Energy changes

Task 1 – energy converters

Energy changes can be shown using the following notations:

 A rectangular box to represent energy stores and transfers

 A diamond-shaped box to represent a system (object or group of objects) that

transfers energy from one store to another.

Energy in the chemical energy store of

the bullet.

firing a gun

Dissipated energy,
Gun
transferred
to the surroundings
mainly by heating,
radiation and
mechanically as sound
waves.

Useful energy, transferred to the

kinetic energy store of the
bullet.

Using these notations, and stating whether the energy is a store or a transfer, draw similar
diagrams for the following:

a. A firework rocket taking off.

b. A firework rocket exploding in the sky.

c. A person skiing down a slope.

d. A gas-fired power station producing electricity (two system diamond-shaped boxes for
‘steam turbine’ and ‘generator’.).

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 Energy changes
Task 2 – energy clock

Throughout the day and night you are constantly using up energy. This energy is produced from
the process of respiration inside your body. Respiration is the oxidation of foodstuffs to release
energy. Intense physical activity requires most energy but even when sleeping you need energy
to maintain body temperature, heart rate, breathing etc. The table shows various activities and
the amount of energy needed by an average 15 year old for such activities.

Energy needed
Activity
(kJ) each hour
sleeping 250

sitting/resting 300

reading/watching TV 350

writing/using internet 400

studying/eating 450

washing/dressing 600

walking 1000

cycling/playing games 1500

Below is a possible ‘Energy Clock’ of a student.

Resting/sitting
2h
Walking
1h

Washing/dressing
1h

Sleeping
8h
Studying in lessons
4h

Eating -1h

Reading Football - 0.5 h

2h
Cycling 0.5 h
Writing
1h Watching TV Using internet 1h
2h

Make up a list of all your own daily activities and draw your ‘Energy Clock’. Use this energy clock
and the table for energy values for different activities to calculate how much energy you use up
in an average day.

Most teenagers will use between 9 000 kJ to 14 000 kJ of energy each day. How active is your
day?

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 Energy changes
Task 3 – providing energy

The average energy requirements of a healthy female teenager is 11 000 kJ each day.
Imogen is 16 years old, her food intake one day was as follows:

Breakfast Lunch

100 g of cereal apple (150 g)

150 cm3 of pineapple juice boiled rice (75 g)
eggs (100g)

Snack Supper

4 crispbreads (each 10 g) cup of soup

cheese (150 g) 3 crispbreads

a. Using the table below calculate her energy intake for that day. If this was typical of her
daily energy intake, what advice would you give her?

Food Energy value in kJ /100 g

cereal 1200

pineapple juice 190

crispbread 1300

cheese 1500

apple 200

boiled rice 500

eggs 650

cup of soup 600 (per cup)

b. Although overeating for adults can be harmful, growing active teenagers need lots of
energy. Much of Imogen’s diet, although healthy, is low in carbohydrate and fat, which
are the foodstuffs that act as chemical energy stores.

i. Identify two foods in Imogen’s diet that provide plenty of carbohydrate. Name two
other foods she could eat which are rich in carbohydrate.

ii. Identify one food in Imogen’s diet that provides plenty of fat. Name two other foods
she could eat which are rich in fat.

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 Energy changes
Task 4 – energy crossword

Below is a revision crossword for energy and work done. Answer the ten clues across to
find 11 down, which is a renewable energy source.

1 11

E
2

T
3

U
4

W
5

R
6

N
7

I
8

V
9

O
10

Across

1. This is transferred when work is done. (6)

2. The most versatile and useful form of energy transfer. (11)

3. Form of energy transfer caused because of vibration. (5)

4. Equal to the gravitational force on a mass of 100 g. (6)

5. Describes the energy store an object has because of its temperature. (7)

6. This store of energy has a formula of ½ mv2. (7)

7. The force of attraction that pulls objects towards Earth. (7)

8. If forces _ _ _ _ an object then work is done. (4)

9. This type of roof panel absorbs energy from the Sun. (5)

10. This unit is equal to a ‘newton metre’ or ‘watt second’.(5)

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 Energy changes
Answers

1.
a.

Energy in the chemical

energy store of the rocket
(combustible chemicals).

Rocket taking off

Dissipated energy,
given off mainly as
Rocket heat, light and sound.

Useful energy in kinetic energy

store as the rocket is moving
upwards.

b.

Energy in the chemical energy store and

gravitational potential energy store of
rocket.

Rocket exploding in sky

Dissipated energy,
transferred as heat.
Rocket

Useful energy transfer as light

and sound in the sky

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 Energy changes
c.

Gravitational potential energy

store of person at the top of
the slope on skis.

Skiing

Dissipated energy,
Skier transferred as heat
from friction on the
skis.

Useful energy is transferred to

the kinetic energy store to the
person skiing down the slope.

d.
Energy in the chemical
energy store of the power
station’s fuel.

Useful energy transfer to

heat to produce steam to
drive turbines

Dissipated energy
Steam transferred as heat and
turbine sound.

Kinetic energy store of spinning

coils in generator.

Dissipated energy of heat

Generator and sound.

Useful energy transfer to electricity.

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 Energy changes
3.
a. Imogen’s total daily chemical energy intake =
1200 + (190 x 3/2) + (7/10 x 1300) + (3/2 x 1500) + (3/2 x 200) + (3/4 x 500)
+ 650 + 600
= 6570 kJ each day
Imogen’s energy intake that day was too low.

b.
i. Carbohydrates are cereal and crispbread.
Other carbohydrate foods are potato, sugar, bread, pasta etc.
ii. Fat is present in cheese.
Other fatty foods are milk, butter, lard, suet etc.

4.

1 11

E N E R G Y
2

E L E C T R I C I T Y
3

S O U N D
4

N E W T O N
5

T H E R M A L
6

K I N E T I C
7

G R A V I T Y
8

M O V E
9

S O L A R
10

J O U L E

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