ASME 831.2-2016
range, followed by slow cooling to well below the trans
formation temperature range,
(6) normalizing: heating a ferrous metal to a tempera-
ture above the transformation temperature range, fol-
owed by cooling in room-temperature still air to well
below the transformation temperature range.
(o) quenching: when used as a part of a heat-treating
operation, a rapid cooling process that results in micro:
structural stabilization or changes in material properties
that would not have occurred without rapid cooling.
(a) recommended or required heat treatment: the applica-
tion of heat to a metal section subsequent to a cutting,
forming, or welding operation, as provided in para. 331
(e) solution: heat treatment: heating an alloy to a suit
able temperature, holding at that temperature long,
enough to allow one or more constituents to enter into
solid solution, and then cooling rapidly enough to hold
the constituents in solution,
(f) stress-relief: uniform heating of a structure or por-
tion thereof to a sufficient temperature below the trans-
formation temperature range to relieve the major
portion of the residual stresses, followed by uniform
cooling slowly enough to minimize development of new
residual stresses.
(g) tempering: reheating a hardened metal to a tem-
perature below the transformation range to improve
toughness,
(h) transformation range: the temperature range over
which a phase change occurs.
(i) transformation temperature: the temperature at
which a phase change begins or ends. In metals, phase
changes can be solid-state changes.
High Pressure Fluid Service: see fluid service
High Purity Fluid Service: see fluid service.
hygienic clamp joint: a tube outside-diameter union con-
sisting of two neutered ferrules having flat faces with
a concentric groove and mating gasket that is secured
with a clamp, providing a nonprotruding, recessless
product contact surface. See also para. U315:3(b).
indication, linear: in magnetic particle, liquid penetrant,
or similar examination, a closed surface area marking,
or denoting a discontinuity requiring evaluation, whose
longest dimension is at least three times the width of
the indication.
indication, rounded: in magnetic particle, liquid penetrant,
or similar examination, a closed surface area marking,
or denoting a discontinuity requiring evaluation, whose
longest dimension is less than three times the width of
the indication.
inline portions of instruments: pressure-containing por-
tions of instruments that are in direct contact with the
fluid when installed in a piping system. Permanently
sealed fluid-filled tubing systems furnished with instru-
ments as temperature- of pressure-responsive devices,
e.g, pressure gages, pressure transmitters, and transduc-
crs, are excluded.
in-process examination: see para. 344.7
inspection, Inspector: see para. 340.
integrally reinforced branch connection fitting: see branch
connection fitting.
joint design: the joint geometry together with the required
dimensions of the welded joint.
listed: for the purposes of this Code, describes a material
or component that conforms to a specification in
“Appendix A, Appendix B, or Appendix K or to a stan-
dard in Table 326.1, A326.1, or K326.1
‘manual welding: a welding operation performed and con-
trolled completely by hand.
‘may: a term that indicates a provision is neither required
nor prohibited,
‘mechanical joint: a joint for the purpose of mechanical
strength orleak resistance, or both, in which the mechan-
ical strength is developed by threaded, grooved, rolled,
flared, or flanged pipe ends; or by bolts, pins, toggles,
cor rings; and the leak resistance is developed by threads
and compounds, gaskets, rolled ends, caulking, or
‘machined and mated surfaces.
‘miter or miter bend: for the purposes of this Code, two
‘or more straight sections of pipe matched and joined in
a plane bisecting the angle of junction so as to produce
1a change in direction greater than 3 deg.
‘nominal: a numerical identification of dimension, capac-
ity, rating, or other characteristic used as a designation,
not as an exact measurement,
Normal Fluid Service: see fluid service.
normalizing: see heat treatment.
rotch-sensitive: describes a metal subject to reduction in
strength in the presence of stress concentration. The
degree of notch sensitivity is usually expressed as the
strength determined in a notched specimen divided by
the strength determined in an unnotched specimen, and.
can be obtained from either static or dynamic tests.
NPS: nominal pipe size (followed, when appropriate,
by the specific size designation number without an inch
symbol)
orbital welding: automatic or machine welding in which
the electrode rotates (orbits) around the circumference
of a stationary pipe or tube
oxygen-are cutting (OAC): an oxygen-cutting process that
uses an arc between the workpiece and a consumable
electrode, through which oxygen is directed to the work-
piece. For oxidation-resistant metals, a chemical flux or
‘metal powder is used to facilitate the reaction.
oxygen cutting (OC): group of thermal cutting processes
that severs or removes metal by means of the chemical