kalendari qarTuli

wminda miwaze
`Sobili~
qarTuli
qristianuli
kalendari
qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo
ideologiis rangSi ayvana bunebrivad
aCenda saWiroebas, rom yovelive
Zvels, winaqristianuls Tvisobrivi
ganaxleba ganecada qristianuli
swavlebis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad.
Zveli, warmarTuli kultura da
ideologia an axals, qristianuls
unda misadageboda, an arada, mTlianad
yofiliyo uaryofili. amieridan
yvelaferi qristianuli eklesiis
moTxovnebsa da saWiroebas unda
daqvemdebareboda. am moTxovnebSi didi
samyaros Seqmnis scena (XII s.)
adgili eWira kalendars. mis gareSe
saeklesio yovelwliuri liturgiuli cikli ubralod ver iarsebebda.
drois Sesaxeb qristianTa warmodgenebs ganapirobebda bibliuri kosmogonia
(moZRvreba samyaros warmoSobis an Seqmnis Sesaxeb) da es warmodgenebi
imTaviTve esqatologiuri (moZRvreba samyaros aRsasrulze) xasiaTis iyo.
Tumca sxvadasxva qveyanaSi morwmuneTa warmodgenebi erTgvarovani ar yofila.
IV saukuneSi bunebiT kosmopolituri qristianobis wiaRSi Tavi iCina erovnuli
aspeqtebis mZlavrma Semodinebam. am process miRma arc imdroindeli qarTuli
qristianuli sazogadoeba darCenila. qarTuli qristianuli welTaRricxva
swored imdroindeli sazogadoebis msoflgagebis nimuSs warmoadgens.

ratom ver Seiqmneboda qarTuli asomTavruli

winaqristianul periodSi
qris­ti­a­nu­li wel­TaR­ricx­vis `da­sa­
ba­miT­gan~ sis­te­mis uad­res ni­mu­Sebs ax.w.
II sa­u­ku­nis mwe­ral­Ta Sro­meb­Si vxvde­biT.
III sa­u­ku­ne­Si seq­s­tus iuli­us af­ri­kel­
ma, Zve­li da axa­li aR­T­q­mis mo­na­ce­me­bis
sa­fuZ­vel­ze, Ca­mo­ay­ a­li­ba wel­TaR­ricx­vis
sis­te­ma, rom­lis mi­xed­vi­Tac, sam­ya­r os
Seq­m­nis mo­men­ti­dan qris­tes da­ba­de­bam­
de ga­su­li dro­is mo­nak­ve­Ti ga­ni­sazR­v­ra
5500 wliT. qris­tes da­ba­de­bis sim­bo­lu­ri
dro, am wel­TaR­ricx­vis mi­xed­viT, mo­Tav­s­
da `da­ba­de­ba­Si~ nax­se­ne­bi `me­eq­v­se dRis~
far­g­leb­Si (ra dro­sac Rmer­T­ma Seq­m­na
ka­cob­ri­o­bis mod­g­mis wi­na­pa­ri _ ada­mi;
qris­te ki, Zve­li sa­ek­le­sio war­mod­ge­nis
Ta­nax­mad, mo­i­saz­re­bo­da ro­gorc `a­xa­li
ada­mi~). saT­va­lav­Si iyo mi­Re­bu­li da­viT
wi­n as­war­m ety­ve­l is cno­b i­l i sity­ve­b i
er­Ti dRis aTas we­li­wad­Tan to­lo­bis
Se­sa­xeb da sam­ya­r os ar­se­bo­bis sru­li

24 istoriani . dekemberi 2016

xan­g­r­Z­li­vo­ba, da­sa­ba­mi­dan aR­sas­ru­lam­ lo­ba­Si, ra­sac moh­y­va das­ve­ne­bis meS­vi­de
de, 6000 wliT ga­ni­sazR­v­ra (6*1000=6000). dRe, ise am da­ce­mu­li sam­ya­ros gar­daq­m­na
ase­Ti war­mod­ge­na, ro­gorc ax­la ga­ axal cad da axal mi­wad gan­xor­ci­el­de­ba
mor­k­ve­u­lia, sa­Ta­ves iRebs bar­na­ba mo­ di­di eq­v­si­a­Tas­w­li­a­ni dRe­e­bis gas­ru­le­
ci­qu­lis epis­to­le­dan (15,4) da gvxvde­ba bis Sem­deg; da ma­Sin ki dad­ge­ba ufa­li ieso
II-IV sa­u­ku­ne­e­bis cno­bil qris­ti­an eg­ qris­tes mSvi­do­bi­a­ni me­fo­ba, ro­mel­sac
ze­get­Ta (saR­m­r­To we­ri­lis komentato- da­sas­ru­li ar eq­ne­ba~.
rebis) _ iri­ne­os li­o­ne­lis, kli­men­ti IV sa­uk­ u­nis da­sawyi­sis­Tv­ is auci­le­be­
aleq­s an­d­r i­e­l is, ipo­l i­t e ro­m a­e­l is, li gax­da sa­aR­d­go­mo pas­qa­li­is (kre­bu­li
lak­tan­ci­u­sis, ne­ta­ri av­gus­ti­ne­sa da we­se­bi­sa, ro­mel­Ta mi­xed­vi­Tac ar­k­ve­ven,
sxva­Ta Sro­meb­Si. III sa­u­ku­ne­Si­ve, ma­Tes ro­dis mo­dis aR­d­go­ma yo­vel cal­ke­ul
sa­xa­re­bis XX Tav­Si moTx­r o­bi­li me­ve­na­ wels) mo­wes­ri­ge­ba. ga­dawy­da, rom aR­d­go­
xis iga­vis gan­mar­te­bis sa­fuZ­vel­ze, Cnde­ba ma aR­niS­nu­li­yo srul­mT ­ v­ a­re­ob­ is Sem­dg
­ om
war­mod­ge­na _ dRis 12 sa­aT ­ is Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, pir­vel kvi­ra dRes, ro­me­lic dad­ge­bo­da
sam­ya­r os ar­se­bo­bis sru­li dro­is (a­nu ga­zafxu­lis dRe­Ram­to­lo­bis Sem­deg. swo­
6000 wlis) 12 xu­Tas­w­li­an mo­nak­ve­Te­bad red am miz­niT Se­mo­iR ­ o ek­le­si­am 532-wli­
da­yo­fis Se­sa­xeb. `me-11 sa­a­TiT~ aRi­niS­ a­ni cik­li, rad­gan am pe­ri­o­dis amo­wur­vis
na qris­tes am­q­vey­nad mos­v­lis (da­ba­de­ Sem­deg, pas­qa­lu­ri axal­m­T­va­re­o­bis Ta­ri­
bis) Ja­mi da amis mi­xed­viT ga­ni­sazR­v­ra Re­bi Tav­da­pir­vel dRe­eb­sa da ricx­vebs
macxov­ris da­ba­de­bis pi­r o­bi­Ti droc: ub­run­de­ba. 325 wels qa­laq ni­ke­a­Si ga­
11*500=5500 we­li­wa­di sam­ya­r os da­sa­ba­
mi­dan. iga­vis `me-12 sa­a­Ti~ ki, ima­ve war­
mod­ge­niT, sam­ya­ros da­sas­ru­li­sa da qris­
tes me­o­red mos­v­lis aR­m­niS­v­ne­li iyo:
12*500=6000 we­li sam­ya­r os da­sa­ba­mi­dan.
qris­tes me­o­red mos­v­lis, sa­Si­ne­li
sam­s­jav­r o­sa da cod­vi­li sam­ya­r os aR­
sas­ru­lis idea ad­req­ris­ti­a­nu­li pe­ri­o­
dis mor­w­mu­ne­Ta ri­geb­Si gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li
sim­Zaf­ri­Ta da op­ti­miz­miT aRiq­me­bo­da,
udi­de­si po­pu­la­ro­biT sar­geb­lob­da da es
sa­er­To gan­wyo­bi­le­ba ka­non­zo­mi­e­rad aisa­
xa qris­ti­a­nu­li wel­TaR­ricx­vis im dros
Ca­mo­ya­li­be­bul sis­te­meb­Sic. ze­mo­aR­niS­
nu­li ga­moT­v­le­bi im­de­nad qro­no­lo­gi­ur
mo­saz­re­bebs ki ar efuZ­ne­bo­da, ram­de­na­dac
kon­k­re­tu­li pi­re­bis mis­ti­kur-ale­go­ri­
ul war­mod­ge­nebs. amis sa­i­lus­t­ra­ci­od
ga­mod­ge­ba Tun­dac ar­qi­e­pis­ko­pos ire­nar­ qristes uZvelesi gamosaxuleba alfa da omegas
qe po­po­vis (1790-1877 ww.) sity­ve­bic: `am warweriT, romis katakombidan (IV s.)
sam­ya­ros ar­se­bo­ba mi­si ar­se­bu­li sa­xiT alfa da omega wilknis akldamis kedelze (IV-V ss.)
gag­r­Zel­de­ba 6 aTas we­li­wads: 2 aTa­si
we­li­wa­di rju­lis ka­no­nis da­we­ram­de, 2
aTa­si we­li­wa­di rju­lis ka­no­nis qveS da
2 aTa­si we­li­wa­di me­sia-qris­tes mad­l­mo­
si­li mmar­T­ve­lo­bis qveS, da aR­niS­nu­li 6
aTa­si wlis gas­ru­le­bas moh­y­ve­ba qris­tes
me­o­red mos­v­la..., mo­ci­qu­li (II pet­re. 3,8)
ux­s­nis mor­w­mu­ne­ebs... im azrs, rom ro­
gorc es sam­ya­ro iq­m­ne­bo­da 6 dRis gan­mav­

istoriani . dekemberi 2016 25

kalendari qarTuli
davaTis stela. qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis
amaRlebis scena, dasabamiTgan `me-11 saaTze~
miniSnebiT. anbanis 37-ive aso-niSani amokawrulia
figurebs Soris Tevzis siluetze
26 istoriani . dekemberi 2016
mar­Tul­ma I msof­lio sa­ek­le­sio kre­bam,
532-wli­a­ni `di­di in­diq­ti­o­ni~ aRi­a­ra
mi­sa­Reb sa­Su­a­le­bad sa­aR­d­go­mo pas­qa­li­is
mo­wes­ri­ge­bis­T­vis.
***
qar­Tu­li qris­ti­a­nu­li wel­TaR­ricx­va
war­mod­ge­ni­lia 5604-wli­a­ni `da­sa­ba­miT­ga­
ni­sa~ da 532-wli­a­ni cik­le­bis­gan Sem­d­ga­ri
`qo­ro­ni­ko­nis~ er­Tob­li­o­bis sa­xiT. am ka­
len­da­rul sis­te­ma­Si wlis da­sawyis Ta­ri­
Rad aRe­bu­lia 25 mar­ti. ad­req­ris­ti­a­nu­li
xa­nis mor­w­mu­ne­Ta wre­Si es Ta­ri­Ri fri­ad
po­pu­la­ru­li gax­l­daT. II-III sa­u­ku­ne­e­bis
cno­bi­li qris­ti­a­ni mwer­le­bi _ ipo­li­
te ro­ma­e­li da kli­men­ti aleq­san­d­ri­e­li
mas sam­ya­ros Seq­m­nis Ta­ri­Rad aRi­a­reb­d­
nen. imav­d­ro­u­lad, 25 mar­ti mor­w­mu­ne­Ta
So­ris qris­tes da­ba­de­bis Ta­ri­Ra­dac iyo
miC­ne­u­li, rad­ga­nac ada­mi­a­nis si­cocx­lis
da­sawyi­si aiy­va­ne­bo­da Ca­sax­vis mo­men­tam­de
da ara dRis si­naT­le­ze mis mov­li­ne­bam­de.
aR­mo­sav­le­Tis ofi­ci­a­lur­ma qris­ti­a­nul­ma
ek­le­si­am, IV sa­u­ku­nis Su­a­xa­ne­bi­dan mo­yo­
le­bu­li, 25 marts RmrTis­m­Sob­lis xa­re­bis
uZ­ra­vi dRe­sas­wa­u­lis aR­niS­v­na da­a­we­sa.
da­sas­rul, igi­ve 25 mar­ti, IV sa­u­ku­nis
da­sawyis­Si mor­w­mu­ne­Ta So­ris, qris­tes
mkvdre­TiT aR­d­go­mis WeS­ma­rit Ta­ri­Ra­dac
mi­iC­ne­od
­ a. aR­dg
­ o­mis dRe­sas­wa­ul­Tan da­kav­
Si­re­biT fi­gu­ri­rebs is `kon­st ­ an­ti­no­po­
lis 395 wlis kon­sul­Ta si­a­Sic~. swo­red
ami­tom, 25 mar­tis aR­d­go­ma dRes sa­xe­lad
ewo­de­ba `ki­ri­o­pas­xa~, anu sa­uf­lo pa­se­qi,
ri­Tac xa­zi es­me­ba pas­qa­lur xdo­mi­le­ba­Ta
sam­mag Tan­x­ved­ras.
ma­Te­ma­ti­ko­se­bis _ nodar kan­de­la­ki­
sa da guram cer­c­va­Zis az­riT, es vi­Ta­re­ba
qar­Tul qris­ti­a­nul wel­TaR­ricx­va­Si
gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­bu­lia, xo­lo `qo­ro­ni­ko­ni~
ise­Ti qro­no­lo­gi­u­ri sis­te­maa, ro­me­lic
wlebs iT­v­lis asom­Tav­ru­li an­ba­nis rig-
saT­va­la­vis ba­za­ze, sam­ya­ros da­sa­ba­mi­dan
aR­sas­ru­lam­de.
Se­sa­ba­mi­so­ba qar­Tul `da­sa­ba­miT­gan­sa~
da `qo­ro­ni­kons~ So­ris mar­T­lac Tval­
naT­li­via, Se­iZ­le­ba iT­q­vas, isi­ni er­T­
ma­neTs av­se­ben. qar­Tu­li `da­sa­ba­miT­gan~
Jam­TaR­ricx­va ey­r­d­no­ba `qo­r o­ni­ko­nis~
532-wli­a­ni pe­ri­o­de­biT dro­is aT­v­las,
xo­lo `qris­tes mos­v­lis~ (da­ba­de­bis) Ta­ri­Re­bi­sa da mov­le­ne­bis qro­no­lo­gi­as.
Ta­ri­Rad da­sa­ba­mi­dan 5604 wlis 25 mar­ sxva da­nar­Cen­ze rom ara­fe­ri vTqvaT, TviT
tia dam­k­vid­re­bu­li. III-IV sa­u­ku­ne­eb­Si sa­xel­wo­de­bac `da­sa­ba­miT­gan~ (`a­da­miT­
mi­R e­bu­l i war­m od­g e­n ac, rom qris­t es gan~) mka­fi­od uC­ve­nebs dro­is mdi­na­re­bis
mov­li­ne­bis dro bib­li­u­ri `me-6 dRi­sa~ mi­mar­Tu­le­bas war­su­li­dan mo­mav­lis­ken
da sa­xa­re­bi­se­u­li `me-11 sa­a­Tis~ far­g­leb­ da ara pi­ru­ku.
Sia sa­gul­ve­be­li, qar­Tul qris­ti­a­nul qar­Tul wel­TaR­ricx­va­Si da­sa­ba­mi­
wel­TaR­ricx­va­Si zedmiwevniT aris da­cu­ dan 5000 wlis Sem­deg, me-6 aTas­w­le­u­lis
li: qris­tes mos­v­lis xse­ne­bu­li Ta­ri­Ri far­g­leb­Si qris­tes `mos­v­la~ rom `qan~
xvde­ba ro­gorc `da­sa­ba­miT­gan~ sis­te­mis aso-niS­niT aris mo­niS­nu­li (an­ba­nu­ri
5000-6000 wlebs So­ris, anu `me-6 dRis~ saT­va­l a­v i _ 600, xo­l o gra­fi­k u­l ad
far­g­leb­Si, ase­ve `qo­ro­ni­ko­nis~ `me-11 sa­ qris­ti­an­Ta aRi­a­re­bul sim­bo­los _ jvars
a­Tis~ Se­sa­ba­mis pe­ri­od­Si, anu 5320-5852 ga­na­sa­xi­e­rebs), es ni­San­dob­li­vad mi­aC­nia
wleb­Si. uf­ro kon­k­re­tu­lad ki, qar­Tu­li zo­gi­erT mkvle­vars (n. kan­de­la­ki, g. cer­
`da­sa­ba­miT­ga­niT~ qris­tes da­ba­de­ba `qo­ c­va­Ze). Tum­ca, qris­tes da­ba­de­bis Ta­ri­Rad
ro­ni­ko­niT~ me-11 moq­ce­vis 284 wels uwevs sam­ya­ros Seq­m­ni­dan 5604-e wlis dad­ge­na
(5604=10*532+284). ma­inc ricxv `284~-Tan Cans da­kav­Si­re­bu­
qar­Tu­li qris­ti­a­nu­li wel­TaR­ricx­ li. es ricx­vi an­ti­kur sam­ya­ro­Si­ve iyo
vi­sa da asom­Tav­ru­li an­ba­nis ur­Ti­er­T­ cno­bi­li, ro­gorc `me­gob­ru­li ricx­
mi­mar­Te­ba ki im ga­re­mo­e­bam ga­na­pi­r o­ba, ve­bis~ pi­Ta­go­ras wyvi­lis (220-isa da
rom an­ba­nis niS­ne­biT, bge­re­bis gar­da, im 284-is) erT-er­Ti wev­ri. `qo­r o­ni­ko­nis~
epo­qa­Si ricx­ve­bic aRi­niS­ne­bo­da. xo­lo 532-wli­a­ni pe­ri­o­di mo­i­cavs ricx­ve­bis
ka­len­da­ri ricx­v­Ta ga­re­Se ar ar­se­bobs. aR­niS­nul wyvil­sa da srul­yo­fil ri-
da­va­Tis cno­bil ste­la­ze swo­red es vi­ cxv 28-s: 220+284+28=532. da rac uf­ro
Ta­re­ba Cans. iq ga­mo­sa­xu­lia qar­Tu­li sa­yu­radRe­boa, am ricxvs krebs Rmer­Tis
an­ba­nis amaR­le­bis sce­na; ste­la­ze amo­kaw­ aR­m­niS­v­ne­li ber­Z­nu­li sity­va `Te­os~ _
ru­li qar­Tu­li an­ba­nis 37 niS­ni­dan sams
_ War-s, tar-sa da kan-s, Tav­ze pa­ti­vis
(ricx­vis aR­m­niS­v­ne­li xa­zi aso-niS­ne­bis
Tav­ze) ni­Sa­ni uzis, ri­Tac gacxa­d e­bu­
lia ricx­vi `5320~ (War=5000, tar=300,
kan=20). qvas­vet­ze mi­Ti­Te­bu­li es ricx­vi
swo­red da mxo­lod qris­tes mov­li­ne­bis­
T­vis gan­kuT­v­ni­li `me-11 sa­a­Tis~ dawye­bis
ma­uwye­be­li ricx­vi­Ti sim­bo­loa da ara
ra­Rac kon­k­re­tu­li Ta­ri­Ris _ Zv.w. 284
wli­sa, romelic zo­gi­er­T­ma mkvle­var­ma
(da­viT Cu­bi­naS­vi­li, aleq­san­d­re sva­ni­
Ze, pav­l e in­g o­r oy­va, ra­m az pa­t a­r i­Z e)
war­sul­Si qar­Tu­li wel­TaR­ricx­vi­sa da
dam­wer­lo­bis amo­sa­val Ta­ri­Rad iva­ra­
u­da. is sak­ma­od xSi­rad gvxvde­ba bo­lo
dro­is pub­li­ka­ci­eb­Sic. mag­ram re­a­lu­rad
qar­Tul wel­TaR­ricx­vas­Tan an dam­wer­lo­
bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT am `Ta­riR­ze~ sa­u­ba­ri
sru­li ga­u­geb­ro­baa. saq­me is aris, rom
qris­ti­an­ u­li wel­TaR­ricx­vis is sis­te­me­ daviT
bi, rom­leb­Sic dro­is aR­ricx­va sam­ya­ros winaswarmetyveli.
Zveli ebrauli
da­sa­ba­mi­dan (a­da­mi­dan) war­mo­ebs, ar iT­va­ mozaika
lis­wi­nebs qris­tes So­bam­de­li pe­ri­o­dis

istoriani . dekemberi 2016 27

kalendari qarTuli

ro­gorc ber­Zn­ u­li, ise qar­Tu­li an­ba­nu­ri

rig-saT­va­la­viT. qris­tes da­ba­de­bis sim­
bo­lur dro­ze Rmer­Tis aR­m­niS­v­nel ber­
Z­nul ter­min­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li ricx­viT
mi­niS­ne­ba uC­ve­u­lod ar ga­mo­i­yu­re­ba spe­
ci­a­lis­t­Ta (kor­ne­li ke­ke­li­Ze, pavel ku­
zen­ko­vi) So­ris ar­se­bu­li im sa­fuZ­v­li­a­ni
mo­saz­re­bis fon­ze _ rom wel­TaR­ricx­vis
qar­T­ve­li Sem­q­m­ne­le­bi sar­geb­lob­d­nen IV
sa­u­ku­nis 50-ian wleb­Si an­d­ria bi­zan­ti­e­
lis mi­er Se­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li wel­TaR­ricx­viT.
esec, sxva ni­u­an­seb­Tan er­Tad, cxad­yofs
im ga­re­mo­e­bas, rom asom­Tav­ru­li an­ba­nis
seqstus iulius afrikelma welTaRricxvis
rig-saT­va­lav­ze da­fuZ­ne­bu­li qar­Tu­li
5500-wliani sistema Camoayaliba
qris­ti­a­nu­li wel­TaR­ricx­va IV sa­u­ku­nis
me­o­re na­xe­var­Sia Se­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li. amas mow­
mobs asom­Tav­rul an­ban­Si sam­ya­ros da­sas­
ru­li­sa da qris­tes me­o­red mos­v­lis III-IV
sa­u­ku­ne­eb­Si aRi­a­re­bul sim­bo­lur dro­ze
_ 6000 wel­ze max­vil­go­niv­ru­li mi­niS­ne­
bac. is da­kav­Si­re­bu­lia Cve­ni an­ba­nis ri­giT
33-e aso-niS­nis sa­xel­sa (xan-i) da ricx­
viT mniS­v­ne­lo­bas­Tan (6000). sity­va `xa­ni~
asa­xavs dro­is Se­sa­xeb uZ­ve­les qar­Tul
war­mod­ge­nas da niS­navs dros, ro­mel­Sic
xde­ba (an ar xde­ba) esa Tu is moq­me­de­ba.
qar­Tul an­ban­Si gvxvde­ba ide­og­ra­mu­li
dat­vir­T­vis mqo­ne sxva aso-niS­ne­bic (mag.
`Ãar~-i, `jan~-i da sxv.). `xan~-is Sem­Tx­
ve­va­Sic msgav­si vi­Ta­re­ba gvaqvs.
qar­Tu­li `da­sa­ba­miT­gan~ wel­TaR­ricx­
viT, qris­tes me­o­red mos­v­lis Ta­riRs
(6000 wels) Tu ga­mo­vak­lebT ama­ve wel­
TaR­ricx­viT mo­ce­mul qris­tes da­ba­de­bis
Ta­riRs (5604-s), mi­vi­RebT Cve­ni wel­TaR­
ricx­viT 396 wels. anu es is we­li­wa­dia,
klimenti aleqsandrieli ro­c a ka­l en­d­r is Sem­q­m ne­l e­b i me­o­red
evsevi kesarieli mos­v­las elod­nen.
cxa­dia, qar­Tu­li ka­len­da­ri am Ta­riR­
ze gvi­an ver Se­iq­m­ne­bo­da. es uki­du­re­si
ze­da qro­no­lo­gi­u­ri niS­nu­li gax­lavT,
rom­lis Sem­d­gom qar­Tu­li an­ba­ni­sa da
qar­Tu­li wel­TaR­ricx­vis Seq­m­nis faqts
ve­Rar vi­gu­lebT.
ad­req­ris­ti­a­nu­li xa­nis pas­qa­lis­t­Ta
da sa­zo­ga­dod, im dro­is mor­w­mu­ne qris­
ti­an­Ta So­ris gav­r­ce­le­bu­li war­mod­ge­niT,
me­o­red mos­v­lis win qris­ti­a­nu­li sam­ya­ro
aR­d­go­ma dRes uka­nas­k­ne­lad ize­i­meb­da 25
marts, kvi­ra dRes, anu e.w. sa­uf­lo pa­seqs,

28 istoriani . dekemberi 2016


`ki­ri­o­pas­xas~. es Ta­ri­Ri _ sam­ya­ros da­
sa­ba­mi­dan 5999 wlis 25 mar­ti, qar­Tu­li
wel­TaR­ricx­vis mi­xed­viT, ax.w. 395 wlis
25 marts, kvi­ra dRes eTa­na­de­ba da rac
uf­ro sa­gu­lis­x­mo Cans, am dros xa­re­bi­sa
da aR­d­go­mis sa­ek­le­sio dRe­sas­wa­u­le­bi
er­T­ma­neTs em­Tx­ve­o­da! aR­sa­niS­na­via, rom IV
sa­u­ku­ne­Si da kon­k­re­tu­lad, ni­ke­as kre­bis
(325 w.) mom­dev­no wleb­Si es er­Ta­der­Ti
Sem­Tx­ve­vaa, ro­ca xa­re­bi­sa da aR­d­go­mis
dRe­sas­wa­u­le­bis Tan­x­v­de­nas aqvs ad­gi­li;
mom­dev­no `ki­ri­o­pas­xa~ uk­ve V sa­u­ku­ne­Si
_ 479 wlis 25 mar­t­ze mo­di­o­da.
qar­Tu­li qris­ti­a­nu­li wel­TaR­ricx­
viT sam­ya­ros da­sa­ba­mi­dan 6000 wlis (ax.w.
396 w.) dad­go­mas qvey­ni­e­re­bis da­sas­ru­li,
cxa­dia, ar moh­yo­lia. mis Sem­q­m­nel­Ta mo­
lo­di­ni daT­q­mul dros qris­tes me­o­red
mos­v­lis Se­sa­xeb, amao aR­moC­n­da. mag­ram
qar­Tul asom­Tav­rul an­ban­Si Ta­vis dro­
ze Ca­beW­di­li ka­len­da­rul-qro­no­lo­gi­
u­ri mo­na­ce­me­bis amoS­la, Cans, Sem­d­gom
aRa­ra­vis uc­dia. ub­ra­lod, im etap­ze man
meored
mosvlis scena
sveticxovlis
taZris
kedelze
zodiaqaluri
simbolikiT
da­kar­ga odin­de­li mis­ti­ku­ri Si­na­ar­si.
sa­va­ra­u­doa, rom qris­tes `me­o­red mos­v­
lis~ axa­li sim­bo­lu­ri Ta­ri­Ri 7000 wlis
mij­na­ze da­i­do. msgav­si ko­req­ti­ve­bi sxva
ek­le­si­eb­Sic keT­de­bo­da.
mo­s az­re­b as qar­Tu­l i qris­t i­a­n u­l i
wel­TaR­ricx­vis eso­den ad­re­ul xa­na­Si
Seq­m­nis Se­sa­xeb wi­na­Ro­bas uq­m­ni­da is ga­
re­mo­e­ba, rom ad­gi­lob­riv we­ri­lo­biT Zeg­
leb­Si es wel­TaR­ricx­va mxo­lod VIII-IX
sa­u­ku­ne­e­bi­dan gvxvde­ba. mi­siT da­Ta­ri­Re­
bu­li mov­le­ne­bi met­wi­lad me-13 moq­ce­vas
(iwye­ba 780 wels) ekuT­v­nis.
Tum­ca, es sav­se­biT lo­gi­ku­ri Cans _
ra­ki­Ra ga­qar­wy­ld ­ a sam­ya­ros da­sa­ba­mi­dan
aT­ v­
li­ li 6000 wlis (ax.w. 396 w.) Tav­ ze
qar­Tu­li wel­TaR­ricx­vis Se­mom­Reb­Ta mo­
lo­di­ni sam­ya­r os da­sas­ru­lis Ta­o­ba­ze.
er­Txans mi­viwye­bu­li da uk­ve mis­ti­kur mi­
zan­da­sa­xu­lo­bas mok­le­bu­li `Sec­To­mi­li
wel­TaR­ricx­va~ sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si ga­ix­se­nes
mxo­lod mom­dev­no, me-13 moq­ce­vis pe­ri­od­
Si (780-1312 ww.) da is wmin­da qro­no­lo­gi­
istoriani . dekemberi 2016 29
kalendari qarTuli

adgili beiT
safafasTan,
sadac
aRmoCnda
qarTuli
welT-
aRricxviT
daTariRebuli
berZnuli
warwera
(596 w.)

qarTuli dro­is­Tv­ is xsov­na qar­Tu­li qris­ti­an­ u­li

welTaRricxvis
aRmoCena beiT
safafas warweraSi
lea di segnis
damsaxurebaa
beiT safafas warwera
u­ri da­niS­nu­le­biT aamoq­me­des. X sa­u­ku­nis
cno­bi­li mwig­no­ba­ri ioane-zo­si­me rom
qar­Tu­li wel­TaR­ricx­vis Tav­da­pir­vel
mis­ti­kur bu­ne­bas ar ic­nob­da (er­T­gan
wers, `vi­si­sa­gan­me moc­Tu­ne­bi­Ta~ aris Se­
mo­Re­bu­li­o), es imis mow­mo­bac aris, rom am
wel­TaR­ricx­vis Sem­qm­ n­ e­leb­ze, faq­tob­ri­
vad, da­kar­gu­li iyo (rac Se­e­xe­ba `qe­ba­is~,
ioane-zo­si­mes mxri­dan mi­si av­to­ro­ba sa­ka­
ma­To­a). ze­mox­se­ne­bu­li wi­na­Ro­ba ki axa­li
ma­sa­lis mo­ul ­ od­ne­lad ga­mo­Ce­nam mox­sn­ a.
sa­gu­lis­x­mo in­for­ma­cia kvlav wmin­da
mi­wam Se­mog­vT ­ a­va­za. mar­Ta­lia, Cven­T­vis sa­
in­te­re­so ma­sa­la jer ki­dev 1950 wels ga­
mov­lin­da ieru­sa­li­mis sam­xr ­ eT-da­sav­leT
Se­mo­ga­ren­Si, ara­bu­li da­sax­le­bis _ be­iT
sa­fa­fas max­lob­lad, mag­ram qar­T­ve­li mec­
ni­e­re­bis­T­vis is cno­bi­li mxo­lod ga­su­li
sa­u­ku­nis mi­wu­ru­li­dan gax­da eb­ra­e­li
mec­ni­e­ris, lea di seg­nis pub­li­ka­ci­e­bis
meS­ve­o­biT. man yu­radRe­biT Se­is­wav­la ma­
nam­de uc­no­bi mo­nas­t­ris nan­g­re­veb­Si aR­mo­
Ce­ni­li oTx­p­w­ka­ri­a­ni ber­Z­nu­li mo­za­i­ku­ri
war­we­ra da kvle­vis Se­de­ge­bi spe­ci­a­lu­ri
sta­ti­e­bis sa­xiT ga­moaq­vey­na.
lea di seg­nis az­riT, war­we­ra­Si nax­
se­n e­b i sa­m u­e­l i da mar­t­v il­Ta wmin­d a
na­wi­le­bi pa­les­ti­nis qar­Tul ko­lo­ni­as
ukav­S ir­d e­b a. ker­Z od, xse­n e­bu­l i pi­r i
ieru­sa­lim­Si, axal­gaz­r­du­li qris­ti­a­nu­
li aso­ci­a­ci­is yo­fi­li ba­na­kis ad­gi­las,
Ta­vis dro­ze aR­mo­Ce­nil war­we­ra­Si (spe­
ci­a­lis­te­bi mas VI sa­u­ku­nis II na­xev­riT
aTa­r i­R eb­d­n en) nax­s e­n e­b i igive sa­m u­e l
epis­ko­po­sia, da­vi­Tis koS­k­Tan ar­se­bu­li
iber­Ta mo­nas­t­ri­dan. war­we­ra­Si nax­se­neb
wmin­d an­Ta na­w i­l eb­S i ki spar­s el mar­

30 istoriani . dekemberi 2016

t­vil­Ta is wmin­da na­wi­le­bi un­da igu­
lis­x­me­bo­des, rom­le­bic, pet­re ibe­ris
bi­og­ra­fis cno­biT, qar­T­vel bers wmin­da
mi­wa­ze hqon­da. am sa­in­te­re­so mo­saz­re­
bebs mec­ni­er­ma sxva, uf­r o sa­yu­radRe­bo
das­k­v­nac mo­a­yo­la; ker­Zod, ro­gorc is
fiq­r obs, be­iT sa­fa­fas war­we­ris bo­los
mo­ce­mu­li Ta­ri­Ri qar­Tu­li `da­sa­ba­miT­
gan~ wel­TaR­ricx­vis ga­mo­ye­ne­biT aris
mo­ce­mu­li da 596 wel­ze mi­u­Ti­Tebs. ima­ve
mec­ni­e­ris das­k­v­niT, wel­TaR­ricx­vis es
sis­te­ma VI sa­u­ku­ne­ze ad­re Ca­mo­ya­lib­da
wmin­da mi­wa­ze myof qar­T­vel mo­we­se­Ta
wre­Si da mog­vi­a­ne­biT maT­gan­ve Tan­da­Ta­
no­biT gav­r­cel­da sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Sic.
aq yu­r adRe­b as ar Se­va­C e­rebT wel­
TaR­r icx­v is qris­t i­a­n u­l i sis­t e­m e­b is
Se­mu­Sa­ve­bi­sas pas­qa­lis­t­Ta kon­k­re­tul ga­ qarTuli namonastrali bir el qutSi, SesaZloa,
swored is adgili iyos, sadac qarTul
moT­v­leb­ze. sa­i­dum­lo ar aris, rom isi­ni qristianul welTaRricxvas Caeyara safuZveli
wi­na­re epo­qis ma­Te­ma­ti­kur-as­t­ro­no­mi­ul
miR­we­vebs ic­nob­d­nen da sa­Wi­ro­e­bis Sem­Tx­ samyaros Seqmnis qristianuli warmodgena
ve­va­Si, iye­neb­d­nen ki­dec. ami­tom, ro­ca ama
Tu im qris­ti­a­nul ka­len­dar­Si as­t­ro­no­
mi­ul-ma­Te­ma­ti­ku­ri mo­na­ce­me­bis sawyis­Ta
Zi­e­bas uf­ro ad­rin­del, qris­ti­a­no­bam­del
pe­ri­od­Si ga­dav­ya­varT, es mo­sa­lod­ne­lic
aris da ka­non­zo­mi­e­ric. ama­ve mi­ze­ziT,
qar­Tul qris­ti­a­nul wel­TaR­ricx­va­ze
day­r­d­no­biT mtki­ce­ba, rom qar­Tu­li dam­
wer­lo­ba wi­naq­ris­ti­a­nul xa­na­Si aris
Seq­m­ni­li, sa­fuZ­vels mok­le­bu­lia.
ab­so­lu­tu­ri si­zus­ti­sa da zne­ob­ri­vi
mniS­v­ne­lo­bis ar­m­qo­ne mo­na­ce­me­bi ek­le­
si­is­T­vis mxo­lod ker­Zo gan­mar­te­bebs
an Se­xe­du­le­bebs war­mo­ad­gens. am­de­nad,
Se­uZ­le­be­li iyo ka­len­d­ris ka­no­ni­ze­ba.
ka­no­ni­ze­bu­lia mxo­lod ka­len­dar­Tan da­
kav­Si­re­bu­li or­To­doq­su­li pas­qa­lia, anu
ek­le­si­is kre­be­bis gan­we­se­be­biT dad­ge­ni­li
dro qris­ti­a­nu­li aR­d­go­mis dRe­sas­wa­u­
li­sa. TviT qris­ti­a­nu­li ka­len­da­ri ki,
`a­ra mxo­lod mec­ni­e­re­bis pro­duq­ti da
ara mar­to ma­Te­ma­ti­ku­ri ga­moT­v­le­bis
cxri­lia, ara­med, imav­d­ro­u­lad, ma­Te­ma­ti­
kis eniT gad­mo­ce­mu­li dro­is re­li­gi­u­ri
da fi­lo­so­fi­u­ri ga­naz­re­ba­a~ (ar­qi­man­d­
ri­ti ra­fa­el ka­re­li­ni).
be­sik xur­ci­la­va
so­ci­a­lur mec­ni­e­re­ba­Ta doq­to­ri

istoriani . dekemberi 2016 31