Hardbound Na Edit Ulit

POTENTIAL HYDROGEN ANALYSIS DEVICE
A Thesis Project Proposal Presented to
the Faculty of the College Sciences
Palawan State University
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements in the course Thesis for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in
Computer Science
By:
Aborot, Michelle
Mae
Rosaceña,Reniel
Añonuevo,Paul
Kevin
September 2018
APPROVAL SHEET
This Project Proposal entitled “Potential Hydrogen Analysis Device” prepared and
submitted by Aborot, Michelle Mae, Rosaceña, Reniel and Añonuevo, Paul Kevin, has
been examined and is recommended for approval and acceptance.
MR. ADONIS C. AMPONGAN

Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
APPROVED by the Panel of Examiners with a grade of .
DR.FLOREDITH JEANNE G. ALCID

Chairman
MS. AILENE L. SIBAYAN MR. RHAY NIEL D. TACUD

Member Member
ACCEPTED and APPROVED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Computer.
DR. CARMENCITA G. PALANCA

Dean, College of Sciences
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their deepest gratitude to those people
who contributed to the success of this thesis.
To the researchers’ parents, for their support financially, spiritually and moral
support they gave.
To the researchers’ instructors from the SAD course during the proposal defense
of title, Mr. Bemsor Caabay and Ms. Divine Grace Caabay, to the Thesis 1 and 2
professor, Dr. Raymond P. Rey.
To the researchers’ adviser, Mr. Adonis C. Ampongan, for his advices, patience
and encouragements he gave to the researchers to make the study possible and be
approved.
To the researchers’ classmates and friends for sharing also their ideas and
knowledge.
And most of all, to our Almighty God for the knowledge, strength, patience, and
guidance He gave upon the researchers to complete this research.
- The Researchers
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DEDICATION
The researchers dedicate this thesis to their parents for their support in many
ways.
To their friends, who taught them to enjoy life despite of the trials, challenges,
and pressures they have encountered in their lives.
To all the staff, instructors and their adviser who extended their help to the
researchers to impart their knowledge, skills and ideas.
And to our Almighty God who gave life, blessings, and knowledge that made this
research successful and possible.
The Researchers
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to replace the potential hydrogen paper being used
by the Palawan State University to measure the potential hydrogen level of liquid
substances. The researcher’s gathered data that will help to solve the problems on the
existing system. The problems regarding the availability of the materials and how they
will measure the potential hydrogen level in an easy, fast and accurate way is tackled
in this study. The researchers also discovered that potential hydrogen paper is not
suitable for users with eye problems like color blindness because potential hydrogen
paper needs color comparison in getting results. That is some of the problems
encountered by our client. Out of 11 solution tested there is only a minimal difference
between the result of the pH meter in the pH Analysis Device.
In order to solve the problems, the researchers encountered a software
application with a device that can measure the potential hydrogen level of liquid
substances was utilized. This software comes with useful features. Compared to the
potential hydrogen paper the proposed study is much more reliable than the potential
hydrogen paper in terms of measuring the potential hydrogen level.
The researcher recommends making the device as a stand-alone. Also, it is better to
add multiple sensors in the device. Further improvement on the system may increase
accuracy of the device.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
POTENTIAL HYDROGEN ANALYSIS DEVICE ............................................................................................... 1
APPROVAL SHEET......................................................................................................................................... 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................................. 3
DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................................... 4
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... 6
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................................... 10
LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 13
Background of Study .......................................................................................................................... 13
Objective of the Study........................................................................................................................... 2
Significance of the Study...................................................................................................................... 3
Chemistry Students .............................................................................................................................. 3
Chemistry Teachers .............................................................................................................................. 3
Palawan State University ...................................................................................................................... 4
Scope and Delimitation ......................................................................................................................... 4
Definition of Terms................................................................................................................................ 5
Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY ....................................................................................... 7

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Foreign Literature.................................................................................................................................. 7
Local Literature ................................................................................................................................... 10
Local Studies ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Foreign Studies ................................................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 15
Research Design ................................................................................................................................. 15
Research Locale.................................................................................................................................. 15
Population of Study ............................................................................................................................ 16
Research Instrumentation .................................................................................................................. 16
Data Gathering Procedure .................................................................................................................. 17
Software Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 17
Deployment Plan ................................................................................................................................. 21
User Manuals ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Implementation Plan ........................................................................................................................... 21
Use-Case Diagram............................................................................................................................... 22
System Maintenance Plan .................................................................................................................. 23
Research Procedure ........................................................................................................................... 24
Description of Existing System .......................................................................................................... 26
Description of Proposed System ....................................................................................................... 28
Actual Device .......................................................................................................................... 30
Entity Relationship Diagram .................................................................................................. 31
Data Dictionary ....................................................................................................................... 32
Graphical User Interface ........................................................................................................ 36

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Gantt Chart .............................................................................................................................. 39
Cost and Benefits Analysis ................................................................................................... 40
CHAPTER IV.................................................................................................................................................. 41
RESULTS, FINDINGS, AND ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 41
Findings ............................................................................................................................................... 41
Findings ............................................................................................................................................... 42
Summary.............................................................................................................................................. 44
CHAPTER V .................................................................................................................................................. 44
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................. 44
Conclusions......................................................................................................................................... 44
Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 44
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Conceptual Framework ...................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2 Palawan State University ................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 3 Use Case Diagram ............................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 4 Agile Method ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 5 Existing System ................................................................................................................................ 27
Figure 6 Proposed System ............................................................................................................................. 28
Figure 7 Actual Device .................................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 8 Entity Relationship Diagram ............................................................................................................ 31
Figure 9 Data Flow Diagram ........................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 10 Context Diagram Level 0 ................................................................................................................ 34
Figure 11 Child Level Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 12 Log in Form ..................................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 13 Registration Form ........................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 14 Admin Form .................................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 15 Admin Panel .................................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 16 Gantt Chart ...................................................................................................................................... 39
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 System Maintenance Plan ................................................................................................................. 23
Table 2 Admin .................................................................................................................................................. 32
Table 3 pH_User_Data..................................................................................................................................... 32
Table 4 User Data ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Table 5 Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Table 6 First Test Results ............................................................................................................................... 42
Table 7 Second Test Result w/ Adjustments ................................................................................................. 42
Table 8 Final Test Results............................................................................................................................... 43
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LIST OF APPENDICES
RO II Forms .......................................................................................................................................... 51
Grammarian certificate ....................................................................................................................... 54
Source code......................................................................................................................................... 56
Request letter for interview & surveys .............................................................................................. 86
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTIO
Background of Study
PH or Potential Hydrogen is present in all water bodies from the water in the
faucet, beverages, and even in rain. Potential Hydrogen indicates the sample's acidity
but is actually a measurement of the potential activity of hydrogen ions (H+) in the
sample. Potential hydrogen measurements run on a scale from 0 to 14, with 7.0
considered neutral. Solutions with a pH below 7.0 are considered acids. Solutions with
a pH above 7.0, up to 14.0 are considered bases. All organisms are subject to the
amount of acidity of stream water and function best within a given range. The pH scale
is logarithmic, so every one-unit change in pH actually represents a ten-fold change in
acidity. In other words, pH 6.0 is ten times more acidic than pH 7.0; pH 5 is one hundred
times more acidic than pH 7.0. This study is made to give solution in lack of laboratory
equipment of CS-Laboratory and in knowing how the state of water bodies in Puerto
Princesa City was. PH is classified by levels the higher the level the safer the water.
The normal level of potential hydrogen in rainfall is 4.5 having lower than this can cause
a health problem to someone that is having directly contact in the rainfall. This study will
create a device that can measure the potential hydrogen of any liquid substance.
Therefore, the researchers created both device and system for this particular study.
Some establishments may use this device because sometimes they use water from the
rain to conserve water. By using this device, they will know if the water in the water
reservoir is safe to their guests or customers. This device can be used also in the lakes
or wells.
Some individuals use the PH paper to measure the PH level of water. The
problem of this system is that the availability and sometimes the results are not very
accurate. And it will be much hassle to test the liquid substance by paper every time
that it rains.
The College of Sciences is a college of Palawan State University that has
different courses like Marine Biology, Agriculture, Preparatory Medicine, Environmental
Science, Information Technology and Computer Science. The college laboratory uses
the traditional potential hydrogen paper to measure the potential hydrogen level. The
researchers chose this study because they want to solve the problem of the student and
teacher in “traditional way of measuring the potential hydrogen”. In addition, this would
help the school community specially the students.
Objective of the Study
The researchers aim is to create a device and a system entitled “Potential
Hydrogen Analysis Device” that can be used by faculty and students of Palawan State
University to measure potential hydrogen level of other solution substances in their
laboratory experiments.
1. To create a system with an Arduino device and potential hydrogen sensor
that will replace the potential hydrogen paper and compute the potential
hydrogen level of a liquid substance.
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2. To create a system with an Arduino device and potential hydrogen sensor
that will display numerical representation as a result.
3. To create a data-based software application that can record students’
information and the data of the laboratory’s experiments of the students.
Significance of the Study
The research entitled “Potential Hydrogen Analysis Device”, provided with a
software application would be an asset to the Palawan State University community. The
research product can aide both faculties and students in determining the potential
hydrogen level present in other solutions during laboratory experiments. Specifically,
the proposed study will be beneficial to the following
Chemistry Students
They can easily conduct a measurement of potential hydrogen level in their
laboratory experiments. Moreover, the students can save their work data for future
purposes.
Chemistry Teachers
This device is time efficient and can easily provide a potential hydrogen level
result wherein data can be saved and printed.
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The University can participate in environmental activities/concerns involving
potential hydrogen.
Scope and Delimitation
This research entitled “Potential Hydrogen Analysis Device” is intended for the
Palawan State University specifically on the College of Sciences. This software
application with Arduino device can measure the potential hydrogen level of a liquid
substance. It can measure the acidity, neutrality and alkalinity of a liquid substance. The
software application records the student’s information and their laboratory experiments
through a database system. It has an admin panel that can modify data from the
software application into a pdf form.
The proposed system cannot tell if the water is clean or not due to several
considerations in water cleanliness. This system cannot measure the potential hydrogen
level if the amount of the liquid is below 50ml. And the device is not a stand- alone
device it needs to be plugged in into a computer installed with the software application.
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Definition of Terms
The following terms are used throughout the study.
Arduino – is a chipset/device that is programmable.
Buffered Solution - is the liquid substance that has fixed ph level used to calibrate the
sensors.
Code – a written programming language that gives function to that software.
Connect- term used to connect the serial port of the arduino into the
software application.
Data – is raw facts, information that will be stored into the system
database. Database – intangible storage where all the data are stored.
Error – a message display when there is a malfunction on the device and the software.
Export – a process to which the users can transfer the data.
Lithium paper – is used to measure potential hydrogen level a liquid substance.
Main Menu – is a graphical user interface that is the center of the software application
where most of the features are located.
Potential hydrogen Strips – A paper use to measure the acidity of a
substance. Potential hydrogen – is the acidity level of a substance.
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Refresh - a button that will update the software data.
Reboot – a button that you can press to restart the
device.
Sign up – the button where the students can register to the software application.
Troubleshoot – a diagnostic done in order to find the problem.
UI- stands for user interface it is the visual representation of the software.
Conceptual Framework
The figure below shows the basic flows of inputs and outputs of the current person in
charge to the system and the users of the system. It shows how the system would
function when implemented. The operator can compare his current test result to the
previous test.
INPUT PROCES OUTPUT
-Potential
Potential Level
Liquid
Analysis -Liquid Acidity
Figure 1 Conceptual Framework
The Figure 1 Conceptual Framework explains the process of the device. The liquid substance
to be test will serve as input, then the device shall process the Potential Hydrogen Analysis, and the
expected output from the device is the potential hydrogen level and the liquid acidity.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY
This chapter presents the brief information about the related studies and
literature of the research, and how are they similar and different to the researchers’
study. These studies will be a guide to avoid problems that their systems have
encountered.
Foreign Literature
“Study on using hydrogen and ammonia as fuels: Combustion
characteristics and NOx formation “
According to Jun Li, Hongyu Huang, Noriyuki Kobayashi, Zhaohong He, and
Yoshihiro Nagai from their study on January 4, 2014, their experiments showed that the
increase in acidity upon heating, observed by previous workers, is usually three to four
times the hydrogen-ion concentration of the cold paper-water mixtures. No advantage
of using hoi water for the extraction was observed. Experiments showed that the usual
fibrous papermaking materials have the property of raising the pH of an acidic solution
containing CO2 or aluminum sulfate, and that neutral papers gave essentially the same
pH, whether extracted with water of pH=6.7 or with some of the same water containing
CO2 and having a pH=5.9. Therefore, the requirements of present standard methods,
with respect to the pH of the distilled water used for extraction, appear to be
unnecessarily severe.
Synthesis
This study of National Bureau of Standards is similar to the researcher’s study
in term of measuring the pH level. However, they are using pH paper.
Strengths
Test with very small volumes it is possible to place just one drop onto the paper.
Reach difficult samples with a long reel you can tear off a long strip for reaching into the
bottom of long test tubes or flasks. Simple, specific tests generally very specific pH
change tests are available as pH papers, for example, Litmus paper has only one color
change blue in alkaline conditions, red in acidic conditions.
Disadvantages
Disadvantages of pH paper includes the indicator color change is usually not at
the same titer amount as the equivalent point. Sometimes the wind affects the result of
the measurement.
“Development of Water Electrolysis in the European Union”
According to the study of E4tech Sàrl with Element Energy Ltd
For the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking on February 2014, it discussed some
basic concepts of pH, pOH, pH glass electrodes, reference electrodes, standard buffers,
and pH meters.
The calibration of pH meters including the pH glass electrode, ISE electrodes,
buffers, and the general background for calibration are reviewed. Understanding of
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basic concepts of pH, pOH, and electrode mechanism is emphasized. New concepts of
pH, pOH, as well as critical examination of activity, and activity coefficients are given.
The emergence of new solid-state pH electrodes and replacement of the salt bridge with
a conducting wire have opened up a new horizon for pH measurements. A pH buffer
solution with a conducting wire may be used as a stable reference electrode. The
misleading unlimited linear Nernstian slope should be discarded. Calibration curves with
3 nonlinear portions for the entire 0—14 pH range due to the isoelectric point change
effect are explained. The potential measurement with stirring or unsteering and effects
by double layer (DL) and triple layer (TL) will be discussed.
Synthesis
This study of K.L Cheng entitled“On Calibration of pH Meters” is similar to
the study in terms of getting the measurement of pH in a substance.
Strengths
One advantage of using a pH meter to measure the acidity of a solution is that
it is a lot simpler to use than using test strips or completing a titration experiment. Test
strips and titrations both use a color indicator; some people may perceive a different
color than the result. A meter will have a few buttons to operate the machine, and
gives a result immediately. The result can be given on a digital display, which will
provide a more precise result than a test strip.
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Disadvantage
One downside to using a pH meter is that the cost of the meter is significantly
higher than using test strips. The pH meter is a long-term investment for gaining
accurate results. For those who are going to be taking an occasional reading, test strips
may be a better option. Another disadvantage in using a meter is that it needs to be
cleaned regularly to avoid contamination. Most probes have a glass tip that may break
or become damaged if exposed to corrosive chemicals. These are just a few
considerations to think about before making a substantial purchase of a pH meter. And
you have to calibrate it before using which takes time.
Local Literature
“Feasible metabolisms in high pH springs of the Philippines”
From this study of D Cardace on February 10, 2015, the researcher document changing
geochemical inventories in these springs between sampling years, and examine how
the environment supports or prevents the function of certain microbial metabolisms. In
all, this geochemistry-based assessment of feasible metabolisms indicates methane
cycling, hydrogen oxidation, some iron and sulfur metabolisms, and ammonia oxidation
are feasible reactions in this continental site of serpentinization.
Synthesis
This study is similar to the researcher’s study in terms of the importance of
knowing the pH in the environment.
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Local Studies
EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY OF MAJOR RIVERS IN PALAWAN,
PHILIPPINES USING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND WATER
QUALITY INDEX
This research entitled Evaluation of Water Quality of Major Rivers in Palawan,
Philippines Using Physico-Chemical Parameters and Water Quality Index on November
8, 2016 states that it is necessary to determine the water quality, evaluate its impacts,
and provide measures to mitigate the problems (Mishra et al., 2009). Water quality
monitoring is essential to determine the physical, chemical and biological characteristics
of water. These characteristics provide basis as to how and for what water can be used
and the species and ecosystem processes it can support. Monitoring is also the
foundation on which water quality management is based. It provides the information that
permits the rational decision to be made on describing water resources, identifying
actual and emerging problems of water pollution, use and abstraction of water, and land
use; formulating plans; and in evaluating the effectiveness of management actions
(UNEP/WHO, 1996). At the same time, water quality monitoring data can be used to
track response to management regimes aimed at improving water quality.
Synthesis
This study entitled “EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY OF MAJOR RIVERS
IN PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES USING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND
WATER QUALITY INDEX” is similar to the proposed study in terms of monitoring the
pH of water in Palawan.
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Water Quality in Pampanga River along Barangay Buas in Candaba, Pampanga
According to the study of C Arbotante on 2015, that aimed to initially identify the
physicochemical characteristics of the river using some parameters such as pH,
temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrates, and phosphates. Dissolved
oxygen, pH, and temperature were measured using DO meter, pH meter, and
thermometer. Chemical tests were done on site using test kits from Aquarium
Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (API). It was found that ammonia and phosphate
concentrations exceeded the maximum value required by the DAO 34 -Water Quality
Standard for Class C Water. The DO concentration was below the minimum
requirements for river water.
Synthesis
This study titled “Water Quality in Pampanga River Along Barangay Buas in
Candaba, Pampanga” is similar to the proposed study in terms of measuring the pH
level of water in Bulacan.
Foreign Studies
“Hydrogen potential of antibiotic solutions subjected to environmental
conditions: SSxa preliminary trial”
According to this study on 2014, “Potential benefits of pH 8.8 alkaline drinking
water as an adjunct in the treatment of reflux disease”.
At the cellular level, tissue-bound pepsin is fundamental to the pathophysiologic
mechanism of reflux disease, and although the thresholds for laryngeal damage in
laryngopharyngeal reflux and for esophageal damage in gastroesophageal reflux
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disease differ, both forms of damage are due to pepsin, which requires acid for its
activation. In addition, human pepsin remains stable at pH 7.4 and may be reactivated
by hydrogen ions from any source. Thus, most tap and bottled waters (typically pH 6.7
to 7.4) would not be expected to affect pepsin stability. The purposes of these in vitro
studies were to investigate whether artesian well water containing natural bicarbonate
(pH 8.8) might irreversibly denature (inactivate) human pepsin, and to establish its
potential acid-buffering capacity.
“DEFINITION OF pH SCALES, STANDARD REFERENCE VALUES,
MEASUREMENT OF pH AND RELATED TERMINOLOGY”
This document released on 2015 deals with definitions, procedures and
terminology for the quantity potential hydrogen which is of wide interest for chemists,
biologists and engineers. It is the result of discussions since 1977 within JUPAC and
related discussions in other international bodies. It constitutes in the definition of pH
scales a compromise which recognizes the advantages of both the previously endorsed
multi-standard approach and that based on the definition of a single standard with
associated operational standards.
The present TUPAC recommendation is 5 primary reference standards based on
NBS values. A joint meeting of IUPAC Commissions 1.3 and V.5 first discussed pH
scale recommendations in Warsaw in 1977. A sub-committee consisting of R. C. Bates
(Florida), A. K. Covington (Newcastle) and R. A. Durst (Washington) was charged with
resorting back to a second joint meeting of the two Commissions in Davos in 1979 and
as a result a conference of pH experts was convened to discuss the matter. This meeting
took place as an IUPAC-sponsored conference on 'Harmonization of pH Scale
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Recommendations' in Lisbon in June 1980.
The decision of the conference in support of the resolution that 'A single primary
standard pH scale should replace the existing IUPAC multiple primary scale' fell short
of a consensus of expert opinion and was reported to the joint commission meeting in
Leuven in August 1981, There a third joint meeting of Commissions 1,3 and V,5 voted
to adopt a compromise proposal which recognizes the validity of both NBS and British
Standard approaches, It is the purpose of this report to describe this proposal which is
intended to replace the existing IUPAC definition of the quantity ph.
Synthesis
This study of A. K. COVINGTON University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK entitled
“DEFINITION OF pH SCALES, STANDARD REFERENCE VALUES,
MEASUREMENT OF pH AND RELATED TERMINOLOGY” is similar of our study in
terms of studying of Potential Hydrogen.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains brief information on how the researchers will the
researchers gather useful and relevant data in able to solve the problems of their
proposed study. Included is the information on how the system and data will flow to
successfully obtain the researchers objective.
Research Design
The study proposal used qualitative method to gather important data in means of
individual interview. Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to
gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides
insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential
quantitative research. Qualitative Research is also used to uncover trends in thought
and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem. Qualitative data collection methods
vary using unstructured or semi-structured techniques. These include individual
interviews and participation/observations. The sample size is typically small, and
respondents are selected to fulfill a given quota.
Research Locale
The client area of this study will be the College of Sciences in Palawan State
University. This study focuses on creating device that can help the researcher’s fellow
students in Palawan State University. The target respondent will be the Chemistry
professors and students of Palawan State University.

Figure 2 Palawan State University
This Figure 2 Palawan State University above shows the area where the
researchers conducted their research. It is located in Palawan State University Main
Campus, specifically, in College of Sciences.
Population of Study
The respondents of this study were composed of 50 individuals of the College of
Sciences because most of the students are not familiar with Potential Hydrogen. The
approach of this research is to obtain the data from this respondent to describe their
preferences regarding the researcher’s proposition.
Research Instrumentation
A self- administered questionnaire was made by the researchers for the data
gathering process to qualitative method of gathering data. The primary aim of the
questionnaire is to determine how helpful it is to provide such device? And what would
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be the features of this device? In doing the interview, we learned many things for the
researcher’s study, thanks to the generous respondents of our interview.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher’s groups were formed on July 15, 2017 the researchers took
almost a month and half thinking of their title and concept before the researcher’s came
up with this title and concept. August 06, 2017 the researcher started to gather data
through the library and internet and started making drafts about the concept and title the
researchers came up with. A week after the gathering of data the researcher’s started
making the sample questions that the researchers are going to use in the researcher’s
individual interview. Then the researchers created a letter for the Department of Science
and Technology to help the researcher’s further on the study by providing the interviewer
helpful data. They also give the researchers recommendation about the research. After
that, the researchers started creating the documentations for the research by the help
of data the researchers gather through research and internet. To finalize the
documentation the researchers done the individual interview on October 24, 2017.
Software Requirements
The table below shows the requirements in terms of software in order for the
research to become possible.
Software Description
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MySQL Workbench It is used for device system database.
It is a unified visual tool for database
architects, developers, and DBAs.
Visual Studio 2017 It is an integrated development
environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It is
used to develop computer programs for
Microsoft Windows, as well as web sites,
web apps, web services and mobile apps.
Windows Operating System An operating system is computer software
that manages hardware and other
software.
ARDUINO 1.8.5 The open-source Arduino Software (IDE)
makes it easy to write code and upload it
to the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS
X, and Linux. The environment is written in
Java and based on Processing and
other open-source software.
The table above shows the software needed for the device to become possible
and working. It includes the Arduino which is an open-source Arduino software,
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computer software that manages hardware and other software which is the windows
operating system, MySQL Workbench which is used for device system, and Visual
Studion 2017 which is used to develop computer programs for the device to work.
Hardware Requirements
The table below shows the hardware and their description needed for the research.
Hardware Description
PH sensor Heating voltage: 5 ± 0.2V (AC · DC)

Working current: 5-10mA
Detectable concentration range: PH0-14
Detection Temperature range: 0-80 ℃

Response time: ≤5S
Settling Time: ≤60S
Component Power: ≤0.5W
Working temperature: -10 ~ 50 ℃
(nominal temperature 20 ℃)
Humidity:95%RH(nominal humidity 65%
RH) Module Size: 42mm × 32mm ×
20mm
Output: analog voltage
Signal output
With 4pcs M3 Mounting Holes
Arduino Uno Microcontroller: ATmega328P

Operating Voltage: 5V
Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
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Input Voltage (limit): 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide
PWM output)
PWM Digital I/O Pins: 6

Analog Input Pins: 6
DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328P of
which 0.5 KB used by boot loader
SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P)
EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328P)
Clock Speed: 16 MHz
Computer Set Atleast 2 GB DDR3 ram
1TB Hard disk/rom
Atleast 2.0 Ghz CPU
Windows Operating System 7 up
With a good graphics quality
Usb Cable 3-5 meters
The table above shows and explains the different hardware used for the project.
It includes the PH sensor with its specifications. It is very much important because it is
the one that has the capability to make the device work in accordance to its purpose,
which is to sense. Then the Arduino Uno, that also helps the device work. The computer
set for the creation of programs, and the Usb cable for connecting two or more devices.
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Deployment Plan
The device is not a stand-alone and need to be connected to pc or laptop that is
installed with the software application as long as the power source is connected the
device will work perfectly fine. However, the user needs to know the basics of the device,
which is instructed by the chemistry professor. You need to register first to get access
of the system and the device.
User Manuals
The researchers have provided a video presentation included to the software
application installer. New users may follow the video presentation as a guide to use the
Potential Analysis Device properly. Failure to follow instruction in the video presentation
may cause problem in the system or worst lost all your data saved into database. Users
must be responsible in using the system so that the device will last long.
Implementation Plan
This table describes the plan of the researchers to the project, including the
processes in implementation of the device.
Acceptance Checklist, Implementation Schedule, Training

IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING
Schedule, Re-estimate
FINALISE DOCUMENTATION Training Guides, User Manuals
Test Data Preparation, System Test: Functional &

CONDUCT SYSTEM TESTING
Performance, Test Conversion
CONDUCT ACCEPTANCE TESTING Acceptance Test
21
OPERATIONS HANDOVER Computer Documents, I/O Documents, Operating Guide
This explains the planning and strategies of the researchers in terms of
implementing the project. From the table above, it shows that they check first the
acceptance checklist, the schedule or the Gantt chart they are following with time-frame
in each activity. Then finalize the documents needed to this research in relation to their
project which is the training guides and user manuals. They also conducted the data
testing, and system testing that tests the functionality and performance of the device,
and finalize also the operations handover, from the computer documents, and operating
guides.
Use-Case Diagram
The figure below shows how the user will interact to the system. It will help the
end-user how the

system operates with the user.
Figure 3 Use Case Diagram
22
This Figure 3 Use Case Diagram explains the process on how the user shall interact
with the device. The user shall have an input through log in/put the liquid sample to the
pH Analysis Device, then after a moment of time, there will be have the sample result,
and it will serve as the output to the end-user, in that, the user could determine the pH
of the specific liquid sample.
System Maintenance Plan
The system needs to be maintaining according to its functionality to the whole
system to ensure the excellent quality of the product.
Table 1 System Maintenance Plan
Daily Weekly Monthly
PH Analysis Device
PH Analysis Program
Full system
System Database
The Table 1 Maintenance Schedule above explains the Maintenance Schedule
of the device. The PH Analysis device is being checked regularly/daily, while the
program
23
is being checked weekly, and the Full system and the database is maintained
monthly. This schedule helps the researcher to do their task for the improvement of
the device.
Research Procedure
The researchers used the agile method for the systems development life cycle.
System Design
Planning Implementatiom
Requirements Testing
Analysis
Maintenance
Figure 4 Agile Method
The phases of Agile Method are the following:
 Planning – it is the first thing that every researcher must do. Without the
presence of planning, the study will not be possible. In this study, the researchers
made a plan. From the goals and objectives of the project, the resources needed
including the constraints of software projects which are the time, cost, and quality.
The researchers also planned the project schedule together with the phases of
24
stages of the project, estimation of time that each task or activity will
take. The researchers also include in their planning the customer’s needs
through listing of project deliverables, determining milestones and activities to
produce deliverables. They also focused on the project team organization,
technical description of the system, project standards and procedures, quality
assurance plan, configuration management plan, documentation plan, data
management plan, resource management plan, test plan, training plan, security
plan, risk management plan, and maintenance plan.
Without planning, the researchers could not be able to achieve their goals.
That is how the important the planning is.
 Requirements Analysis- this is the next phase in agile method. Capturing the
requirements means the researchers focused on eliciting requirements from the
customers, modeling requirements, reviewing requirements to ensure their
quality and documenting requirements for use by the design and test teams.
Requirements focus on the customer’s needs and not on the solution or
implementation that the researchers’ desire. Requirements are important
because it sometimes became the cause of the failed project. That’s why the
researchers considered the things that must be included in the requirements
analysis.
Design- it refers to the creative process of figuring out how to implement all of
the customer’s requirements. In doing this phase, the researchers consider the
design patterns for the generic solutions for making lower-level design, design
convention or idiom such as the collection of design decisions and advice that
25
taken together, promotes certain design qualities. Innovative design that is
characterized by irregular bursts of progress that occur as the researchers have flashed
of insight and the design principles which refers to the descriptive characteristics of good
design.
 Coding – in this phase, the researchers began to write the program. Considering
the standards for programming, guidelines for reuse, using design to frame the
code and the internal and external documentation.
 Unit Testing- after coding, this is the next phase. In this stage, the researchers
were able to test the functions, performance, acceptance, software reliability,
availability and maintainability. They also include the installation testing, test
documentation and testing safety-critical systems.
Acceptance Testing- in this phase, the researchers considered the purpose
and roles. Acceptance testing enable the customers and users to determine if
the built system meets their needs and expectations, written, conducted and
evaluated by the customers.
Description of Existing System
The existing system needs to be calibrated first before you can use it. You have
to clean the electrode first to avoid inaccurate measurement. You will generally need
more than one buffer for calibrating a pH meter. The first will be a “neutral” buffer with a
pH of 7, and the second should be near the expected sample pH, either a pH of 4
or
9.21. Buffers with a higher pH (9.21) are best calibrated for measuring bases, whereas
buffers with a low pH (4) are best for measuring acidic samples. Once you have chosen
your buffers allow them to reach the same temperature, as pH readings are temperature
26
dependent. Pour your buffers into individual beakers for calibration. Then you can
proceed measuring the pH sensor.
However, in the pH paper it easy to use you can just dip the tip of the paper to
the substance you want to measure. Even a drop can put results.
START
LIQUID
WAIT 1 – 1O MINUTES
COLOR OF
THE RESULT
END
Figure 5 Existing System
The figure above is all about the flowchart of the existing system used by the
professors and the students. Liquid substance that served as input, then the users must
wait from 1-10 minutes, and output will be the color of the result. In that way, the users
determine the Ph analysis of a specific liquid substance.
27
Description of Proposed System
START
ALREADY NO
HAVE AN ATION
ACCOUNT
YES
LOG IN
Figure 6 Proposed System
28
A
MAIN USER EXPORT TO

MENU PDF
LIQUID
SUBSTA
NCE
MEASURE PH
NO SAVE YES END

B
DATA
Figure 6.1 Proposed System
The researchers proposed a system with device that will measure the pH level of
a liquid substance without calibrating which can save time for the end-user and provide
an accurate and very fast result. The device also would provide a system database for
the tested result for comparison purposes during his present and previous sample
substances.
29
Actual Device
Figure 7 Actual Device
From the schematic diagram on the previous page, and now to the picture
of actual device. It is the image of the device that is now properly functioned and
is interconnected.
30
Entity Relationship Diagram
The figure below shows the system data table, how are they connected and their
respective function in the proposed system.
Figure 8 Entity Relationship Diagram
The figure above explains and describes the events that happen in system. From
the admin, they must log in for username and password, then in the user data which the
information must directly come from the user, it includes the result of the pH, date, name
of data, username and the status, and another data table for the data of the user that
includes his first name, last name, username, password, course, year and semester.
31
Data Dictionary
The tables for data dictionary include the data type of the variables used, and
the name of the variable for the program.
Table 2 Admin
Variable Name Data Type Description
Id VARCHAR(45) Variable used as a primary

key
Admin_username VARCHAR(45) Variable used for admin
username
Admin_password VARCHAR(45) Variable used for admin
password
Table 3 pH_User_Data
Id VARCHAR(45) Variable used as a

foreign key
ph_result VARCHAR(45) Variable used for user
information
Date VARCHAR(45) Variable used for date
data_name STR Variable used for the
name of the data to save.
Table 4 User Data
Id VARCHAR(45) Used as a Foreign key
Firstname STR Variable that stores data of the

first name of the user
Lastname STR Variable that stores data of the
lastname of the user
Username STR Variable that stores username
data
Password VARCHAR(45) Variable that stores password
data
32
Course VARCHAR(45) Variable that stores course data
of the user
Year VARCHAR(45) Variable that stores year level
data
Semester VARCHAR(45) Variable that stores data of the
school year
Data Flow Diagram
The figure below shows the Context Data Flow Level 0 Diagram of the proposed
Figure 9 Data Flow Diagram

system. It represents how each program steps are connected to the database system.
Starting from the user and how it ends in the database tables.
This shows that the flow of the device, from the user that shall create an account
if the user has no account yet, then will input the account details and shall proceed to
the userdata table, wherein that user data table asks the first name, user name, last
name, password and other important details from the end-user. Otherwise, he shall
log
33
in if he already had an account and will enter his account details, in that, the details shall
be sent to test the substance, then will have the test result, and finally shall save the
experiment to the userdata table.
Admin
Figure 10 Context Diagram Level 0
This figure represents how the user, the proposed system and the database are
connected and interact according to the user’s inputs. From the figure above, the user
must log into account or create account if he don’t have any account yet. After that, the
user shall send also the sample solution to the device, and the device shall send back
the test result. On the other side, the interaction between the admin the pH analysis
device, the device shall validate the login came from the end user and shall save the
test result to the admin, and finally shall modify the login details to the admin made by
the user. While the admin’s task is to load the previous test result and shall display the
requested login details.
34
D1 userdata
D1 userdata
ph_user_data
D2
ph_user_data
D2
Figure 11 Child Level Diagram
This figure represents how the user input data are stored in each respective data
table.
35
Graphical User Interface
Figure 12 Log in Form
The researchers created a modernize user interface that is connected to the chemistry
laboratory for these system study. It has two textboxes that the users shall fill in the
user name and the password.
36
This figure shows the informations that must be filled in by the user. It includes
the username, password, re-enter the password for confirmation if the user’s password
is the same as what he has entered on the first trial, then the first name and last name
of the user, the course, year level and the semester. It also includes two buttons. It is
either the user shall click the register button to continue and proceed to the next level,
or shall click the cancel button if there are changes to be made by the user
Figure 13 Registration Form
37
Figure 14 Admin Form
This figure is the main menu form. It is now in the form of testing the pH level and
the status of the pH paper.
Figure 15 Admin Panel
Figure 19 Admin Panel is the interface in the admin form for the admin panel.
38
Gantt Chart
This chart below shows when the researchers accomplish steps in making a proposal.
June July August September October
Week 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Title &
Concept
Data
Gathering
Planning
&
Designing
Chapter
1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Finalizing
Proposal
Figure 16 Gantt Chart
The table above is all about the schedule set by the researchers to finish their
task with the given time frame. From the proposal of the title of the research, the
documentation from chapter 1 to chapter 5, and the device’s process from the basic
phase up to the complicated phase and finalization of the manuals, documentation and
the device, and the final defense.
39
Cost and Benefits Analysis
The table shows the cost of the required software and hardware for the project.
Table 5 Requirements
Requirements Cost
Description
1 PC Set at least P 5,000.00 Will be used to operate

200GB ROM the Arduino device.
Arduino Uno Device P 500.00 Will be used as a

system device.
Accessory of Arduino
Potential hydrogen P 1,500.00 that can measure
Sensor potential hydrogen.
Wire DuPont Jumper P 300.00 Will connect the

accessory to the
Arduino.
Programmers fee P 5,000.00
TOTAL COST P 12,300.00
The table above simply shows the payables of the researchers in order for their
device be possible and work properly. Cost and descriptions of each requirements they
used.
40
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS, FINDINGS, AND ANALYSIS
This chapter describes the analysis of data followed by a discussion of the
research findings. The findings relate to the research questions that guided the study.
Data were analyzed to identify, describe and measure the potential hydrogen.
Following are the data that the researchers gathered in order to meet the three
objectives of the study.
In the first objective that aims to create a system with an Arduino device and
potential hydrogen sensor that will replace the potential hydrogen paper and
compute the potential hydrogen level of a liquid substance, from the figure below
that shows that the researchers conducted a thorough research to Prof. Parcon and Dr.
Japson. Wherein, the two experts in subject gave a lot of information and gave ideas to
the researchers that the pH sensor is really possible and could be used to replace to
the manual way of testing. This data is coming from the actual interview to Prof. Parcon
and Dr. Japson made by the researchers.
Findings
The researchers have successfully created a device that will replace the ph paper
to measure the ph level of a liquid substances. However, the device can only be use
one at a time by the students. Unlike ph paper the students can measure at the same
time.
41
Aims to create a system with an Arduino device and potential hydrogen sensor
that will display numerical representation as a result. And the data that was
considered by the researchers are also the data they gathered from the two
professors based from their actual interview.
Findings
The researcher’s finding on the 2nd objective is the results are much faster than
the ph paper. It provides a result in a matter of seconds and it is real-time. Therefore,
people that have an eye-problem can use this device easily.
Table 6 First Test Results

Buffered Solution PH4 PH7 PH10
PH ANALYSIS DEVICE 4 6.70 10.20
DOST 4 7 10
The table above shows that the first test with DOST doesn’t match. Some
adjustment with the system codes are made in order to fix the problem that the
researchers encountered.
Table 7 Second Test Result w/ Adjustments

Buffered Solution PH4 PH7 PH10
DOST 4 7 10
PH ANALYSIS DEVICE 4 7 10.50
The Table 7 Second Test Results with Adjustments the researchers put a
conditional statement in the program so that the device can adjust its own result.
42
Table 8 Final Test Results
Buffered PH4 PH7 PH10
Solution
DOST 4 7 10
PH ANALYSIS DEVICE 4 7 10
Table 9 Final Test Results shows the test result the researcher’s successful
utilization of the proposed device will match result with the DOST device. At the end,
the researchers got the result that the researchers want.
From the third objective of the study, to create data-based software
application that can record students’ information and the data of the laboratories
experiments of the students, the data that the researchers based on are the following
tables of data.
The software application design by the researchers will be a great help not only
on the professors but also on their student in way of recording their laboratory data’s.
However, students features are limited unlike the admin which is the professors have
the maximum control of the software from registration to the students data’s.
43
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summa
ry
This solution to the problem improves the way to measure the level of PH on any
water substances. The university uses the traditional way of measuring water
substance. The device was made to replace the traditional way of measuring the
potential hydrogen with software application can record the data every time the device
used to measure the substance.
The study provides system functions with regards to the records of the data of
their laboratories experiments. The proposed software application would be a great help
in managing time and is easier in conducting measurements for laboratory experiments.
The university can benefit financially by implementing this device due to its low cost.
Instead of buying the potential hydrogen device that is in the market which costs P
200,000.00 they can implement this study in a cost efficient way.
Conclusions
After a thorough study of the problem, this proposed study, Potential Hydrogen
Analysis Device would be more productive than the traditional way of measuring the
potential hydrogen. The proponents took the study for improvement of the traditional
way.
Recommendations
Based on the researchers’ findings in the previous way of taking data, the
researchers propose to the client the implementation of the device called “Potential
Hydrogen Analysis device”. Based on the gathered data there are a lot that can be
improved in the said device that will help the client or the end user.
Potential Hydrogen Analysis Device researchers would recommend to the future
researchers to do the following:
 Improve the device by making the device work as a standalone device.
 Include additional facts and functions on the software application.
 To install comparative results generator to the software application so that the
administrator can derive conclusions based on the results given by the
students.
 Provide modifications on the application for compatibility on a network based
system so that the result could be transferred from one computer to another.
46
BIBLIOGRAPHY
C Arbotante(2015).Water Quality in Pampanga River along Barangay Buas in Candaba,
Pampanga
D Cardace(Feb 10, 2015). “Feasible metabolisms in high pH springs of the Philippines”
E4tech Sàrl with Element Energy Ltd. For the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint
Undertaking(February 2014). “Development of Water Electrolysis in the European
Union”
Jun Li,Hongyu Huang,Noriyuki Kobayashi,Zhaohong He,Yoshihiro Nagai(4 January
2014). Study on using hydrogen and ammonia as fuels: Combustion characteristics
and NOx formation
(Nov 8, 2016).EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY OF MAJOR RIVERS IN
PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES USING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND
WATER QUALITY INDEX
(2014). “Hydrogen potential of antibiotic solutions subjected to
environmental conditions: SSxa preliminary trial”
(2015).“DEFINITION OF pH SCALES, STANDARD REFERENCE
VALUES, MEASUREMENT OF pH AND RELATED TERMINOLOGY”
905 WALNUT HILL DR #1 LONGVIEW, TX 75605

© 2018 ROBERT B. SHELTON, DDS MAGD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
47
https://psa.gov.ph/.../evaluation-water-quality-major-rivers-palawan-philippines-
using... http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/er.3141/abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC)
http://repoa.info/ph-level-of-laundry-detergent/
https://www.sheltondentistry.com/patient-information/ph-values-common-
drinks/
48
APPENDICES
49
Appendix A
50
RO II Forms
51
R01 (5 copies)
Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Puerto Princesa City
College of Sciences
APPLICATION FOR DESIGNATION OF RESEARCH ADVISER
Name of Applicants Signature
1. Rosaceña , Reniel V.
2. Anoñuevo , Paul Kevin
3. Aborot, Michelle Mae D.
Department: COMPUTER SCIENCE
Degree: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
Proposed Title of Research: Potential Hydrogen Analysis Device
Proposed Research Adviser: MR. ADONIS AMPONGAN
Date filed:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(To be filled out by the Faculty member/s concerned)
Noted by: MR. RODOLFO O. ABALUS JR.

CS Research Coordinator
MS. KRISTINE JOY V. MARTINEZ

Department Chairperson
DESIGNATING MR. ADONIS AMPONGAN AS RESEARCH ADVISER.
52
Form R02 II (8 copies)
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Sciences
APPLICATION FOR DESIGNATION OF RESEARCH ADVISER
Name of Applicants Signature
1. Rosaceña , Reniel V.
2. Anoñuevo , Paul Kevin
3. Aborot, Michelle Mae D.
Department: COMPUTER SCIENCE
Degree: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
Proposed Title of Research: Potential Hydrogen Analysis Device
Date filed:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(To be filled out by the Faculty member/s concerned)
Designating the following faculty as panel members

1. MR .RHAY NIEL D. TACUD
2. MS. AILENE L. SIBAYAN
3. DR. FLOREDITH JEANNE G. ALCID
Noted by:
MR. RODOLFO O. ABALUS JR.
CS Research Coordinator
MS. KRISTINE JOY V. MARTINEZ

Department Chairperson
DESIGNATING MR. ADONIS C. AMPONGAN AS RESEARCH ADVISER.
DR. CARMENCITA G. PALANCA

Dean
53
GRAMMARIAN CERTIFICATE
54
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the undersigned has reviewed and went through all the pages of the thesis /
research paper entitled “Potential Hydrogen Analysis Device” by Michelle Aborot, Reniel Rosaceña and
Paul Kevin Añonuevo, aligned with the set of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences,
phrases, and words in the English language.
Signed this 7th day of November in the year of our Lord, 2018 at the College of Arts and Humanities,
Palawan State University, Puerto Princesa City.
Signed:
RIZALDY S. BUSTAMANTE
Grammarian
55
SOURCE CODE
56
SOURCE CODE
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;
namespace PH
{
public partial class login_form : Form

{
SqlConnection connection;
string connectionstring;
public static string username = "";
public static int admin;
public login_form()
{
InitializeComponent();
connectionstring =
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["PH.Properties.Settings.databaseConnectionString"].ConnectionStrin
g;
//USED FOR MOVING THE LOGIN_FORM */START

int mouseX = 0, mouseY = 0;
bool mouseDOWN;
private void login_main_panel_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)

{
mouseDOWN = true;
}
private void login_main_panel_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)

{
57
if (mouseDOWN)
{
mouseX = MousePosition.X - 200;
mouseY = MousePosition.Y - 40;
this.SetDesktopLocation(mouseX, mouseY);
}
}
private void login_main_panel_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)

{
mouseDOWN = false;
}
private void button_register_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
check_data();
private void login_form_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
panel_register.Visible = false;
panel_login.BringToFront();
}
private void button_cancel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
//
}
private void button_submit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
//
validate_login();
private void btn_reg_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
panel_register.Visible = true;
panel_register.BringToFront();
}
58
private void add_data()
{
string query = "INSERT INTO userdata VALUES

(@firstname,@lastname,@username,@password,@course,@year,@semester)";
using (connection = new SqlConnection(connectionstring))
using (SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(query, connection))
{
connection.Open();
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@firstname", textbox_firstname.Text);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@lastname", textbox_lastname.Text);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@username", textbox_username.Text);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@password", textbox_password.Text);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@course", combo_course.Text);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@year", combo_sem.Text);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@semester", combo_year.Text);
command.ExecuteNonQuery();
MessageBox.Show("Saved Successfully!");
connection.Close();
}
}//end of add_data
private void check_data()
{
error1.Visible = false;
error_course.Visible = false;
error_sem.Visible = false;
error_year.Visible = false;
if (textbox_firstname.Text == "")
{
error1.Visible = true;
MessageBox.Show("Firstname field is Empty!");
}
else if (textbox_lastname.Text == "")
{
MessageBox.Show("Lastname field is Empty!");
}
else if (textbox_username.Text == "")
{
MessageBox.Show("Username field is Empty!");
}
else if (textbox_password.Text == "")
{
59
MessageBox.Show("Password field is Empty!");
}
else if (textbox_password.Text.Length < 8)
{
MessageBox.Show("Password must be 8 characters and above!");
}
else if (combo_course.Text == "")
{
error_course.Visible = true;
MessageBox.Show("Course Field is empty!");
}
else if (combo_sem.Text == "")
{
error_sem.Visible = true;
MessageBox.Show("Semester Field is empty!");
}
else if (combo_year.Text == "")
{
error_year.Visible = true;
MessageBox.Show("Year Field is empty!");
}
else
{
if(textbox_password.Text == textbox_password2.Text)
{
SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionstring);
SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select count(*) from userdata where username
='"+textbox_username.Text+"'", connection);
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
adapter.Fill(dt);
if (dt.Rows[0][0].ToString() == "1")
{
MessageBox.Show("Username already exist!");
textbox_username.Text = "";
}
else
{
error_course.Visible = false;
add_data();
textbox_firstname.Text = textbox_lastname.Text = textbox_username.Text =
60
textbox_password.Text = textbox_password2.Text = combo_course.Text = combo_sem.Text =
combo_year.Text = "";
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("Password does not match!");
textbox_password2.Text = "";
}
private void button_admin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
admin_login();
private void validate_login()

{

SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select count(*) from userdata where username
='"+textbox_login_username.Text+"'and password = '"+textbox_login_password.Text+"'", connection);
adapter.Fill(dt);
61
if(textbox_login_username.Text == "" && textbox_login_password.Text == "")
{
MessageBox.Show("Field is Empty!", "INCORRECT", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
else if (dt.Rows[0][0].ToString() == "1")
{
admin = 1;
username = textbox_login_username.Text;
textbox_login_username.Text = textbox_login_password.Text = "";
this.Hide();
MAIN_FORM main = new MAIN_FORM();
main.Show();
else
{
MessageBox.Show("Please Enter correct username and password", "INCORRECT",
MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
}//end of validate_login
private void pictureBox1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
private void label5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
private void error_course_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
private void panel_register_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)

{
private void admin_login()

{

SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select count(*) from admin where Admin_username
62
='"+textbox_login_username.Text+"'and Admin_password = '"+textbox_login_password.Text+"'",connection);
adapter.Fill(dt);
if (textbox_login_username.Text == "" && textbox_login_password.Text == "")

{
MessageBox.Show("Field is Empty!", "INCORRECT", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
}
else if (dt.Rows[0][0].ToString() == "1")
{
admin = 2;
username = textbox_login_username.Text;
this.Hide();
main.Show();
else
{
MessageBox.Show("ADMIN ACCOUNT NOT FOUND", "INCORRECT", MessageBoxButtons.OK,

}
}//end of validate_login
}
}
SOURCE CODE MAIN_FORM
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;
using iTextSharp.text;
63
using System.IO;
namespace PH
{
public partial class MAIN_FORM : Form
{
SqlConnection connection;
string connectionstring;
bool test = false;
bool bool_delete = false;
bool bool_export = false;
DataTable user = new DataTable();
string ph_value;
public MAIN_FORM()
{
InitializeComponent();
connectionstring =
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["PH.Properties.Settings.databaseConnectionString"].ConnectionStrin
g;
admin_controls();
}
//USED FOR MOVING THE LOGIN_FORM */START

int mouseX = 0, mouseY = 0;
bool mouseDOWN;
void ExportDataTableToPdf(DataTable dtblTable, String strPdfPath, string strHeader)

{
System.IO.FileStream fs = new FileStream(strPdfPath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write,
FileShare.None);
Document document = new Document();
document.SetPageSize(iTextSharp.text.PageSize.A2);
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.GetInstance(document, fs);
document.Open();
iTextSharp.text.Image PSU = iTextSharp.text.Image.GetInstance("D:\\PSU.jpg");

PSU.ScalePercent(45f);
64
PSU.SetAbsolutePosition(350f, 1565f);//1558
document.Add(PSU);
iTextSharp.text.Image CS = iTextSharp.text.Image.GetInstance("D:\\CS LOGO.jpg");

CS.ScalePercent(43f);
CS.SetAbsolutePosition(730f, 1565f);//1558
document.Add(CS);
//iTextSharp.text.Image CS = iTextSharp.text.Image.GetInstance();
//Report Header
BaseFont bfntHead = BaseFont.CreateFont(BaseFont.TIMES_ROMAN, BaseFont.CP1252,
BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);
iTextSharp.text.Font fntHead = new iTextSharp.text.Font(bfntHead, 16, 1,
iTextSharp.text.Color.BLACK);
Paragraph prgHeading = new Paragraph();
prgHeading.Alignment = Element.ALIGN_CENTER;
prgHeading.Add(new Chunk(strHeader.ToUpper(), fntHead));
document.Add(prgHeading);
//Author
Paragraph prgAuthor = new Paragraph();
BaseFont btnAuthor = BaseFont.CreateFont(BaseFont.TIMES_ROMAN, BaseFont.CP1252,
iTextSharp.text.Font fntAuthor = new iTextSharp.text.Font(btnAuthor, 13, 1,
iTextSharp.text.Color.BLACK);
prgAuthor.Alignment = Element.ALIGN_RIGHT;
// prgAuthor.Add(new Chunk("Admin : Admin", fntAuthor));
prgAuthor.Add(new Chunk("\nDate : " + DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString(), fntAuthor));
document.Add(prgAuthor);
//Add a line seperation

Paragraph p = new Paragraph(new Chunk(new iTextSharp.text.pdf.draw.LineSeparator(0.0F, 100.0F,
iTextSharp.text.Color.BLACK, Element.ALIGN_LEFT, 1)));
document.Add(p);
//Add line break

document.Add(new Chunk("\n", fntHead));
//Write the table

PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(dtblTable.Columns.Count);
//Table header
BaseFont btnColumnHeader = BaseFont.CreateFont(BaseFont.TIMES_ROMAN, BaseFont.CP1252,
iTextSharp.text.Font fntColumnHeader = new iTextSharp.text.Font(btnColumnHeader, 10, 1,
iTextSharp.text.Color.WHITE);
for (int i = 0; i < dtblTable.Columns.Count; i++)
{
PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell();
65
cell.BackgroundColor = iTextSharp.text.Color.BLACK;
cell.AddElement(new Chunk(dtblTable.Columns[i].ColumnName.ToUpper(), fntColumnHeader));
table.AddCell(cell);
}
//table Data
for (int i = 0; i < dtblTable.Rows.Count; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < dtblTable.Columns.Count; j++)
{
table.AddCell(dtblTable.Rows[i][j].ToString());
}
}
document.Add(table);
document.Close();
writer.Close();
fs.Close();
}
private void admin_controls()

{
if (login_form.admin == 2)
{
button3.Visible = true;
button4.Visible = true;
pictureBox1.Visible = true;
button_delete.Visible = true;
button_sem.Visible = true;
button_year.Visible = true;
button_Course.Visible = true;
}
else
{
button_delete.Visible = false;
pictureBox1.Visible = false;
button3.Visible = false;
button4.Visible = false;
button_sem.Visible = false;
button_year.Visible = false;
button_Course.Visible = false;
66
}
}
private void button_logout_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("ARE YOU SURE YOU WANT TO LOGOUT?", "LOGOUT",
MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
if (result == DialogResult.Yes)
{
ph_timer.Enabled = false;
timer_time.Enabled = false;
this.Hide();
login_form main = new login_form();
main.Show();
ph_port.Close();
label_status.Text = ph_output.Text = textbox_data_name.Text = "";
}
private void MAIN_FORM_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
get_ports();
//bool student = login_form.student;
label_greetings.Text = "Hi " + login_form.username + "!";

timer_time.Enabled = true;
admin_panel.Visible = false;
students_Panel.BringToFront();
get_ports();
private void get_ports()

{
foreach (string s in System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames())
{
combo_ports.Items.Add(s);
}
private void ph_timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)

67
{
ph_output.Text = ph_port.ReadLine().ToString();
//pase
// Double test = Convert.ToDouble(ph_port.ReadLine());
// float output = ph_port.ReadLine().floa();
private void button_test_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (test == true)
{
if(ph_port.IsOpen == true)
{
MessageBox.Show("DEVICE STATUS:CONNECTED", "STATUS", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
MessageBoxIcon.Information);
}
else
{
ph_port.Open();
ph_timer.Enabled = true;
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("PLEASE CHOOSE A
PORT!","ERROR",MessageBoxButtons.OK,MessageBoxIcon.Information);
}
private void button_save_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
68
float test = float.Parse(ph_output.Text);
//MessageBox.Show(test.ToString());
if (test > 7.00)

{
label_status.Text = "Base";
}
else if( test == 7.00)
{
label_status.Text = "Neutral";
}
else
{
label_status.Text = "Acid";
}
// label_timer.Text = x.ToString();
if (ph_port.IsOpen == true)
{
if (textbox_data_name.Text == "")
{
MessageBox.Show("Enter data name first!", "ERROR", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
}
else
{
ph_port.Close();
save_experiment();
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("CLICK TEST FIRST!", "ERROR", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
69
}
private void save_experiment()

{
string query = "INSERT INTO ph_user_data VALUES

(@ph_result,@date,@dataname,@username,@status)";
using (SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(query, connection))
{
connection.Open();
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ph_result", ph_output.Text);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@date", DateTime.Now.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy H:mm"));
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@dataname", textbox_data_name.Text);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@username", login_form.username);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@status", label_status.Text);
MessageBox.Show("Saved Successfully!");
connection.Close();
private void delete()

{
if(bool_delete == true)
{
70
DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("ARE YOU SURE YOU WANT TO DELETE THIS DATA?
NOTE: ALL OF THE EXPERIMENT OF THIS USER WILL BE LOST!", "DELETE", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo,
MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
{
int index = dataGrid_students.CurrentRow.Index;

SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select username from userdata where ID = '" +
user.Rows[index][0].ToString() + "'", connection);
adapter.Fill(dt);
if(dt.Rows.Count == 0)
{
MessageBox.Show("NO DATA AVAILABLE!");
}
else
{
{

using (SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("DELETE userdata where username ='"
+ dt.Rows[0][0].ToString() + "'", connection))
{
connection.Open();
MessageBox.Show("Deleted Successfully!");
connection.Close();
show_admin();
SqlDataAdapter adapter4 = new SqlDataAdapter("select username from ph_user_data where

ID = '" + dt.Rows[0][0].ToString() + "'", connection);
DataTable dt4 = new DataTable();
adapter.Fill(dt4);
if (dt4.Rows.Count == 0)
{
}
else
{
using (SqlCommand command2 = new SqlCommand("DELETE ph_user_data where
username ='" + dt.Rows[0][0].ToString() + "'", connection))
{
connection.Open();
command2.ExecuteNonQuery();
MessageBox.Show("Deleted Successfully!");
connection.Close();
show_admin();
71
}
}
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("UPDATE YOUR DATA FIRST", "UPDATE", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
}
}
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
{
show_admin();
}
else
{
show_student();
}
private void timer_time_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
label_date.Text = DateTime.Now.ToLongDateString();
label_time.Text = DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString();
private void button_view_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
/*
{
// students_Panel.Visible = false;
admin_panel.BringToFront();
admin_panel.Visible = true;
MessageBox.Show("ADMIN!!");
72
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("students!");
}
*/
admin_panel.BringToFront();
admin_panel.Visible = true;
private void show_student()

{

SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select firstname AS FIRSTNAME,lastname AS
LASTNAME,course AS COURSE from userdata where username = '"+login_form.username+"'", connection);
DataTable user = new DataTable();
adapter.Fill(user);
dataGrid_students.DataSource = user;
SqlDataAdapter adapter2 = new SqlDataAdapter("select p.username AS USERNAME ,p.data_name AS

DATA, p.ph_result AS RESULT,p.status AS STATUS , p.date AS DATE from ph_user_data p ,userdata u
where u.username = p.username and p.username ='" + login_form.username + "'ORDER BY DATE DESC",
connection);

adapter2.Fill(dt2);
dataGrid_results.DataSource = dt2;
}
private void show_admin()

{
SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select Id, firstname AS FIRSTNAME , lastname AS

LASTNAME , course AS COURSE , username AS USERNAME , password AS PASSWORD from userdata",
connection);
DataTable userdata = new DataTable();
adapter.Fill(userdata);
adapter.Fill(user);
dataGrid_students.DataSource = userdata;
73
if (user.Rows.Count == 0)
{
MessageBox.Show("NO DATA AVAILABLE!","DATA NOT
FOUND",MessageBoxButtons.OK,MessageBoxIcon.Information);
bool_delete = false;
bool_export = false;
}
else
{
bool_delete = true;
bool_export = true;
}
private void dataGrid_students_CellContentClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)

{
}
private void datalink()
{
int index = dataGrid_students.CurrentRow.Index ;

//MessageBox.Show(index.ToString());
SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select username from userdata where Id
='"+user.Rows[index][0].ToString()+"'",connection);

// MessageBox.Show(dt.Rows[index][0].ToString());
adapter.Fill(dt);
if (dt.Rows.Count == 0)
{
}
else
{
SqlDataAdapter adapter2 = new SqlDataAdapter("select p.username AS USERNAME ,p.data_name

AS DATA , p.ph_result AS RESULTS , p.date AS DATE from ph_user_data p where p.username
='"+dt.Rows[0][0].ToString()+"'ORDER BY DATE DESC", connection);
adapter2.Fill(dt2);
74
dataGrid_results.DataSource = dt2;
if(dt2.Rows.Count == 0)
{
}
private void button_testph_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
}
private void button_refresh_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
get_ports();
}
private void label_timer_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
private void button_connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (combo_ports.Text == "")
{
MessageBox.Show("Please choose a port ", "PORT NOT FOUND!", MessageBoxButtons.OK,

label_stats.Text = "Not Connected";
test = false;
}
else
{
ph_port.PortName = combo_ports.Text;
75
label_stats.Text = "Connected";
test = true;

{
label_status.Text = ph_output.Text = textbox_data_name.Text = "";
MessageBox.Show("DONT FORGET TO CLEAN THE SENSOR", "CLEAN", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
timer_time.Enabled = false;
ph_port.Close();
this.Hide();
main.Show();
}
private void button_delete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
delete();
private void export_to_pdf()

{
DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("ARE YOU SURE YOU WANT TO EXPORT THE DATA?
NOTE: This might take a while", "EXPORT", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
{
if (bool_export == true)
{
// SqlDataAdapter adapter3 = new SqlDataAdapter("select u.firstname AS FIRSTNAME ,
u.lastname AS LASTNAME , u.course , u.year , u.semester , p.data_name , p.ph_result, p.status , p.date from
userdata u , ph_user_data p where u.username = p.username", connection);
SqlDataAdapter adapter3 = new SqlDataAdapter("select u.firstname AS FIRSTNAME , u.lastname
76
AS LASTNAME , p.data_name AS EXPERIMENT , p.ph_result AS PH, p.status AS STATUS , p.date AS DATE
from userdata u , ph_user_data p where u.username = p.username", connection);
adapter3.Fill(dt3);
data_export.DataSource = dt3;
ExportDataTableToPdf(dt3, @"D:\test.pdf", "Palawan State University\nPH ANALYSIS DEVICE

RESULTS\nPuerto Princesa City");
}
else
{
}
private void export_to_Excel()

{
DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("ARE YOU SURE YOU WANT TO EXPORT THE DATA?
NOTE: This might take a while", "EXPORT", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
if(result == DialogResult.Yes)
{
if (bool_export == true)
{

SqlDataAdapter adapter3 = new SqlDataAdapter("select u.firstname AS FIRSTNAME , u.lastname
AS LASTNAME , u.course AS COURSE , u.year AS YEAR , u.semester AS SEMESTER, p.data_name AS
DATA , p.ph_result AS RESULT, p.status AS STATUS , p.date AS DATE from userdata u , ph_user_data p
where u.username = p.username", connection);
77
adapter3.Fill(dt3);
data_export.DataSource = dt3;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Application app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();

Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Workbook workbook = app.Workbooks.Add(Type.Missing);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel._Worksheet worksheet = null;
worksheet = workbook.Sheets["Sheet1"];
worksheet = workbook.ActiveSheet;
worksheet.Name = "PH_OUTPUT";
for (int x = 1; x < data_export.Columns.Count + 1; x++)

{
worksheet.Cells[1, x] = data_export.Columns[x - 1].HeaderText;
}
for (int i = 0; i < data_export.Rows.Count - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < data_export.Columns.Count; j++)
worksheet.Cells[i + 2, j + 1] = data_export.Rows[i].Cells[j].Value.ToString();
var saveFileDialogue = new SaveFileDialog();

saveFileDialogue.InitialDirectory = @"C:\";
saveFileDialogue.Title = "Browse Text Files";
saveFileDialogue.FileName = "Output";
saveFileDialogue.CheckFileExists = true;
saveFileDialogue.DefaultExt = ".pdf";
MessageBox.Show(saveFileDialogue.ToString());
if (saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
workbook.SaveAs(saveFileDialogue.FileName, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,

Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, Type.Missing,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
}
app.Quit();
78
}
else
{
}

{
export_to_pdf();
// export_to_Excel();
}
private void panel1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)

{
mouseDOWN = true;
}
private void panel1_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)

{
if (mouseDOWN)
{
mouseX = MousePosition.X - 200;
mouseY = MousePosition.Y - 40;
this.SetDesktopLocation(mouseX, mouseY);
}
}
private void panel1_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)

{
mouseDOWN = false;
}
private void dataGrid_students_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
{
datalink();
}
}
79
private void combo_ports_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
private void data_export_CellContentClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)

{
private void label10_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
private void button_sem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select semester AS SEMESTER,firstname AS

FIRSTNAME,lastname AS LASTNAME from userdata ORDER by semester ", connection);
adapter.Fill(user);
}
private void button_year_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select year AS YEAR,firstname AS

FIRSTNAME,lastname AS LASTNAME from userdata ORDER by year ", connection);
adapter.Fill(user);
}
private void button_Course_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("select course AS COURSE,firstname AS

FIRSTNAME,lastname AS LASTNAME from userdata ORDER by course ", connection);
adapter.Fill(user);
}
80
{
export_to_Excel();
}
private void label_date_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
}
}
}
81
This shows the process in the existing system which is the manual testing
of the pH. Including the cost and benefit from the tables 7 and 8 below that
shows the computation per month and per year.
Course Quantity
Environmental Science 72
Young Biologist Association 50
Young Farmers Organization 30
Total number of students 152
Students Lab = 4 times per month

Class = 12 times per semester
School Year = 8 months equivalent to 1 school year

(4 months, holidays, school events, semestral break,
local and national holidays)
Strips P 5.00 Per strips
Usage of 152
students for 3 P 2,280 Per course
courses
Total P 11,400
Strips P 14,592 Strips used
82
Usage of 152 P 72,960
students for 3
courses
Total P 72,960
Computation
1 student: 3 strips per laboratory class
14,592 strips used per year
3 strips x 152 students P 2,280
456 strips per laboratory class
456 x 4 laboratory class

1,824 strips per month P 9,120
1,824 x 8 month
14,592 strips used per year P 72,960
Total Cost P 72,960
Benefits
Cost of Device - 12,300
Maintenance Yearly – 15,000
P 27,300
Existing Cost - 72,960 per year

New Cost - 27,300 per year
P 45,660 per year
Return of Investment
ROI = Benefits or Return

Cost of Investment
= answer x 100
= % (This is the percentage save by the Collage of Sciences in
PH Testing Laboratory)
ROI= Net Profit / Total Investment

ROI= 45,660 / 72,960 * 100
ROI= .62 * 100
83
ROI= 62%
84
Appendix B
85
Request Letter for Interview & Surveys
86
DR. CARMENCITA G.PALANCA
Dean
College of Sciences
Palawan State University - Main
Campus Ma'am;
We, students of Palawan State University taking up Bachelor of Science in Computer
Science are currently conducting a research entitled "Potential Hydrogen Analysis
Device" as a requirement for our Thesis. We are writing to ask permission to conduct a
research in your college, do interviews using guide questions with your students and
faculty as well as distribute instruments which will be needed for the success of this
research.
Your complete cooperation will be helpful. Rest assured that the data we are collecting
will be treat as confidential information.
Thank you and God bless your office!
Respectfully;
Paul Kevin
Añonuevo
Researcher
RenielRosaceña
Researcher
Michelle Mae
Aborot Researcher
87
Appendix C
88
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
Name: Paul Kevin Añonuevo

Address: Kalikasan Mutual homes,
Date of Birth: January 16, 1995
Place of Birth: San Vicente, Palawan
Parents:
Father: Mr. Eduardo Relado
Mother: Mrs. Emily Santos
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Elementary: New Guinlo Elementary School

Taytay, Palawan
2001-2006
Secondary: San Miguel National High School
Brgy. San Miguel, Puerto Princesa City
2007-2011
Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Tiniguiban Heights, Puerto Princesa City
2015-Present
89
Name: Reniel Rosaceña

Address: Barangay San Jose,
Date of Birth: May 17, 1998
Place of Birth: Puerto Princesa City
Parents:
Father: Mr. Rene V. Rosaceña
Mother: Mrs.Meriam V. Rosaceña
Elementary: Palawan State University –LES
2004-2010
Secondary: PSU-LHS
2010-2014
2015-Present
90
Name: Michelle Mae D. Aborot

Address: Barangay Santa Monica,
Date of Birth: August 10, 1987
Place of Birth: Brgy. Manggahan, Puerto Princesa City
Parents: Mr. Bernie Del Rosario Aborot
Mrs. Gloria Duran Aborot
Elementary: East Central School
1999-2000
Secondary: Palawan National School
2003-2004
2015-Present
91

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POTENTIAL HYDROGEN ANALYSIS DEVICE

A Thesis Project Proposal Presented to

the Faculty of the College Sciences

Palawan State University

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements in the course Thesis for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in

been examined and is recommended for approval and acceptance.

MR. ADONIS C. AMPONGAN

APPROVED by the Panel of Examiners with a grade of .

DR.FLOREDITH JEANNE G. ALCID

MS. AILENE L. SIBAYAN MR. RHAY NIEL D. TACUD

DR. CARMENCITA G. PALANCA

who contributed to the success of this thesis.

support they gave.

professor, Dr. Raymond P. Rey.

guidance He gave upon the researchers to complete this research.

and pressures they have encountered in their lives.

researchers to impart their knowledge, skills and ideas.

research successful and possible.

between the result of the pH meter in the pH Analysis Device.

In order to solve the problems, the researchers encountered a software

hydrogen paper in terms of measuring the potential hydrogen level.

The researcher recommends making the device as a stand-alone. Also, it is better to

accuracy of the device.

POTENTIAL HYDROGEN ANALYSIS DEVICE ............................................................................................... 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... 6

LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................................... 10

LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................................... 11

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 13

Background of Study .......................................................................................................................... 13

Objective of the Study........................................................................................................................... 2

Significance of the Study...................................................................................................................... 3

Chemistry Students .............................................................................................................................. 3

Chemistry Teachers .............................................................................................................................. 3

Palawan State University ...................................................................................................................... 4

Scope and Delimitation ......................................................................................................................... 4

Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................................................... 6

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY ....................................................................................... 7

Local Literature ................................................................................................................................... 10

Local Studies ....................................................................................................................................... 11

Foreign Studies ................................................................................................................................... 12

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 15

Research Design ................................................................................................................................. 15

Population of Study ............................................................................................................................ 16

Research Instrumentation .................................................................................................................. 16

Data Gathering Procedure .................................................................................................................. 17

Software Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 17

Deployment Plan ................................................................................................................................. 21

User Manuals ....................................................................................................................................... 21

Implementation Plan ........................................................................................................................... 21

System Maintenance Plan .................................................................................................................. 23

Research Procedure ........................................................................................................................... 24

Description of Existing System .......................................................................................................... 26

Description of Proposed System ....................................................................................................... 28

Actual Device .......................................................................................................................... 30

Entity Relationship Diagram .................................................................................................. 31

Data Dictionary ....................................................................................................................... 32

Graphical User Interface ........................................................................................................ 36

Cost and Benefits Analysis ................................................................................................... 40

RESULTS, FINDINGS, AND ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 41

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................. 44

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework ...................................................................................................................... 6

Figure 2 Palawan State University ................................................................................................................. 16

Figure 3 Use Case Diagram ............................................................................................................................ 22