COLLEGE OF NURSING

MADURAI MEDICAL COLLEGE

MADURAI.

Health education about

immunization
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Mrs. R.JEYASUNDARI M.Sc(N), M.A, M.Phil J. ABSAR HUSSAIN
HOD PADIATRIC DEPT. I YEAR M.SC NURSING
CON, MMC.
Mrs. N.MAHESWARI M.Sc(N)
Faculty in child health nursing.
NAME OF THE STUDENT : Mr. J. ABSAR HUSSAIN

PROGRAMME : M.Sc.(N) II year

SUBJECT : Child Health Nursing

TOPIC : HEALTH EDUCATION ABOUT IMMUNIZATION

DATE : 18 . 3 .13

GROUP : Mothers

PLACE : Pediatric Medicine ward, GRH, Madurai

METHOD OF TEACHING : Discussion cum demonstration

NAME OF THE EVALUATOR: Mrs. R.JEYASUNDARI M.Sc (N), M.A, M.Phil

HOD PAEDIATRIC DEPT.,

Mrs. N.MAHESWARI M.Sc(N)

Faculty in child health nursing ,CON ,MMC,

Madurai
 INTRODUCTION

Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live , or killed or

attenuated organisms in the individual system. It is one of the best buys in community health and one of the most cost

effective health interventions. Immunization against vaccine preventable diseases is essential to reduce the child mortality,

and handicapped conditions. It is mass means of protecting the largest number of people from various diseases. It gives

resistance to an infectious diseases by producing or augmenting the immunity. Artificially acquired immunity is developed

by the immunization.

Central objective:
 The learners will be able to gain adequate knowledge about immunity& immunization and able to develop desirable

attitudes and skills in applying this knowledge in the practice of nursing in various clinical and community settings.

Contributory objectives:

The learners will be able to;

1. define immunization & immunity.

2. explain the types of immunity& immunizing agent.
3. explain the National Immunization Schedule.
4. enumerate the vaccines and its administration.
5. brief out the maintenance of cold chain.
6. enlist the nurses responsibility of immunization..

S. Time Contributory Content Student Learner evaluation

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activity
1 1 mit define IMMUNITY Explain with Listening. define
Immunity & Immunity refers to the ability of the the help of immunization.
immunization. human body to resist disease agents roller board
 and their toxins through possession of
antibodies.
IMMUNIZATION.
Immunization is a process of
protecting an individual from a
disease through introduction of live or Answering.
killed or attenuated organisms in the
individual system

TYPES OF IMMUNITY &

2 2mit explain the IMMUNIZATION AGENT. Explain with Listening What is innate
types of Types of immunity. the help of immunity?
immunity& Innate immunity. chart
Immunizing Physical barriers - skin and mucous
Agent.
membranes

Physiological factors - pH,

Answering.
temperature and oxygen tension limit

microbial growth

Protein secretions – lysozyme,

complement, interferons etc

Phagocytic cells – macrophages and

polymorphonuclear leucocytes

Acquire immunity.

Associated with presence of

antibodies from another immune

animal or form exposure to the

disease.

it divided in to;

Active immunity.

Natural-subclinical

Artificial-induced by vaccination.

Passive immunity.

Natural-through placental

Artificial-through antiserum injection.

Immunization can be active or

passive.

 Active immunization.

Live Attenuated Vaccines

Bacterial-BCG, Typhoid, Plague.

Viral-polio,mumps,
Killed vaccines.
Bacterial-pertusis, cholera,
Viral- Rabies, Influenza, etc.
Toxoid.
Tetanus toxoid, DT.

 Passive immunition.
Human sera.
Animal sera.
 Combied both active and
passive immunization.
 Individual immunization.
S. Time Contributory Content Studen Learner Evaluation
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3 2 Explain the NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE: Help listenin
min National AGE IMMUNIZATION with g
FOR INFANTS:
immunization ohp
At birth BCG and OPV- o dose
schedule
At 6 weeks DPT-1, OPV – 1 and Hepatitis B-1
At 10 weeks DPT-2, OPV – 2 and Hepatitis B-2
At 14 weeks DPT-3, OPV – 3 and Hepatitis B-3
At 9 months Measles
At 16-24 months DPT ,OPV and Measles
At 5-6 years DPT
At 10 and at 16 years TT

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4 2mit Enumerate the BCG Help with ppt listening Enumerate the
administration BCG vaccine contains live, vaccinataion
of vaccines and viable, attenuated mycobacteria.
dosage Dose
Infants (12 months of age
and younger): 0.05 mL (0.05
mg)
Children (greater than 12
months of age) and adults:
0.1 mL (0.1 mg)
Route of administration
Reconstituted BCG vaccine
should be administered by
intradermal injection into the most
superficial layers of the skin. The
area over the deltoid muscle is the
preferred administration site.
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Storage Requirements

Store BCG vaccine in a

refrigerator at +2º C to +8º C. Do not
freeze. Store the reconstituted product
in a refrigerator at +2º C to +8º C and
use within 8 hours. Protect from light.
Common and local adverse events
Intradermal administration of BCG
vaccine usually results in the
development of erythema and either a
papule or ulceration (in about 50%),
followed by a scar at the
immunization site. Keloid formation
occurs in 2% to 4% of vaccine
recipients. Non-suppurative regional
lymphadenopathy occurs in 1% to
10%. Most reactions are generally
mild and do not require treatment
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POLIO VACCINATION :
Oral polio vaccine, sabin
vaccine is a live but attenuated virus.
Storage is best done at 2-10o c. it is
cheaper, easy to administer, helps to
prevent establishment and spread of
wild pathogenic polio virus in the
community. Hence it is described as
community medicine.
Administration :
OPV is administered as 2 drops
directly into the mouth. This should be
followed with the feeding of some
water to ensure absolute ingestion of
the vaccine.
Breast feeding need not be
skipped before and after OPV
administration.
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Pulse polio means simultaneous mass
immunization of all infants and
children under 5 years at a particular
date i.e. National Immunization Day
during winter (usually Dec-Jan)
regardless of their immunization
status. It is over and above the routine
doses of OPV.
Contraindications :
It should be avoided in children
suffering from severe diarrhea and an
acute illness.
Leukemia and other
malignancies
HIV
Adverse reactions:
Mild diarrhea in case
of over dose
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DPT VACCINATION :
DPT (triple) vaccine offers
combined prophylaxis against
diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus. The
vaccine is stored best at a temperature
of 2-10oc.
Administration:
A dose of 0.25 – 0.5 ml of the
triple vaccine is given deep
intramuscularly over the lateral thigh
or the deltoid.
Contraindications:
Severe reaction to previous DPT
injection
Progressive neurologic disease.
 Adverse reactions:
Fever and febrile convulsion
Local painful swelling

5 10 enumerate Maintance of cold chain. Explaining listening

mts maintance of The ‘cold chain’ is the with flannel
cold chain system of transporting and graph
storing vaccines within the
safe temperature range of
2˚C to 8˚C
IMPORTANCE OF COLD CHAIN
 Biological products
 lose potency with time
 Process irreversible and
accelerated if proper storage
conditions are not adhered to.
THE EQIPMENT
Walk in cold room
Deep freezerand ice line
refrigerator
Small freezer
Cold boxes
Vaccine carrier
Day carrier
 Ice packs

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 activity
6 2mit Enlist the 1. Motivation of general people Help with Reading and List out any
nurses about the importance of Handout listening two nurses
responsibility immunization and its benefits. responsibility
for child 2. Estimation of beneficiaries of
immunization the area and identification of
non-participants and dropouts of
immunization.
3. Organization of immunization
clinics at different health
institutions, immunization
camps, out-reach and home
based services.
4. Arrangement and maintenance
of required amount of vaccines
and other necessary equipments
and materials for the particular
immunization center or clinic.
Conclusion:

The ideal vaccines should induce permanent immunity, be free of toxic substances, have minimal side effects, not

produce disease to the recipient and be easy administer. From this health education the client, parents , public know the

importance of immunization.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Books :

1. Achar’s (1989). Text book of Pediatics,2nd edition orient longman publications anna salai ,madras,
2. Ghai O.P., Piysh Gupta, Paul. K.K. (2004) Ghai Essential pediatrics 6th edition New Delhi : CBS Publisher
3. Marilyn J.Hockenberry (2006). Wong’s Essentials of pediatric nursing 7th edition New Delhi : Reed Elsevier India.
4. Suraj Gupte (2009). The short text book of Pediatrics (11th Ed., New Delhi : Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
5. Marlow(2008). Textbook of pediatric nursing 6th edition Elsevier publishers Philadelphia.
6. Parul data’s pediatric nursing 1st edition saunders publishers.
7. A.Parthasarathy’s IAP Textbook of Pediatrics 4th edition Jaypee publishers.
8. Adele Pillitteri Child Health Nursing Care of the child and family Lippincott publishers.
9. Broadribb’s Introductory Pediatric Nursing 7th edition Lippincott publishers.

Net references:

www.wikipedia.com

S. TI CO CONTEN TEA LE EV
N M NTR T CH AR AL
O E IBU ER NE UA
TOR AC R TI
Y TIV AC ON
OBJ ITY TIV
ECT ITY
IVE
1 defi
IMMUN
ne ITY
Immunit
im y refers
to the
mu
ability of
nity the
human
& body to
resist
im disease
agents
mu
and their
niz toxins
through
atio possessi
on of
n antibodi
es.

IMMUN
IZATIO
N
Immuniz
ation is a
process
of
protectin
g an
individu
al from a
disease
through
introduct
ion of
live or
killed or
attenuate
d
organis
ms in
the
individu
al
system
TYPES
OF
IMMUN
ITY
Innate
immunit
y.
Physical

barriers -

skin and

mucous

membra

nes

Physiolo

gical

factors -

pH,

temperat

ure and
oxygen

tension

limit

microbia

l growth

Protein

secretion

s –

lysozym

e,

comple

ment,

interfero

ns etc
Phagocy

tic cells

macroph

ages and

polymor

phonucl

ear

leucocyt

es

Acquire

immunit

y.

Associat
ed with

presence

of

antibodi

es from

another

immune

animal

or form

exposure

to the

disease.

Again it

divided
in to;

Active

immunit

y.

Natural-

subclinic

al

Artificia

l-

induced

by

vaccinati

on.
 P

assive

immunit

y.

Natural-

through

placental

Artificia

l-

through

antiseru

injection

.
Visit No.