1.

WOMEN ENTREPRENUERSHIP
 Women considered for reproductive role only in India till 1970(Child bearing, housekeeping,
cooking, elder care)
 1980, Indian Government realized that economic development can occur With women
development
 Women entered SSI’s –Schemes Started. Before that 3P’s(Pickles, Powder & Pappad ) to 3E’s(
Engineering, Energy, Electronics)
 Women who innovative, imitate of adapt a business activities is Women entrepreneur.
 Kamal Singh “ a confident, innovative and creative woman capable of achieving self economic
independence individually and in collaboration, generating employment opportunities for others
than initiating, establishing and running the enterprise by keeping pace with her personal,
family and social life”

Govt of India: Women entrepreneur “as an enterprise owned and controlled by a woman having
minimum 51% of capital and giving minimum 51% employment to women”

Women Entrepreneurship:

In male dominated society women are not treated as equal

Low literacy rate (40% Vs 60% male)

Low work participation (28%)

Low urban population share(10% Vs 18% male)

Self employed women 5.2%: 10% women entrepreneurs

More women in food, beverage, tobacco products, need processing

High literacy  high entrepreneurship

Problems:

Finance (Collateral not on their name to take loan)

Wealth handled by male

Scarcity of raw materials, competition.travel problems, family ties. Education &training, society
restrictions, low risk bearing ability,

Development of Women Entrepreneurship:

Role of women in industrialization

1981- I National conference of women entrepreneurs,1981

VII financial year Plan Govt of India integration of Women in Development

Vocational training for women

Facility for market products

FICCI’s Ladies Orgn (FLO)

National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE)

Self Help Group for Women, Mahila Bank

LIMITATIONS:

 Perception about women –Low Risk, Lack of confidence, Lack of Assertiveness

 Family resistance
 Lack collateral security to get loan.

2. RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP:

Gap in income level V/R. output/Head more in Industry. Agriculture flow growth

Rural development through rural industrialization

Rural Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship emerging in rural areas is called rural

entrepreneurship

KVIC: Rural industry/ Village Industry means industry located in rural area, population which
does not exceed 20,000 where produces any goods or renders any services with or without use of
power and which/ fixed capital

Rural Industry: 3C investment in production and machinery

Mineral based, forest based, Agro, polymer chemical, Engineering and non conventional, textile,
service

Need for Rural Entrepreneurship:

1. Labour Intensive- Increase Employment

2. Income generation
3. Balanced growth of urban and rural areas and bring down disparity
4. Village Development –infrastructure development
5. Heritage of country protected – Crafts
6. Less Migration
7. Environment friendly by aforestation.
Promotion of rural entrepreneurship:

1948 Industrial policy resolution” utilization of resources and self sufficiency in essential
conserve goods, IFP structured development in Agriculture, Industry, Infrastructure and social
services.

1956 Industrial policy Resolution emphasized capital and equitable distribution of capital for
SSI.

II FP Rural Industries, Backward Area Development, District Industrial Centers (DIC), IV FP

redefined SSI, KVIC.

IX FYP give incentives credit limit with investment upto 3 Crs , Technology Development.

Problems:

 Use of obsolete Technology, Machinery, Equipments

 Inadequate Credit
 Lack of quality standards
 Inadequate infrastructure facilities
 Disinterest and distrust of rural people.
 Lack of knowledge about govt. schemes and incentives
 Village culture and social restrictions

How to develop and solve their problems:

Involve NGO’s

NAYE, WASME, XISS, SEWA, AWAKE, RUDSET

Primary Level NGO’s- ACTIONAID, OXFAM,

Intermediate NGO’s- SEWA-Training

Grass Level NGO’s- IIYW

NGO’s give stimulation, counseling, assistance

3. AGRIPRENEURSHIP:

Agriculture, Horticulture, Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers, Herbs.

Animal husbandry- Dairy, Poultry, Meat, Agri Feed, Vaccination medicines, Fishing, sericulture,
others- Mushroom, vermicompost, apiculture.
NEED: employment of rural population,

Low investment

Low literacy people can be employed

Prevent migration

Available of land

Export potential

India Produces- 40% of Mangos

36% of cornflower

30% of Tea

23% of banana

24% of cashew

36% of green peas

15% of Milk

10% of Onion

I milk producer

II Wheat, paddy, fruits

III Mango

Challenges:

 Lack of skilled manpower

 Infrastructure( cold chain, Wastage)
 Marketing Problems(MSP)
 Equipments
 Water
 High infrastructure cost
 Unresponsive Govt Policies
Suggestions

Awareness of Agripreneurship

Develop skilled manapower

Infrastructure

Promotion and protection policy

Agriculture policy

SEZ for Agri products

Power and water

Drip Irrigation

4. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP:

Social entrepreneur: individuals with innovative solution to society’s most pressing and
daunting social problems improving lives of common people-

Land gift movement by Vinoba bhave

Satyam mishra-Dristi training, counseling

Bunker Ray-Barefoot College

Social Entrepreneurship: innovating for social impact and cataloging for social transformation
by combining commercial enterprise with social impacts.

DIFFERNCE BETWEEN BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL

ENTERPRENUERSHIP

Profit Motive Social impact

Changing faces of business Change Agent Create solution for social
problems
New business and new Satisfaction Social transformation
product/market benefitting …..?... people

May create new industry Offer Offer solutions to social

problems and may change
initial society norms
Profit Value Creation Social impact

Social Entrepreneurs Characteristics:

Missionary

Ambitionary

Strategic

Resourceful

Result oriented

SEWA- SELF EMPLOYED WOMEN ASSOCIATION

Ela Bhatt

forms of social engagement

social
social
service
Direct entrepreneurship
provision
1
3
Nature of Activism

social activism
Indirect
2

Improvement
New social
of existing
Norms
norms

5. FAMILY BUSINESS IN INDIA:

Family business is oldest economic system, significant advantage in economy

Largest contribution to GDP, employment export Earnings

35% fortune 500 Crs are family business

75 large family enterprises control 1500 companies in India

47% of assets ,44% Piadup capital,99 % registered enterprises or family owned.

Walmart, Samusng Fait, TATA

15-20% survive till II generation

Only 5% go to 4th Generation

TVS- 3rd Generation

Reliance – 2nd Generation

6. FAMILY BUSINESS: A business that in include 2 or more members of the family with
financial control of the company. Business that is actively owned and managed by more
than one member of same family

Largely caste related

TYPE A: Family owned –owns

Family owned and managed ( Running)

Family owned and Ltd – Board of Director

ADVANTAGE: common values, strong commitment, loyalty, stability and reduce cost

DISADVANTAGE: Risk of ownership during loss( Dining room fight to Board room fight)

Control ambiguity, problem during diversity-Buy or sell shares

Other shareholders problems.

Challenges: Relationship trouble, Management

Sibling Rivalry(Modi, Walchnd Ambani,Ranbaxy.)

Making Family business effectively

Focus

Plough back

Caution

Delegate to professionals
View Broader Picture

Plan for succession

Prepare family rules

EDP:

NISIET, 1962, Hyderabad

An attempt to develop a person as an entrepreneur through structural training.

Main purpose of EDP is to widen the base of entrepreneurship by developing achievement

motivation and entrepreneurship skills among less privileged sections of society

Need for EDP:

“Kakinada Experiment” is the seed of EDP

nAch can be induced .in candidate

1970 GIIC started 3 month EDP training

1971 NEC , NEITCO, EMTC , Govt of India –started EDP training of prospective candidates

More than institutions run EDP

Objective of EDP: Develop and strengthen entrepreneurship quality.-Motivation and nAch

 Analyze environment set up relating to SSI

 Select product/service
 Formulate proposal, procedure for setting up small Enterprise
 Aware sources of help and support for starting SSI
 Acquire managerial skills, entrepreneur discipline, decision making, communication,
learn legal aspects and ethics

Development of EDP:

NISIET
GIIC
NEC
NEITCO
EMTC
SISI
SIDO
SIDCO
ITCOT
Centers for ED, Ahmadabad
IDBI
IFCI
ICICI
SBI bank sponsored ED institute, Ahmadabad

EDP Training and Extension Activities 1981

Govt of India started in 1983, National Institute for entrepreneurship of small business
Development (NIESUB)

EDP CURRICULUM:

1. Introduction to entrepreneurship
2. Motivation training
3. Management skills
4. Support systems and procedures
5. Project and feasibility study(Preparation of project Reports)
6. Plant visit

3 PHASES OF EDP

1. Pre-training: select potential entrepreneurs

Arrange infrastructure
Tie up guest faculties
Syllabus
Tools and techniques
Market EDP
Survey of opportunities in surrounding
Plant visits
2. Selecting EDP trainers: tests, Risk taking ability, application blank, Tests-TAT, Ring
toss ,Group exercise, interview
3. Training Phase: Bring desirable change in business trainees
Change to entrepreneur attitude
motivation, outlook
Interest
Entrepreneurship traits to improve,
Knowledge of technology, resources,
Management skill to decide on project/ product/ service and mobilize
resources
 4. Post –Training : Should result in starting new enterprise and follow up
5. Evaluation of EDP: No of Enterprises started, investments made
Fixed assets made
No of people employed, Revenue, jobs created, Quality of product/
service, improved entrepreneur behavior measured in term of planning, achievement,
expansion, management orientalization

Problems in EDP:

1. Involvement of trainers
2. Commitment to organization
3. Non conductive environment
4. Non supportive attitude of sponsoring agencies, Govt, Banks

MICRO and SMALL ENTERPRISES:

Ancillary Unit- sells 50% to one or more Industrial units

Types of SSI:

1. Manufacturing
2. Feeder
3. Servicing(Repairs)
4. Ancillary to large
5. Mining and quarry
6. Casting, welding and electroplating

MSME Development Act 2006:

a. Manufacturing sector: production and machinery-25 lacs

b. Service sector: small – 25 Lacs to 5 Cr
medium- 5 cr to 10 cr

Micro- Investment not above 10 Lacs in Equipments

Small- 10 Lacs to 2 cr

Medium – 2 cr to 5cr

FEATURES:

Micro Enterprise- one man show,

Less gestation period

Cater to local/Regional demand,

Local Raw materials used

Labour Intensive

Suitable for Rural entrepreneurship

Flexible

Micro-Macro Relationship - micro could compete, so standard supplement and complement &
service macro entrepreneurship

Take initiative & expand to Macro

Objective of Micro: To generate employment,

Brand and balanced development of industry,

Development of industry,

Development in backward Areas

Regional local village Growth

Equitable distance

National Income

Increase living standards

70 million employed in MSME sector

Problems of MSME:

1. Raw materials
2. Finance
3. Marketing- STC,NSIC(Govt.Orders)
4. Capacity until (43%)- Due to power demand.
5. Technology obsolescence
6. Lack of management skills
7. No organized marketing channels
8. Lack of quality to export
9. Infrastructure facilities
Govt. Promotion of MSME (2007)

 SSI is the most employment intensive segment

 SSI- 12.5 Mn. Units, 33 Mn. employed
 SSI- Rs.1.3 Lac invested per person, Rs.5.56L invested in large sector.
 39% gross manufactured products, 34% exports

Incentives: MSME Development Act, 2006.

Enterprise (Manufacturing & service)

Integrated Micro, Small, Medium policy package for credit to MSME

Credit limited capital subsidy scheme (CLCSS) for technology upgradation.

Package:

1. Legislation: MSME Bill 2006

Venture Capital funding for MSME Allowed
2. Credit Support: 20% growth every year on credit-Public sector Banks
SIDBI for micro enterprises
Credit Guarantee Fund trust for Micro & Small enterprises
3. FISCAL support- Excise Duty exemption
4. Support for cluster based Development-common facilities, Govt Centres, Exhibition
Halls,site Development.
5. Technology and Quality Upgradation Support.
Training cum production development centres for Agriculture & food products.
CIPET, NIFT, technology mission Brick making technology, ISO certification,
Technology, Mission
6. Marketing Support: Creating marketing & process of Products

Govt to buy from SSI

7. Support for Entrepreneur & Manager Development:

 20% EDP will be organized for SC/ST, Women with Rs 500/month during
Training
 Train potential entrepreneurs in IT, Agriculture, food, Catering, Pharma through
SISI
 Fund management institutes to run EDP.
 Fund University/College to run Entrepreneur clubs
 Study to improve competiveness of MSME.
8. Empowerment of women entrepreneurship: 50 % fee concession to women in EDP
Participate in exhibition for export Business.
9. PMRY-CLSS- Educated youth to set up Micro entrepreneurship, Self employment
Schemes
10. Strengthen database for MSME.