo­nas­t­ris gver­
diT~) sa­xel­de­bul uban­Si, ax­lan­de­li
gi­va­To­ra­ni­mis par­kis ter­ito­ri­a­ze mde­
ba­re­obs. am sa­xe­lis ga­go­ne­ba­ze mkiTx­vels
al­baT po­et irak­li aba­Si­Zis cno­bi­li
leq­s i „xma ka­t a­m on­Tan~ mo­a­g on­d e­b a...
ad­gil­ze siZ­ve­le­Ta­gan dRem­dea Se­mor­
Ce­ni­li di­di rus­ti­re­bu­li qve­bi (sa­gan­
ge­bod uxe­Sad da­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li ze­da­pi­riT),
wylis mi­wis­q­ve­Sa cis­ter­ne­bi, mo­za­i­kis
frag­men­te­bi. zo­gi­er­Ti gad­mo­ce­mis Ta­
nax­mad, am ad­gi­las mo­nas­t­ris da­fuZ­ne­ba
qar­T­ve­lebs ukav­Sir­de­ba. erT-er­Ti ase­Ti
gad­mo­ce­miT, 1177 wels qar­T­vel­ma me­fem
jva­r os­ne­bis wi­na­aR­m­deg eg­vip­tis sul­
Tan­Tan TiT­qos kav­Si­ri Sek­ra da mo­a­xer­xa
jvris mo­nas­t­ri­sa da ieru­sa­li­mis sxva
wmin­da sa­va­ne­e­bis ga­mox­s­na. maT da­sa­ca­vad
ki mo­nas­t­reb­sa da max­lo­bel sof­leb­Si
qar­T­ve­le­bi Ca­a­sax­la. sxva Tqmu­le­bis mi­
xed­viT, 1526 wels qar­T­lis me­fe gi­or­gi
IX-m, ka­xe­Tis me­fe le­van II-m da ime­re­Tis
me­fe bag­rat III-m sul­Tan su­le­i­man ka­nu­
nis mo­wo­de­biT ieru­sa­lim­ze ga­i­laS­q­res,
brZo­liT wa­ar­T­ves igi eg­vip­tis sul­Tans
da sa­nac­v­lod os­mal­Ta­gan mi­i­Res iqa­u­ri
qris­ti­a­nu­li sa­va­ne­e­bi, maT So­ris ka­ta­
mo­nis mo­nas­te­ric.
am le­gen­de­bis miR­ma zog­jer re­a­lu­
ri am­be­bis ga­mo­Za­xi­lic is­mis. cno­bi­lia,
rom 1520 wels jvris mo­nas­te­ri mar­T­lac
da­ub­ru­nes Tur­qeb­ma qar­T­ve­lebs. ase­ve
cno­bi­li faq­tia isic, rom ka­ta­mo­nis
wmin­da svi­me­on mar­T­lis sa­va­ne­ze jvris
mo­nas­t­ris saZ­mo zru­nav­da da rom qar­
Tu­li mo­nas­tr ­ e­bis usaf­rT­ xo­eb­ is uz­run­
vel­sa­yo­fad, vax­tang gor­gas­lis dro­i­dan
mo­yo­le­bu­li, TiT­qos qar­T­vel­Ta da­sax­le­
ba mo­nas­t­ri­dan da­sav­le­TiT ar­c­Tu Sors
mde­ba­re mal­xa­Si mar­T­lac ar­se­bob­da. es
mo­nas­te­ri ix­se­ni­e­ba sul­Tan su­le­i­man ka­
nu­nis 1517 wliT da­Ta­ri­Re­bul fir­man­Si.
mog­za­ur tob­le­nis cno­biT, 1483 da 1519
wleb­Si am ad­gi­las mdga­ra Zve­li, moz­r­
di­li, 20 met­ri si­maR­lis koS­ki, uk­ve na­
wi­lob­riv dar­Rv­ e­ul ­ i da bev­ri daq­ce­ul­ i
oTa­ xiT. Tum­ ca uk­ ve 1542 wels es koS­ ki
uke­Tes mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si yo­fi­la. sxva mo­na­
ce­me­biT, am ad­gi­las 1620 wels jer ki­dev
Se­i­niS­ne­bo­da na­wi­lob­riv dan­g­re­u­li am
koS­kis msgav­si Se­no­ba, ro­mel­Sic Ta­vis
dro­ze aT­ze me­ti sacxov­re­be­li oTa­xi iyo
qar­T­ve­li be­re­bis­T­vis. fiq­ro­ben, rom is
im dros da­zi­an­da da qar­T­vel­ma me­fe­eb­ma
ma­le­ve isev aRad­gi­nes. tob­le­nis­ve cno­
biT, 1646 wels Can­ da oTx­ kuTxa ma­ Ra­li
koS­ki mci­re ga­u­kac­ri­e­le­bu­li se­na­ke­biT.
am nan­g­re­vebs zog­jer mo­sa­lo­cad stum­
rob­d­nen la­Ti­ni be­re­bi (mi­no­ri­te­bi anu
fran­cis­ka­ne­le­bi). mag­ram mas Sem­deg, rac
iq mah­ma­di­an­ma ara­beb­mac ga­mar­Tes Ta­vi­an­Ti
sa­lo­ca­vi, be­reb­ma im ad­gi­lis mo­loc­va
Sewy­vi­tes. 1666 wels ad­gil­ze faq­tob­ri­
vad nan­g­re­ve­bis gro­va iyo dar­Ce­ni­li. 1738
wels ga­u­kac­ri­e­le­bul koS­k­ze Tva­lis­T­vis
jer ki­dev sa­xil­ve­li yo­fi­la qar­Tu­li
war­we­ra. am koS­k­ma iar­se­ba 1859 wlam­de,
ro­de­sac er­T­ma ber­ma, sa­xe­lad ab­ra­am­ma,
mi­si aR­d­ge­nis dros mi­ag­no uk­ve da­na­wev­
re­bul qar­Tul war­we­ras. sa­kur­Txe­vel­Si,
tra­pe­zis mar­cx­niv iatak­Si Cad­g­mu­li mi­si
frag­men­ti Ta­vis dro­ze una­xavs aleq­san­d­
re ca­ga­rels. gri­gol fe­ra­Zem ki war­we­ris
sa­mi frag­men­ti ixi­la. qar­T­vel mec­ni­er­Ta
aTi­o­de wlis win mowyo­bil­ma eq­s­pe­di­ci­am,
sam­wu­xa­rod, maT­gan mxo­lod erTs mi­ag­no.
igi ek­le­si­is in­te­ri­e­ris Crdi­lo-da­sav­
leT kuTxe­Si ido (Sar­San mo­nas­ter­Si mis­
v­li­sas am ad­gi­las aRar dag­v­x­ved­ria; mi­si
ad­gil­sam­yof­lis Se­sa­xeb in­for­ma­cia verc
iqa­u­ri mRvdel­m­sa­xu­ri­sa da mo­naz­v­ne­bis­
gan mi­vi­ReT). asom­Tav­ru­liT Ses­ru­le­bu­li
war­we­ris frag­men­t­Si sul Svi­di sity­vis
amo­kiTx­va mo­xer­x­da, maT So­ris „qu­Ta­Te­
li­sa~. Tvi­Ton war­we­ras pa­le­og­ra­fi­u­li
niS­ne­biT XII-XIII sa­u­ku­ne­e­biT aTa­ri­Re­ben.
mo­nas­ter­Si uk­ve X sa­u­ku­nis­T­vis qar­T­
ve­li be­re­bis yof­nas mow­mobs 983 wels
iero­mo­na­zon (mRvdel­mo­na­zon) mi­qa­e­lis
ka­ta­mo­ne­lad mox­se­ni­e­bis faq­tic. ax­lan­
de­li ta­Za­ri 1888 wels ikur­Txa. mis mar­
cxe­na na­wil­Si mar­Ta­li svi­me­o­nis ca­ri­e­li
saf­la­via. wmin­da na­wi­le­bi Ta­vis dro­ze
kon­s­tan­ti­no­pol­Si ga­da­i­ta­nes, iqi­dan ki
_ xor­va­ti­a­Si. taZ­ris mrevls 1948 wlam­de
ka­ta­mo­ne­li qris­ti­a­ni ara­bo­ba war­mo­ad­
gen­da. Sem­d­gom­Si maT da­to­ves es uba­ni da
dRes san si­mo­nad wo­de­bul sa­va­nes mud­mi­vi
mrev­li aRar hyavs.
wi­nas­war­mety­vel sa­mu­e­lis mo­nas­te­
ri („na­bi­sam­vil~//„mo­ci­qu­li sa­mu­e­li~)
wminda iakob alfesis
monasteri
istoriani . Tebervali 2015 37
u Cinari qarTuli ierusalimi
jer ki­dev bi­zan­ti­ur pe­ri­od­Si (V-VII ss.)
ar­se­bob­da. pro­ko­pi ke­sa­ri­e­lis cno­biT,
im­pe­ra­tor ius­ti­ni­a­ne dids am sa­va­nis
mkvid­r­Ta wyliT mo­ma­ra­ge­bis­T­vis ad­gil­
ze Wa ga­uTx­re­vi­ne­bia. dRes bi­zan­ti­u­ri
mo­nas­t­ris­gan mci­re­di ram Tu Se­mor­Ca.
ome­i­a­di xa­li­fe­bis epo­qis­d­ro­in­del qu­
ra­Si na­povn qoT­nis sa­xe­lur­ze gvxvde­ba
ara­bu­l i war­w e­r a: `de­i r­s am­v il~, rac
mow­mobs aq jva­ros­ne­bis ga­mo­Ce­nam­de wi­nas­
war­mety­ve­lis sa­xe­lo­ba­ze mo­nas­t­ris ar­
se­bo­bas. sa­va­ne ieru­sa­li­mis Se­mo­ga­ren­Si,
ra­mo­Tis ub­nis Crdi­lo-da­sav­le­TiT, e.w.
si­xa­ru­lis mTa­ze (laT. Mons Gaudi) mde­
ba­re­obs. gza iafos nav­sad­gur­sa da ieru­
sa­lims So­ris Zve­lad swo­red aq ga­di­o­da.
jva­ro­san­Ta pir­ve­li laS­qr ­ o­bis qro­ni­kis
av­to­ris Ray­mond D’Aguilers-is cno­biT,
1099 wlis 7 iv­niss am maR­lo­bi­dan ixi­les
pir­ve­lad jva­ros­neb­ma wmin­da qa­la­qi da
mTis sa­xel­wo­de­ba swo­red ma­Ti Ser­q­me­u­
lia. jva­r os­neb­ma bi­zan­ti­u­ri ek­le­si­is
sa­Zir­k­vel­ze (ro­me­lic maT praq­ti­ku­lad
sru­li­ad da­an­gr ­ i­es), aages axa­li ta­Za­ri,
ro­me­lic pir­ve­lad 1157 wels ix­se­ni­e­ba
wmin­da saf­la­vis taZ­ris sa­bu­Teb­Si. mag­
ram uk­ve 1187 wels, ro­de­sac mo­nas­te­ri
mah­ma­di­a­neb­ma da­ar­bi­es, mi­si bi­nad­re­bi
iZu­le­bu­li gax­d­nen, zRvis­pi­ra ci­xe-qa­laq
akos­T­vis Se­e­fa­re­bi­naT Ta­vi. ieru­sa­li­mis
dapy­r o­bis Sem­deg uk­ve sul­Tan­ma sa­la­
din­ma da­a­Se­na me­Ce­Ti jva­ros­ne­bis taZ­ris
38 istoriani . Tebervali 2015
wminda
svimeon
marTlis
monasteri
katamonSi
sa­fuZ­vel­ze. 1192 wels si­xa­ru­lis mTa­ze
ram­de­ni­me sa­a­Ti ga­a­ta­ra wmin­da qa­la­qis
ur­ju­lo­Ta­gan ga­mo­sax­s­ne­lad mi­ma­val­ma
me­fe ri­Card lom­gul­ma. sa­mu­e­lis mo­
nas­t­ris Se­sa­xeb cno­bebs gvaw­v­di­an XIII
sa­u­ku­nis ara­bi av­to­re­bic al-mu­qa­da­si
da iaku­Tal-ha­maui. 1219 wels aiubi­de­bis
di­nas­ti­is sul­Tan­ma al-mu­az­zam­ma da­an­
g­ria mo­nas­t­ris kom­p­leq­si, xo­lo 1738
wels mus­li­meb­ma uk­ve ek­le­si­ac mi­iT­vi­ses
da igi me­Ce­Tis na­wi­lad aq­ci­es.
es ad­gi­li tra­di­ci­u­lad sa­mu­el wi­
nas­war­m ety­ve­l is saf­l a­vad mi­i C­n e­o­d a.
XIV sa­u­ku­ni­dan mo­yo­le­bu­li aq loc­vis
uf­le­bis­T­vis er­T­ma­neT­Si cxa­red da­ob­
d­nen eb­ra­e­le­bi da mus­li­me­bi. 1730 wels
Tur­qeb­ma eb­ra­e­lebs sa­er­Tod auk­r­Za­les
sa­lo­ca­vad iq mis­v­la (maT es uf­le­ba di­di
xnis Sem­deg, 1967 wli­dan aRid­gi­nes). qar­
T­ve­li be­re­bi mo­nas­ter­Si sak­ma­od ad­re,
XI-XII sa­u­ku­ne­eb­Si Ca­nan. maT saZ­mos aq
sa­ku­Ta­ri iRu­me­ni hyav­da. erT-erT aseTs,
vin­me ioane uxa­murs iqa­u­ri qar­Tu­li saZ­
mos­T­vis ga­da­u­we­ria wmin­da ioane oq­ro­
pi­ris Txzu­le­ba­Ta Sem­c­ve­li xel­na­we­ri,
rom­lis mi­na­wer­Si Ta­na­mo­sag­re­ebs mkac­rad
af­r­Txi­leb­da, xe­li ar ax­loT da mo­nas­
t­ri­dan ar­sad ar wa­i­Ro­To. kon­k­re­tu­lad
ra dro­i­dan im­yo­fe­bod­nen qar­T­ve­le­bi
am sa­va­ne­Si an ro­dis da­to­ves sa­bo­lo­od
igi, jer­je­ro­biT bo­lom­de ga­mor­k­ve­u­li
ar aris.

ieru­sa­li­mis rok­fe­le­ris mu­ze­um­Si
ina­xe­ba e.w. da­vi­Tis koS­k­Tan V sa­u­ku­nis
Sua xa­neb­Si pet­re ibe­ris mi­er age­bu­li
qar­T­vel­Ta (i­ber­Ta) mo­nas­t­ris epis­ko­
po­sis _ sa­mu­e­lis VI-VII sa­u­ku­ne­e­biT
da­Ta­ri­Re­bu­li ber­Z­nu­li epi­ta­fia. is
iafos ka­r ib­Wis si­a x­l o­ves, qa­l a­q is
zRu­dis ga­reT, qris­ti­a­nul sa­saf­la­o­ze
ipo­ves ga­sul sa­u­ku­ne­Si. sa­u­ku­nis bo­
los ieru­sa­li­mis ga­re­u­ban be­iT sa­fa­fas
max­lob­lad aR­mo­Ce­ni­li na­mo­nas­t­ra­lis
te­ri­to­ri­a­ze ar­qe­o­lo­geb­ma ga­mo­av­li­nes
ki­dev er­Ti ber­Z­nu­li mo­za­i­ku­ri war­we­ra,
ro­mel­Sic, is­ra­el ­ e­li mec­ni­e­ris, Leah Di
Seg­ni-s az­riT, igi­ve sa­mu­e­lia nax­se­ne­bi.
war­we­ra Ta­ri­Ri­a­nia. iq mi­Ti­Te­bu­li dro
_ „da­sa­ba­miT­gan 6200 we­li~ qar­Tu­li
qris­ti­a­nu­li wel­TaR­ricx­viT ian­ga­ri­Se­
ba da gvaZ­levs war­we­ris Seq­m­nis Ta­riRs
_ 596 wels. ro­gorc Cans, be­iT sa­fa­fas
na­mo­nas­t­ra­lis Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si bi­zan­ti­u­ri
xa­nis ki­dev erT uc­nob qar­Tul sa­va­nes­Tan
gvaqvs saq­me. qar­Tu­li wel­TaR­ricx­vis
uk­ve VI sa­u­ku­ne­Si ga­mo­ye­ne­bis faq­ti ki
mar­T­lac sa­yu­radRe­boa, rad­gan qar­Tul
we­ri­lo­biT wya­r o­eb­Si mi­si ga­mo­ye­ne­ba
ara­u­ad­res IX sa­u­ku­niT Ta­riR­de­ba. war­
we­ris ber­Z­nu­lad Ses­ru­le­bis faq­ti mi­si
qar­T­vel­TaT­vis mi­kuT­v­ne­bis azrs ver ga­
a­ba­Ti­lebs, rad­gan bi­zan­ti­ur pe­ri­o­dis
ieru­sa­lim­Si ber­Z­nu­li lin­gu­af­ran­ca
gax­l­daT da iber­Ta mo­nas­t­ris epis­ko­pos
nebi
samueli
sa­mu­e­lis ze­moT nax­se­ne­bi epi­ta­fi­ac xom
ase­ve ber­Z­nu­li eni­Taa Ses­ru­le­bu­li. sxva­
Ta So­ris, qar­Tu­lis gver­diT ber­Z­nu­li
war­we­ris naS­Ti gvxvde­ba bir el-qu­tis
qar­Tul na­mo­nas­t­ral­zec. ki­dev er­Ti sa­
gu­lis­x­mo ni­u­an­si spe­ci­a­lis­teb­ma be­iT
sa­fa­fas war­we­ra­Si Se­niS­nes _ ber­Z­nu­li
mar­T­l­we­ris nor­me­bis alag-alag dar­
R­ve­vis Tval­Si sa­ce­mi faq­ti. es eW­v­q­veS
aye­nebs war­we­ris av­to­ris ga­wa­fu­lo­bas
am ena­Si; sa­va­ra­u­dod, igi ber­Ze­ni ar un­da
yo­fi­li­yo.
sa­in­te­re­soa, rom be­iT sa­fa­fas na­
mo­nas­t­ra­li sxva qar­Tu­li sa­mo­nas­t­r o
ke­re­bis So­ri­ax­los mde­ba­re­obs. mis­gan
Crdi­lo­e­TiT ka­ta­mo­ni da jva­ria, aR­mo­
sav­le­TiT ki _ bir el-qu­ti da umm le­
i­su­ni. sa­xel­gan­T­q­mul pet­re ibers, mi­si
bi­og­ra­fis cno­biT, V sa­u­ku­ne­Si ieru­sa­
li­mis Se­mo­ga­ren­sa da ax­lo­max­lo sof­
leb­Si bev­ri ek­le­sia-mo­nas­te­ri auSe­ne­bia.
sam­wu­xa­rod, be­iT sa­fa­fa­si ar iyos, Cven
jer­je­ro­biT ma­Ti arc sa­xe­le­bi vi­ciT da
arc zus­ti ad­gil­m­de­ba­re­o­ba. mo­ma­va­li ar­
qe­o­lo­gi­u­ri Zi­e­be­bi, ime­dia, ki­dev ara­erT
uc­nob qar­Tul ar­te­faqts ga­mo­am­ze­u­rebs
wmin­da mi­wa­ze.
be­sik xur­ci­la­va
stu doq­to­ran­ti, mos­wav­le
axal­gaz­r­do­bis erov­nu­li sa­sax­lis
sa­qar­T­ve­los is­to­ri­i­sa da
eT­nog­ra­fi­is gan­yo­fi­le­bis gam­ge
istoriani . Tebervali 2015 39