A white dwarf, also called a generate dwarf, is a small star composed mostly of

electron-degenerate matter. They are very dense, a while dwarfs mass is comparable to
that of sun and its volume is comparable to that of the earth. Its faint luminosity comes
from the emission of stored thermal energy.

White dwarfs are thought to be the final evolutionary state of all stars whose
mass is not high enough to become a neutron star-over 97% of the star in our galaxy.
After the hydrogen-fusing lifetime of a main-sequence star of low or medium mass
ends, it will expand to a red giant which fuses helium to carbon and oxygen in its core
by the triple-alpha process. If a red giant has insufficient mass to generate the core
temperatures required to fuse carbon, around 1 billion K, an inert mass of carbon and
oxygen will build up at its center. After shedding its outer layers to form a planetary
nebula, it will leave behind this core, which form the remnant white dwarf. Usually,
therefore, white dwarfs are composed of carbon and oxygen. If the mass of the
progenitor is above 8 solar masses but below 10.5 solar masses, the core temperature
suffices to fuse carbon but not neon, in which case on oxygen-neon-magnesium white
dwarf may be formed. Also, some helium white dwarfs appear to have been formed by
mass loss in binary systems.

The material in a white dwarf no longer undergoes fusion reactions, so the star
has no source of energy, nor is it supported by the heat generated by fusion against
gravitational collapse. It is supported only by electron degeneracy pressure, causing it
to be extremely dense. The physics of degeneracy yields a maximum mass for a non-
rotating white dwarf, the Chandrasekhar limit-approximately 1.4 solar masses-beyond
which it cannot be supported by electron degeneracy pressure. A carbon-oxygen white
dwarf that approaches this mass limit, typically by mass transfer from a companion
star, may explode as a type is supernova via a procces known as carbon detonation.

A white dwarf is very hot when it is formed, but since it has no source of energy,
it will gradually radiate away its energy and cool down. This mean that is radiation,
which initially has a high color temperature, will lessen and redden with time. Over a
very long time, a white dwarf will cool to temperatures at which it will become a cold
black dwarf. However, since no white dwarf can be older than the age of the universe
(approximately 13.7 billion years), even the oldest white dwarfs still radiate at
temperatures of a few thousand kelvins, and no black dwarfs are thought to exist yet.

White dwarfs are stars that are small and mostly composed of a degenerate
electron matter. Stars of this type reached enormous densities, and a small star and
incompressible with mass density and the temperature reached 103 kg/cm3 surface
reaches 104K. White dwarfs are typically formed from a star will end its evolution,
especially the stars that have messes not too high. One of the star is expected to end
their lives as white dwarfs is the sun.

Not long ago, a team of astronomers from Germany and united managed to find
a white dwarf star with a very hot surface temperature 200.000 K. This discovery
resulted from ultraviolet observations far in white dwarf star KPD 00055106 take-off
using the space Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) courtesy of NASA.
White dwarfs in M4 globule clusters, the picture is only a very faint stars are white
dwarfs.

White dwarf N KPD 0005+5106 observed is notes as one of the hottest stars in
the hottest stars. So hot, the photosphere reveal emission lines (emission lines) in the
ultraviolet spectrum, a phenomenon that has never happened before. Sign of the
presence of these emission lines from ionized calcium in the extreme, which is also the
highest ionization stage of the chemical element ever discovered in the spectrum of star
photosphere.

Intermediate mass stars (1-8 solar masses) will end their lives as earth-sized
compact object after running out of nuclear energy. This star is known as white dwarfs.
During the transition from star to perform nuclear burning white dwarf, the star will be
very hot. Estimated temperatures will generally range from the 100.000 K. Stellar
evolution theory predicts the possibility of a star on this transition will be hotter.
Unfortunately, the possibility to observe this star would be very difficult, especially
because the period of this phase of life pasha star will be very brief.
 While theoretically predicted the existence of such hot white dwarfs do exist,
but the star would give another challenge to the concept of stellar evolution that we
know based on the composition. Measurement of calcium abundance (1-10 time the
sun) combined with helium-rich its atmosphere shows the chemical composition of
surfaces that are not predicted by existing models of evolution.