SULIT 4541/2

Bahagian A/ Section A
[60 Markah] [60 marks]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini./ Answer all questions in this section.

1 Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan alat radas bagi satu eksperimen. Radas dibiarkan selama satu hari.
Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment. The apparatus is left aside for one day.

Rajah 1/ Diagram 1
(a) (i) Apakah jenis zarah dalam kuprum(II) sulfat?
What is the type of particle in copper(II) sulphate?

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(ii) Nyatakan pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini./ State the observation for the experiment.

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(iii) Berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim, terangkan pemerhatian di (a)(ii).

Based on kinetic theory of matter, explain the observation in (a)(ii).

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [3M]

(b) Rajah 2 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi tiga isotop karbon iaitu karbon-12, karbon-13 dan
karbon-14
Diagram 2 shows standard representation for three isotopes of carbon which are carbon-12,
carbon-13 and carbon-14.

12 13 14

6 C 6 C
Rajah 2/ Diagram 2
6 C
(i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?/ What is the meaning of isotope?

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

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(ii) Tentukan bilangan neutron dalam karbon-13.

Determine the number of neutrons in carbon-13.

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(iii) Nyatakan satu kegunaan karbon-14 dalam kehidupan harian.

State one use of carbon-14 in daily life.

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(iv) Lukis struktur atom karbon-12 dan label zarah subatomnya.

Draw the atomic structure of carbon-12 and label the subatomic particles.

[2M]

2 (a) Satu mol bahan ditakrifkan sebagai kuantiti bahan yang mengandungi bilangan zarah yang sama
seperti yang terdapat dalam n g unsur A. Apakah n dan A?
One mole of a substance is defined as the quantity of a substance that contains the same number
of particles as in n g of element A. What are n and A?

n = ...................................................... A = ........................................................ [2M]

(b) Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua biji belon yang masing-masing mengandungi gas oksigen dan gas
karbon dioksida
Rajah 3 shows two balloons containing oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas respectively.

Rajah 3 / Diagram 3

Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi:/ Based on the given information:

(i) Hitung jisim gas oksigen dalam belon A./ Calculate the mass of oxygen gas in balloon A.
[Jisim atom relatif: O=16] [Relative atomic mass: O=16]

[1M]

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(ii) Hitung isi padu gas karbon dioksida dalam belon B.

Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas in balloon B.
[Isi padu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik]
[Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure]

[1M]

(iii) Bandingkan bilangan molekul gas dalam belon A dengan dalam belon B. Terangkan
jawapan anda.
Compare the number of gas molecules in balloon A and in balloon B. Explain your
answer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [2M]

(c) Persamaan di bawah adalah bukan persamaan kimia yang seimbang.

The equation below is not a balance chemical equation:

........ Fe (p) + ........O2 (g)  ........Fe2O3 (p)

Fe (s) O2 (g) Fe2O3 (s)

(i) Seimbangkan persamaan kimia di atas./ Balance the chemical equation above. [1M]

(ii) Tafsirkan persamaan itu secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.

Interpret the chemical equation qualitatively and quantitatively.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [3M]

3 (a) Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi tiga unsur, X, Y dan Z. Huruf yang digunakan tidak
mewakili simbol sebenar unsur-unsur tersebut
Table 1 shows the proton number of three elements, X, Y and Z. The letters used do not
represent the actual symbols of the elements.

Unsur/ Element Nombor proton/ Proton number

X 6
Y 12
Z 17
Jadual 1/ Table 1
(i) Tulis susunan elektron bagi:/ Write the electron arrangement of:
Atom Y Ion bagi atom Z
Atom Y : …………………… The ion of atom Z : …………………………… [2M]

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(ii) Tulis formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur Y dan Z.
Write the formula of the compound formed between elements Y and Z.

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(iii) Unsur X bertindak balas dengan unsur Z untuk membentuk satu sebatian kovalen dengan
formula XZ4. Nyatakan dua sifat fizikal bagi sebatian kovalen ini.
Element X react with element Z to form a covalent compound with a formula XZ4. State two
physical properties of this covalent compound.

i. ……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………........

ii. …………….....…..……………………………………………..………………….. [2M]

(iv) Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian XZ4

Draw the electron arrangement of the compound XZ4.

[2M]
(b) Jadual 2 menunjukkan beberapa sifat fizikal bagi dua sebatian, U dan V
Table 2 shows some physical properties of two compounds, U and V.

Keterlarutan
Takat lebur (°C)
Sebatian Takat didih (°C) dalam air Keterlarutan dalam pelarut
Melting point
Compound Boling point Solubility in Solubility in organic solvent
water
Larut Tak larut
U 800 1 420
Soluble Insoluble
Tak larut Larut
V - 95 86
Insoluble Soluble
Jadual 2/ Table 2

(i) Nyatakan keadaan fizikal bagi sebatian berikut pada suhu bilik.
State the physical state of the following compounds at room temperature.

U: ….………………………………………………………………………………….

V: …………………………………………………………………………………….. [2M]

(ii) Nyatakan jenis sebatian bagi U./ State the type of compound for U.

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

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4 Asid hidroklorik adalah asid kuat. Jadual 3 menunjukkan dua larutan asid hidroklorik, P dan Q pada
kepekatan yang berbeza.
Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. Table 3 shows two solutions of hydrochloric acid, P and Q, of
different concentrations.

Larutan asid hidroklorik Kepekatan (mol dm-3)

Hydrochloric acid solution Concentration (mol dm -3)
P 0.100
Q 0.001
Jadual 3/ Table 3

(a) Nyatakan maksud asid./ State the meaning of an acid.

………...............…….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(b) Mengapakah asid hidroklorik ialah asid kuat?

Why hydrochloric acid is a strong acid?

………...............…….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(c) Larutan P dan Q mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.

Solutions P and Q have different pH values.

(i) Larutan yang manakah memberi nilai pH yang lebih rendah?

Which solution gives a lower pH value?

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(ii) Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di 4(c)(i).

Give one reason for the answer in 4(c)(i).

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(d) 25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3 dimasukkan ke dalam kelalang kon. Kemudian
beberapa titis fenolftalein ditambah. Larutan ini dititratkan dengan larutan P.
25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is put in a conical flask. Then a few drops of
phenolphthalein are added. This solution is titrated with solution P.

(i) Nyatakan jenis tindak balas antara larutan natrium hidroksida dengan larutan P.
State the type of reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and solution P.

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(ii) Apakah perubahan warna campuran itu pada takat akhir?

What is the colour change of the mixture at the end point?

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(iii) Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [2M]

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(iv) Hitung isi padu asid hidroklorik yang digunakan.

Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid used.

[2M]

5 Dalam satu eksperimen, 50.0 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida di campurkan dengan 1.0 g serbuk
mangan(IV) oksida. Jumlah isi padu gas oksigen yang dibebaskan diukur setiap 30 saat. Jadual 4
menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
In an experiment, 50.0 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide solution is mixed with 1.0 g of manganese(IV) oxide
powder. The total volume of oxygen gas liberated is measured at 30 seconds intervals. Table 4 shows
the result of the experiment.

Masa (s)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Time (s)
Isi padu oksigen (cm3)
Volume of oxygen (cm3) 00.00 12.50 17.50 23.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 30.00

Jadual 4/ Table 4
(a) Apakah fungsi mangan(IV) oksida?
What is the function of manganese(IV) oxide?

………...............…….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(b) Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi penguraian hidrogen peroksida.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

………...............…….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(c) Plotkan graf isi padu gas oksigen melawan masa.

Plot a graph of the volume of oxygen gas against time.
[3M]
(d) Berapa lamakah masa yang diambil untuk penguraian lengkap hidrogen peroksida?
How long does it take for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to be completed?

………...............…….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

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Kertas graf

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(e) Daripada graf yang diperolehi dalam (c), hitungkan;

From the graph obtained in (c), calculate:

(i) Kadar tindak balas pada saat ke 30.

the instantaneous rate of reaction at 30th second.

[1M]
(ii) kadar tindak balas purata untuk 90 minit pertama.
the average rate of reaction for the first 90 seconds.

[1M]
(f) Dengan menggunakan Teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana kehadiran mangan(IV) oksida
membantu tindak balas yang berlaku.
Using the collision theory, explain how the presence of manganese (IV) oxide helps the reaction
to occur.

………...............…….....…..……………………………………………..…………………...........

………...............…….....…..……………………………………………..…………………...........

………...............…….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [2M]

6 Rajah 4 menunjukkan carta aliran siri tindak balas yang dialami oleh butena.
Diagram 4 below shows the flow chart of a series of reactions undergo by butene.
Combustion
Butene Pembakaran Substance S + CO 2
Butena Bahan S

Hydration
Penghidratan

+
Substance P KM n O4 / H Substance Q
Bahan P Bahan Q
Process I
Proses I

Process II
Proses II

Substance R
Bahan R

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(a) Formula molekul butena adalah C4H8. Nyatakan maksud formula molekul?
The molecular formula of butene is C4H8. State the meaning of molecular formula.

………...............…….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(b) Butena dibakar lengkap dalam udara untuk menghasilkan bahan S dan gas karbon dioksida.
Butene is burnt completely in air to produce substance S and carbon dioxide gas.

(i) Lengkapakan persamaan kimia di bawah untuk tindak balas pembakaran.

Complete the chemical equation below for the combustion reaction.

C4H8 + …….O2  4CO2 + ……… [1M]

(ii) Berapakah mol bahan S akan terhasil jika 0.2 mol butena digunakan dalam tindak balas
tersebut?
How many moles of substance S will be produced if 0.2 mol of butane is used in the
reaction?

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(c) Butena mengalami tindak balas penghidratan untuk membentuk bahan P.

Butene undergo hydration reaction to form substance P.

(i) Lukiskan formula struktur bahan P.

Draw the structural formula of substance P.

[1M]

(ii) Bahan P boleh mengalami penghidratan untuk membentuk butena semula. Lukiskan
susunan radas berlabel untuk tindak balas pendehidratan ini.
Substance P can undergo dehydration to form butene again. Draw a labelled apparatus
set-up for this dehydration reaction.

[2M]

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(d) (i) Namakan bahan kimia lain yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan larutan kalium
manganat(VII) berasid dalam Proses I.
Name another chemical substance that can be used to replace acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution in Process I.

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(ii) Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bahan Q./ State one physical property of substance Q.

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(e) Berdasarkan Proses II,/ Based on Process II,

(i) Namakan bahan R./ Name substance R

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

(ii) Apakah yang akan diperhatikan apabila bahan R ditambah kepada air?
What would be observed when substance R is added to water?

……………….....…..……………………………………………..…………………. [1M]

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Bahagian B/ Section B
[20 markah] [20 marks]

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini./ Answer any one question from this section.

7 (a) Jadual 5 menunjukkan dua bahan yang berbeza bersama kegunaannya.

Table 5 shows two different substances and their uses.

Bahan Kegunaan
Substance Uses
Aloi P Membuat pingat dan tugu.
Alloy P To make medals and statues.
Kaca Q Untuk membuat alat radas kaca makmal dan alatan memasak.
Glass Q To make laboratory glassware and glass cookware.
Jadual 5/ Table 5

Berdasarkan Jadual 5,/ Based on Table 5,

(i) Namakan aloi P dan jenis kaca Q. Berikan sifat khusus bagi setiap bahan untuk
menyokong jawapan anda.
State the name of alloy P and type of glass Q. Give the specific properties of each
substance to support your answer.
[4M]

(ii) Lukiskan susunan atom dalam kuprum tulen dan aloi P. Bandingkan kekerasan antara
kuprum tulen dan aloi P. Terangkan jawapan anda dari segi saiz dan susunan atom.
Draw the arrangement of atoms in pure copper and alloy P. Compare the hardness of
pure copper and alloy P. Explain your answer in term of size and arrangement of atoms.
[6M]

(b) Asid sulfurik dihasilkan dalam industri melalui tiga peringkat.

Sulphuric acid is manufactured in industry through three stages.

Leburan sulfur dibakar dalam udara untuk menghasilkan sulfur dioksida.

Peringkat 1
Molten sulphur is burnt in dry air to produce sulphur dioxide.
Stage 1
S + O2  SO2
Sulfur dioksida dan gas oksigen berlebihan bertindak balas untuk menghasilkan sulfur
trioksida.
Peringkat 2
Sulphur dioxide and excess oxygen gas are reacted to produce sulphur trioxide.
Stage 2
2 SO2 + O2  2SO3
Sulfur trioksida pada mulanya bertindak balas dengan asid sulfurik pekat untuk
membentuk oleum. Kemudian oleum itu dicairkan dengan air untuk menghasilkan asid
Peringkat 3
sulfurik.
Stage 3
Sulphur trioxide is first reacted with concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum. The
oleum is then diluted with water to produce sulphuric acid.

Jadual 6/ Table 6

(i) Namakan proses ini./ Name the process. [1M]

(ii) Pada peringkat 2, penghasilkan sulfur trioksida boleh dipercepatkan. Nyatakan dua faktor
tersebut.
At Stage 2, sulfur trioxide producers can be accelerated. State two factors. [2M]

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(iii) 8 g sulfur dibakar dengan lengkap dalam Peringkat 1. Hitungkan isi padu sulfur dioksida
yang dihasilkan.
[Jisim atom relatif: S = 32; Isi padu molar = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada keadaan bilik]
8 g of sulphur is burnt completely in Stage 1. Calculate the volume of sulphur dioxide
produced.
[Relative atomic mass: S = 32; Molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition]
[2M]

(iv) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi pembentukan oleum dalam Peringkat 3.

Write the chemical equation for the formation of oleum in Stage 3.
[2M]

(v) Huraikan bagaimana gas sulfur dioksida boleh menyebabkan pencemaran alam sekitar
dan nyatakan dua kesan pencemaran yang disebabkan oleh gas sulfur dioksida.
Describe how sulphur dioxide gas can cause environmental pollution and state two
effects of pollution cause by sulphur dioxide gas.
[3M]

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8 Jadual 7 menunjukkan jisim atom relatif dan nombor proton bagi unsur P, Q, R dan S.
Table 7 shows the relative atomic mass and the proton number of elements P, Q, R and S.

Unsur Jisim atom relatif Nombor proton

Element Relative atomic mass Proton number
P 23 11
Q 27 13
R 31 15
S 35 17
Jadual 7/ Table 7

(a) Saintis terdahulu seperti Dmitri Mendeleev telah menyusun unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala
berdasarkan pertambahan jisim atom. Walau bagaimanapun kaedah ini telah ditolak kerana ia
tidak dapat menentukan kedudukan beberapa unsur dengan betul. Kemudian, pada tahun 1913
Henry Moseley telah membina Jadual Berkala Moden yang kita gunakan kini.
Earlier scientist such as, Dmitri Mendeleev has arranged elements in the Periodic Table based
on increasing in atomic mass. However, this method was rejected as it cannot determine the
position of certain elements correctly. Later in 1913, Henry Moseley has developed a modem
Periodic Table of Elements that we used nowadays.

(i) Nyatakan asas yang digunakan oleh Henry Moseley untuk membina Jadual Berkala
Unsur.
State the basic used by Henry Moseley to develop The Periodic Table of Elements.
[1M]

(ii) Susunkan unsur-unsur dalam Jadual 7 berdasarkan Jadual Berkala Unsur yang telah
dibina oleh Henry Moseley.
Arrange elements in Table 7 based on Periodic Table of Elements that Henry Moseley
has developed.
[1M]

(iii) Tentukan kedudukan unsur R dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Terangkan jawapan anda.
Determine the position of element R in the Periodic Table of Elements. Explain your
answer.
[5M]

(b) Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kereaktifan halogen terhadap wul besi
panas.
Diagram 5 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the reactivity of halogens toward hot iron
wool.

Rajah 5/ Diagram 5

(i) Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara Y2 dengan wul besi panas.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between Y2 with hot iron wool.
[2M]
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(ii) Jadual 8 menunjukkan pemerhatian apabila halogen Y2 dan halogen Z2 ditindak balaskan
dengan wul besi panas.
Table 8 shows the observation for the experiment when halogen Y2 and halogen Z2 are
reacted with hot iron wool.

Jenis halogen Pemerhatian

Type of halogen Observation
Wul besi panas menyala terang
Y2
Hot iron wool bums brightly
Wul besi panas membara malap
Z2
Hot iron wool glows dimly
Jadual 8/ Table 8

Bandingkan kereaktifan halogen Y2 dan Z2 dengan wul besi panas. Terangkan jawapan
anda.
Compare the reactivity of halogens Y2 and Z2 with hot iron wool. Explain your answer.
[5M]

(c) Jadual 9 menunjukkan keputusan apabila tiga oksida unsur Kala 3 ditambah kepada larutan
natrium hidroksida dan asid hidroklorik.
Table 9 shows the results when three oxides of elements in Period 3 are added to sodium
hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid.

Oksida Ditambah kepada natrium hidroksida Ditambah kepada asid hidroklorik

Oxide Added to sodium hydroxide Added to hydrochloric acid
Oksida bagi X Tindak balas berlaku Tindak balas berlaku
Oxide of X Reaction occurs Reaction occurs
Oksida bagi Y Tiada tindak balas Tindak balas berlaku
Oxide of Y No reaction Reaction occurs
Oksida bagi Z Tindak balas berlaku Tiada tindak balas
Oxide of Z Reaction occurs No reaction
Jadual 9 / Table 9
Berdasarkan Jadual 9, susun X, Y dan Z dalam tertib menaik saiz atom. Nyatakan oksida bagi
X, oksida bagi Y dan oksida bagi Z. Kemudian, tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara
oksida bagi Y dan asid hidroklorik.
Based on Table 9, arrange X, Y and Z in order of their increasing atomic size. State the oxide of
X, oxide of Y and oxide of Z. Then, write a chemical equation for the reaction between oxide of
Y and hydrochloric acid.
[6M]

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Bahagian C/ Section C
[20 markah] [20 marks]

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini./ Answer any one question from this section.

9 (a) Seorang petani mendapati sayuran yang ditanam tidak subur kerana tanahnya kurang subur dan
berasid. Sebagai seorang pelajar kimia, anda boleh membantu petani tersebut. Cadangkan
bagaimana petani tersebut boleh mengatasi masalah itu.
A farmer discovered that his vegetables were not growing well because the soil was poor and
acidic. As a chemistry student, you can help the farmer.
[2M]

(b) Jadual 10 menunjukkan pemerhatian ke atas ujian yang dijalankan ke atas garam X.
Table 10 shows the observations from some tests carried out on salt X.

Ujian/ Test Pemerhatian/ Observation

I: Pemanasan pepejal garam X
I: Heating of salt X solid
II: Larutan garam X dicampur dengan
ammonia akues berlebihan.
II: Salt X solution is mixed with excess
aqueous ammonia.
Suatu oksida logam terhasil terbentuk dan gas berwarna perang
terbebas
A metal oxide is formed and a brown gas is given off.
Mendakan putih yang tak larut dalam ammonia akues
berlebihan terbentuk
A white precipitate which is insoluble in excess aqueous
ammonia is formed
Jadual 10/ Table 10

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 10:/ Based on the information in table 10:

(i) Kenal pasti satu anion yang hadir dalam Ujian I dan huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk
menentusahkan anion itu.
Identify an anion test that is present in Test I and describe a chemical test to verify the
anion.
[4M]

(ii) Kenal pasti dua kation yang hadir dalan Ujian II dan huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk
menentusahkan kation itu.
Identify two cations that are present in Test II and describe a chemical test to verify the
cations.
[4M]

(c) Anda dikehendaki menyediakan garam magnesium klorida yang kering. Bahan kimia yang
dibekalkan ialah:
You are required to prepare dry magnesium chloride salt. The chemicals supplied are:

 Larutan magnesium sulfat

Magnesium sulphate solutions

 Asid hidroklorik cair,

Dilute hydrochloric acid

 Larutan kalium karbonat

Potassium carbonate solution

Huraikan satu eksperimen makmal bagaimana anda dapat menyediakan garam tersebut. Dalam
huraian anda sertakan persamaan yang terlibat.
Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include the chemical
equation involved.
[10M]
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10 (a) Sehelai kertas litmus biru dicelupkan ke dalam larutan kalium klorida, KCl pekat. Dua elektrod
karbon, X dan Y diletakkan di atas kertas litmus itu. Elektrod- elektrod itu kemudian
disambungkan kepada bateri seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.
A piece of blue litmus paper is soaked in concentrated potassium chloride, KCl solution. Two
carbon electrodes, X and Y are placed on the litmus papers. The electrodes are then connected
to a battery as shown in Diagram 6.

Rajah 6/ Diagram 6

Jadual 11 menunjukkan pemerhatian-pemerhatian bagi kertas litmus biru selepas 15 minit.

Table 11 shows the observations of the blue litmus paper after 15 minutes.

Elektrod Pemerhatian selepas 15 minit

Electrode Observation after 15 minutes
Kertas litmus biru di sekeliling elektrod X tidak bertukar warna.
X
Blue litmus paper around electrode X does not change colour.
Kertas litmus biru di sekeliling elektrod Y dilunturkan.
Y
Blue litmus paper around electrode Y is bleached.
Jadual 11/ Table 11

Berdasarkan Jadual 11, tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada kedua-dua
elektrod. Terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian bagi kertas litmus biru pada elektrod X dan elektrod
Y selepas 15 minit.
Based on Table 11, write the half-equations for the reactions occur at both electrodes. Explain
the differences in the observation of the blue litmus paper at electrode X and electrode Y after
15 minutes.
[6M]

(b) Rajah 7 menunjukkan pengekstrakan aluminium oksida dalam industri.

Diagram 7 shows the extraction of aluminium oxide in industry.

Rajah 7/ Diagram 7

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Berdasarkan Rajah 7,/ Based on Diagram 7,

(i) Nyatakan hasil yang terbentuk di anod dan katod semasa tindak balas.
State the product formed at anode and cathode during the reaction.
[2M]

(ii) Apakah sebatian X? Nyatakan fungsinya dalam tindak balas tersebut.

What is substance X? State its function in the reaction.
[2M]

(c) Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyaduran sudu besi dengan logam S.
Diagram 8 shows the apparatus set-up of electroplating an iron spoon with metal S.

Rajah 8/ Diagram 8

Ion bagi logam S terletak di bawah ion hidrogen dalam siri elektrokimia. Dengan menamakan
logam S, huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyadur sudu besi dengan logam S. Dalam
huraian anda, sertakan:
Ion of metal S is located below hydrogen ion in the electrochemical series. By naming metal S,
describe a laboratory experiment to electroplate an iron spoon with metal S. In your description
include:

 Prosedur
Procedure

 Persamaan setengah di anod dan katod

Half equation at anode and cathode

 Pemerhatian di anod dan katod

Observation at anode and cathode
[10M]

KERTAS PEPERIKSAAN TAMAT

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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