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Piling Risk Assessment: Building S4
Piling Risk Assessment: Building S4
Piling Risk Assessment: Building S4
Building S4
Reserved Matters Application
Piling Risk Assessment
Prepared for Lend Lease by Ramboll
Name of Report
INTERNATIONAL QUARTER LONDON: BUILDING S4
PILING RISK ASSESSMENT
Revision P01
Date 21/06/2016
Made by Harvey Rich / Emily Burge
Checked by Tom Smith
Approved by Simon Corness
Description Preliminary Issue
Ref TIQ-E-RAM-S4-XXX-RP-00-002
Ramboll Environ
240 Blackfriars Road
London
SE1 8NW
United Kingdom
T +44 (0)20 7631 5291
www.ramboll-environ.com
Piling Risk Assessment
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Objectives 1
1.2 Constraints and Limitations 2
2. THE SITE 3
2.1 Site Location 3
2.2 Site Description and Boundaries 3
2.3 Site History 3
2.4 Site Geology 3
2.5 Hydrogeology 4
2.6 Hydrology 5
2.7 Contamination 5
2.8 Ground Gas 5
2.9 Summary of the Conceptual Site Model 5
3. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 7
3.1 Proposed Development 7
3.2 Proposed Piling Methodology 7
4. PILING RISK ASSESSMENT 8
4.1 General 8
4.2 Risk Assessment 8
5. CONCLUSIONS 10
6. REFERENCES 11
APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Drawings
Piling Risk Assessment 1
1. INTRODUCTION
Ramboll has been instructed by Stratford City Business District (SCBD) Ltd to undertake a piling
risk assessment for Building S4 of the International Quarter London.
Outline Planning Permission has been granted for the comprehensive mixed-use development of
Stratford City, planning ref 10/90641/EXTODA, which divides Stratford City into 7 development
zones. Zone 2 comprises the core commercial zone; known as International Quarter London
(IQL). The outline planning permission is subject to compliance with a number of Planning
Conditions that relate to the whole IQL Development site, individual Development Zones and
individual Development plots.
This Piling Risk Assessment has been prepared to enable the discharge of Planning Condition L12
which states that “any piling or other works that may create pathways into the deep aquifer or
allow ground gases or other contaminants to present a hazard shall be carried out in accordance
with the details submitted to and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority before
development commences…”
This report provides the context and framework for piling on land affected by contamination and
provides justification of the choice of piling methodology for the proposed development and
mitigation measures to be adopted (if required).
1.1 Objectives
This report has been prepared with reference to the reports detailed within Table 1.1.
This document has been prepared for the use of SBDC Ltd. This report summarises information
provided from a number of external sources and cannot offer any guarantees or warranties for
the completeness or accuracy of information relied upon.
Piling Risk Assessment 3
2. THE SITE
2.1 Site Location
The site is located in London, within Zone 2 of the Stratford City Development. The site is
currently a vacant plot that occupies an area of 0.3 hectares and is at a ground level of
approximately 14.5m to 15.5m above Ordnance Datum (AOD). The centre of the site is located at
approximate National Grid co-ordinates TQ 38049 84533. A site location plan is shown in Figure
2.1.
The site is largely unoccupied, covered with asphalt hardstanding and is roughly level. Access to
the site is currently from the ‘stitch’; a pedestrian access route, at the junction with Westfield
Avenue.
The north-north eastern boundary of the site comprises a steep reinforced vegetated
embankment, comprising land raise materials, that extends down to Westfield Avenue. The
remaining boundaries are not clearly defined and continue onto the land associated with the
adjacent plots (Plots S5, S2, S10 and S9) of the wider IQL development. The eastern boundary of
the site is located adjacent to the east of the stitch pedestrian access route which dissects plot
S4. S5, currently under construction borders the site to the east. The southern extent of the site
is roughly delineated by a surface water drainage system. The western boundary of the IQL
South site comprises fencing separating the site from the adjacent Lend Lease site offices.
There is no vegetation present across the site and no services were visible during the site
walkover apart from surface drains running north west to south east.
The site history is fully described in the Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Desktop Site
Appraisal (Ramboll, 2016).
In summary, since the late 1890’s, the site has been used predominantly for railway uses. By the
1970’s, the area had been redeveloped into an International Freight Terminal, with warehouses
and railway sidings covering the site. By the late 1990’s the site had been largely cleared in
preparation for the CTRL works including the formation of a land raise on the site, and latterly,
the Olympic Park development, with the area being used for security check-in during the London
2012 Olympic Games.
There is potential for unforeseen obstructions to be found, particularly in the historical Made
Ground. A review of Skanska’s buried piles and foundations location plan suggests the risk of
encountering foundation obstructions below the Land Raise is low.
Plot S4 was developed pre and post war and as such, in line with the Arup UXO Desk Study and
Risk Assessment (Arup, 2008), the risk of encountering UXOs during piling is relatively low.
Details of the anticipated geology can be found in the Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
Desktop Site Appraisal (Ramboll, 2016).
Piling Risk Assessment 4
The geological sequence beneath the site has been assessed based on previous site investigation
records from the site and surrounding area. The geological progression has been identified as
Landraise fill, underlain by historical Made Ground and a discontinuous stratum of Alluvium, River
Terrace Deposits, Lambeth Group, Thanet Sand and Upper Chalk. The Landraise fill is
approximately 10m in depth, and was placed in the early 2000s, comprising excavation spoil
from the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL) works. Much of the material was lime stabilised and as
such may be very stiff and present difficulties during piling. The Lambeth Group can be sub-
divided into the Woolwich Formation, Reading Formation and Upnor Formation. Table 2.1
provides a summary of the expected ground conditions at site.
A combination of materials
+14.77 to including lime stabilised
Land Raise +15.0 10.5 material, sandy gravelly
+18.89
clay, and fragments of
brick, flint and concrete
Mixture of rubble; ash;
Made +3.52 to +7.99 +4.5 back fill; brick; quartz;
2.0
Ground sand and stones; ballast;
clinker and flint
+2.4 to +2.92 Firm to stiff dark green/
Alluvium +2.5 0.5
(discontinuous) grey silty or sandy clay
2.5 Hydrogeology
The groundwater regime at the site is characterised by two aquifers. The upper aquifer comprises
the Secondary (undifferentiated) Alluvium and Secondary A River Terrace Deposits. The lower
Principal aquifer is primarily formed by the Chalk, and the Thanet Sand and Upnor Formation are
likely to be in hydraulic continuity with the Chalk.
2.6 Hydrology
The nearest surface water feature to the site is a tributary of the Waterworks River,
approximately 230m to the south west of the site. The River Lea is located roughly 340m to the
northwest of the site.
2.7 Contamination
Based on the review of information available to date contained within the Geotechnical and
Geoenvironmental Desktop Site Appraisal (Ramboll, 2016), it is considered that:
• No significant soil contamination has been previously identified within the top 2m of land
raise and this material has been signed off by the London Borough of Newham as suitable for
a Residential (with gardens) end use.
• Evidence of arsenic, boron, copper, lead, phenol, sulphate, TPH and PAH contamination have
previously been identified >2mbgl, within the land raise and historical Made Ground.
Bioremediated material is similarly contained in a number of cells beneath the site. Alkaline
soils have also been recorded in the land raise beneath the site associated with emplacement
of lime stabilised materials.
• Asbestos (ACM) containing materials and free fibres were identified in a number of cells,
within isolated cement products.
• Within groundwater, concentrations of manganese, boron, EPH and ammonium were recorded
in the upper Aquifer, along with medium to heavy end aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Elevated light end hydrocarbons were not identified.
Based upon the information available to date as provided by Delta Simons (Delta Simons, 2013)
and discussed within the Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Desktop Site Appraisal (Ramboll,
2016) the site is indicated to be a Characteristic Situation 2 site. The site wide programme of
ground gas monitoring undertaken between 2007 and 2008 identified elevated concentrations of
methane and carbon dioxide, as well as depleted oxygen. Adjacent ground gas monitoring of Plot
S5 undertaken in 2015 identified elevated methane concentrations.
The Zone 2 Ground Contamination Assessment by Delta Simons (Delta Simons, 2013) contained
a Conceptual Site Model for the proposed development site. This was further refined specific to
Plot S4 as part of the Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Desktop Site Appraisal (Ramboll,
2016). The plausible pollutant linkages of significance to piling works adopted from the Desk
Study are contained in Table 2.2 below.
Land Raise / Made Direct contact with potentially Construction Workers Moderate / Low *
Ground contaminated soils
(Soil Ingestion and inhalation of Construction Workers Moderate / Low *
contamination) soils, dusts and vapours Adjacent Site Users Moderate / Low *
Piling Risk Assessment 6
Notes
Assessment completed assuming site in current condition. Should site levels be altered during development, a
reassessment would be required.
* The risks to construction workers and adjacent site users will be reduced to Low on the assumption that the
contractor will deal with all risks based on the hazards identified within this report and revised according to
ground conditions encountered during any on-site activities. The Contractor will be responsible for managing
site environmental and health and safety procedures including provision of PPE, education of the workforce
and inductions for all site staff and visitors.
Piling Risk Assessment 7
3. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
3.1 Proposed Development
The proposed development at IQL Building S4 comprises a 22-storey commercial building with a
single level of basement providing predominantly office space with a small area of retail space at
ground floor. The single level of basement occupies a significant portion of the building footprint
and is used for building services plant and storage.
Proposed development drawings are contained in the Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners drawings
submission.
The development is proposed to be founded on approximately 200 No. Continuous Flight Auger
(CFA) bearing piles and will be comprised of 900mm and 750mm diameter piles up to 27m in
length that will terminate 2m into the Thanet Sands (at approximate level of -17 mOD). The
basement retaining wall is likely to comprise a contiguous wall and will be constructed of 900mm
diameter contiguous CFA piles up to 27m in length when loaded with superstructure column or
15m when just retaining, terminating into the Upnor Formation (at an approximate level of -13
mOD).
This is subject to detailed design by the piling contractor.
The Piling Risk Assessment has been undertaken in accordance with guidance by the
Environment Agency, namely, Piling and Penetrative Ground Improvement Methods on Land
Affected by Contamination: Guidance on Pollution Prevention NC/99/73 (EA, 2001). In particular
this risk assessment refers to the six pollution scenarios detailed within NC/99/73 which are
summarised in Table 4.1.
Scenario Details
1 Creating of preferential pathways through a low permeability layer (an aquitard) to
allow potential contamination of an aquifer.
2 Creation of preferential pathways through a low permeability surface layer to allow
migration of landfill gas, soil gas or vapours to surface.
3 Direct contact of site workers and others with contaminated soil arisings that have
been brought to the surface.
4 Direct contact of the piles of engineered structures with contaminated soil or
leachate causing degradation of pile materials.
5 Driving of solid contaminants down to an aquifer during pile driving.
6 Contamination of groundwater and subsequently surface waters by wet concrete,
cement paste or grout.
The piling risk assessment for the International Quarter London Building S4 is contained within
Table 4.2 Risk estimation has been undertaken in line with guidance provided by the NHBC and
Environment Agency (NHBC/EA, 2008).
5. CONCLUSIONS
The foundation solution for IQL Building S4 is proposed to comprise approximately 200 No. CFA
piles. Pile diameters will be between 900mm and 750mm diameter and up to 27m in length,
terminating in the Thanet Sands, with the basement retaining wall being formed by
approximately 237No CFA contiguous piles of 900mm and up to 27m in length.
As part of this assessment a number of potential adverse environmental impacts have been
considered and assessed on a qualitative basis. The overall risks associated with the proposed
foundation works are considered to be low and the use of CFA piles is considered appropriate for
the ground conditions at the site.
Piling Risk Assessment 11
6. REFERENCES
• Delta Simons. 2007. Site Wide Ground Resources and Remediation Strategy ref 06.3245.02.
• Delta Simons. 2013. Zone 2 Ground Contamination Assessment Ground Contamination ref
09-3212.04.
• Environment Agency. 2001. Piling and Penetrative Ground Improvement Methods on Land
Affected by Contamination: Guidance on Pollution Prevention ref NC/99/73.
• NHBC and Environment Agency 2008. Guidance for the Safe Development of Housing on Land
Affected by Contamination. R&D Publication 66: 2008.
• Ramboll. 2016. Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Desktop Site Appraisal ref TIQ-S-RAM-
S4-XXX-RP-00-002
APPENDIX 1
DRAWINGS
A1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R COPYRIGHT RAMBOLL UK LIMITED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS
DOCUMENT IS ISSUED FOR THE PARTY WHO COMMISSIONED IT AND FOR
THE SPECIFIC PURPOSES CONNECTED WITH THE PROJECT ONLY. IT
SHOULD NOT BE RELIED UPON BY ANY OTHER PARTY OR USED FOR ANY
4No. PILES ASSUMED OTHER PURPOSE. RAMBOLL ACCEPTS NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY
WHICH MAY ARISE FROM RELIANCE OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE
FOR TOWER CRANE DATA CONTAINED HEREIN BY ANY OTHER PARTY OR FOR ANY OTHER
1 BASE T.B.C. BY OTHERS PURPOSE.
Notes
1. DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING
EXISTING HV CABLE TO BE
A B C D E F G LOCATED PRIOR TO EXCAVATION 2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE MILLIMETRES U.N.O.
OR PILING WORKS ALONG
3. ALL LEVELS ARE IN METRES ABOVE ORDNANCE DATUM U.N.O.
10500 10500 10500 10500 10500 10500 WESTFIELD AVENUE
4. THIS DRAWING IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH ALL RELEVANT
ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS.
12.28 12.94 14.38 14.39 14.47 14.54
14.42
2
13.99
14.18
14.34
12.68 12.93 13.05 14.56 14.63
14.54
13.49
14.19
13.98
14.49
14.45
14.41
KEY TO PILES:
DENOTES 750Ø CFA PILE
12.63 12.95 13.23 13.56 13.85 14.04 14.18 14.34 14.37
14.50 14.66 14.71 14.75 TOTAL No. 11
12.73 14.56 14.63
1
12.37 13.24
DENOTES 900Ø CFA PILE
900Ø CONTIGUOUS TOTAL No. 192
14.89 CFA PILES
900Ø CONTIGUOUS
3 SITE BOUNDARY DENOTES TOWER CRANE
14.93
KEY TO HEALTH AND SAFETY SYMBOLS
PILES BY OTHERS
CFA PILES
14.85
7500
900Ø CONTIGUOUS
CONSTRUCTION FOUL WATER SEWER
9000
CFA PILES
STORM WATER SEWER
CP071 CP072 CP073 CP074 CP075 CP076 CP077 CP078 CP079 CP080
GAS
.2
1 FOR PILE SCHEDULE REFER TO DWG
CP186 15
POTABLE WATER
CP081 CP082 CP083 CP084 CP085 CP086 CP087 CP088 No. TIQ-S-RAM-S4-XXX-DR-06-090
6
4 14
.9
8
CP089 CP090 CP091 CP092 CP093 CP094 CP095 CP096 CP097 CP098
BT
1
.2
NEW HV CABLE TO BE CP099 CP100 CP101 CP102 CP103 CP104 CP105 CP106 15 LANDLORD COMMS
CP107 CP108 CP109 CP110 CP111 CP112 CP113 CP114 CP115 CP116
900Ø CONTIGUOUS
CFA PILES
CP144 CP145 CP146 CP147 CP148 CP149 CP150 CP151 CP152 CP153 CP154 CP155 CP156 CP157 CP158 CP159 CP160
15 SUBJECT TO CONSULTATION WITH
LONDON CITY AIRPORT, THE
DETAILS OF WHICH ARE SUBJECT
9000
6
.0
15
TO A SEPARATE APPLCIATION FOR
.9
9 THE APPROVAL OF DETAILS
14
PURSUANT TO CONDITIONS X OF
8 CP188
CP161 CP162 CP163 CP164 CP165 CP166 CP167 CP168 CP169 CP170 THE STRATFORD CITY OUTLINE
6 900Ø CONTIGUOUS PLANNING PERMISSION (REF:
P02 RMA ISSUE JM 24/06
CFA PILES 10/90641/EXTODA KJ 2016
900Ø CONTIGUOUS
CP171 CP172 CP173 CP174 CP175 CP176 CP177 CP178 CP179 CP180 JM
P01 RMA ISSUE DRAFT 17/06
CFA PILES
KJ 2016
9000
900Ø CONTIGUOUS
CFA PILES
CP211 CP210
7
.7
14
5 CP209 CP208 CP207 CP206 CP205
9000
4 .7
.7 14
14
THE PRECISE LOCATION AND
10 DIMENSIONS OF THE PILING AND Masterplan
0
14
.8
CP181 CP182
SUBSTRUCTURE WORKS ARE
SUBJECT TO ON-GOING DESIGN
8 CP189 CP190 CP191 CP192
DEVELOPMENT. THIS MAY ALTER THE S1
S2
S4 S5
S6
S7 S8
9
.7
14
12
9
.0
15
S4 REDLINE PLANNING BOUNDARY Consultant
3 Drawing Title
13 .9 .9
6
14 14
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
PILING LAYOUT
Purpose of Issue
PLANNING
Checked by
Drawing Date Scale @ A1
14
JUNE 2016 1 : 200 KJ
Drawing Number Revision
TIQ-S-RAM-S4-LFD-DR-06-097. P02
A1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R COPYRIGHT RAMBOLL UK LIMITED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS
DOCUMENT IS ISSUED FOR THE PARTY WHO COMMISSIONED IT AND FOR
THE SPECIFIC PURPOSES CONNECTED WITH THE PROJECT ONLY. IT
SHOULD NOT BE RELIED UPON BY ANY OTHER PARTY OR USED FOR ANY
OTHER PURPOSE. RAMBOLL ACCEPTS NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY
WHICH MAY ARISE FROM RELIANCE OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE
DATA CONTAINED HEREIN BY ANY OTHER PARTY OR FOR ANY OTHER
1 PURPOSE.
Notes
1. DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING
TC10
1
3 INDICATIVE LOCATION OF
TOWER CRANE BASE PC16 PILE ARISINGS RISK OF KEY TO HEALTH AND SAFETY SYMBOLS
JAPANESE KNOTWEED
7500
2
TOF +9.800 m FOR INFORMATION
4 PC08A
TOF +9.800 m
9000
PC70
FOR SITE CONSTRAINTS AND WARNING OF A RESIDUAL RISK
SOURCES OF INFORMATION REFER TO
PC08A PC08A DWG No. TIQ-S-RAM-S4-XXX-DR-06-090
3
5 FOR PROPOSED DRAINAGE LAYOUT
REFER TO DWG No. TIQ-C-RAM-S4-
TOF +8.400 m TOF +8.800 m
TOF +9.800 m XXX-DR-06-400
9000
8 PC01
6
P02 RMA ISSUE JM 24/06
KJ 2016
TC9 P01 RMA ISSUE DRAFT JM 17/06
TOF +8.400 m TOF +9.800 m
TOF +8.400 m KJ 2016
REV DESCRIPTION BY DATE
9000
7
PC02 PC03A PC02
INDICATIVE LOCATION OF TOF +13.850 m TOF +13.850 m
TOWER CRANE BASE
9000
12
Consultant
Notes
1. DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING
WESTFIELD AVENUE
V
S
01 60
2. 2. 09 49 80 29 39 45 51 67
83 1 1 3. 3. 3. 10 4. 4. 4. 4. 4.
0. 1 1 1 4. 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
41
0.
1
14.42
12.17
13.99
14.18
14.34
11.66 12.68 12.93 13.05 14.56 14.63 14.69 14.72 14.79 14.80
14.54
13.49
14.19
PRE BASEMENT
12.02
13.98
14.49
42 14.41 14.45
11.
8
WORKS UTILITIES
11.2
10.98
12.02 12.37 12.63 12.95 13.23 13.56 13.85 14.04 14.18 14.34 14.37 POST BASEMENT
4
11.5 WORKS UTILITIES
11.12 S4 REDLINE PLANNING
4 BOUNDARY
EXISTING STITCH
BOUNDARY (PHASE 1)
PROPOSED STITCH
BOUNDARY (PHASE 2)
08 09
5. 5.
1 1
01
5.
1
15
5.
1
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS:
93 25
4. 5. 30
1 1
1
5. S4 ADVANCED UTILITIES EXTENSION PROPOSED
COMBINED UTILITIES GENERAL ARRANGEMENT:
6 TIQ-C-BH-SW-XXX-DR-90-407 REV T01 BY BURO HAPPOLD
21
TIQ ZONE TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY DRAWING:
5.
98
1
0313-TIQ-1657 REV B DATED 22-04-13 BY AVION MAA
4.
1
21
GROUND LEVEL PLAN:
5.
1 TIQ-A-RSH-S4-L00-DR-20-100 BY RSHP
S2 S4 1
5.
17 1
5.
22
7 27 HAUL ROAD:
5.
1
TIQ-S4-HAUL_ROAD-INFO-250416 BY LENDLEASE
RECEIVED 16.05.16
06
5.
1
13
11 5.
5. 1
1
06
5.
1
99
4.
1
8
NCRETE RETAINING WALL
P02 RMA ISSUE JM 24/06
04 KJ 2016
5.
1
P01 RMA ISSUE DRAFT JM 17/06
89 98
4. KJ
4.
84
1
4. 1 2016
91 1
1
4. REV DESCRIPTION BY DATE
90
82 4.
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4.
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Brought to you by
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Masterplan
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S4 S5 S7 S8
4. 4.
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79 88
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4.
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5.
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5.
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Purpose of Issue
PLANNING
Checked by
Drawing Date Scale @ A1
14
JUNE 2016 1 : 250 KJ
Drawing Number Revision
TIQ-S-RAM-S4-XXX-DR-06-090. P02