TEMA 4

PRACTICA – DISCRETIZACION DE VIGA POR TRAMOS Y

GRAFICA DE MOMENTOS Y CORTANTES

Esquema de la viga:

E = 200 GPa

I = 6.666*10^-3

A = 0.02 m^2

L=9m
P = - 50000N

ELEMENTO 1:

 Matriz de rigidez
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3 0 -3 3*Le 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
-3 0 3 -3*Le 0 0 0 0 3
K1= (E*I/Le^3)* 3*Le 0 -3*Le 3*Le^2 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1481481 0 -1481481 4444444 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
-1481481 0 1481481 -4444444 0 0 0 0 3
4444444 0 -4444444 13333333 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

 Fuerzas

1 -75000 1
Le/6 -37500 2
1 -75000 3
F1= (P*Le)/2 -Le/6 (P*Le)/2 37500 4
0 0 5
0 0 6
0 0 7
0 0 8
 TEMA 4

ELEMENTO 2:

 Matriz de rigidez:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 12 6*Le -12 6*Le 0 0 3
K2= (E*I/Le^3) * 0 0 6*Le 4*Le^2 -6*Le 2*Le^2 0 0 4
0 0 -12 -6*Le 12 -6*Le 0 0 5
0 0 6*Le 2*Le^2 -6*Le 4*Le^2 0 0 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 5925926 8888889 -5925926 8888889 0 0 3
0 0 8888889 17777778 -8888889 8888889 0 0 4
0 0 -5925926 -8888889 5925926 -8888889 0 0 5
0 0 8888889 8888889 -8888889 17777778 0 0 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

 Fuerzas:
1

0 0 1
0 0 2
1 -75000 3
F2= (P*Le)/2 Le/6 (P*Le)/2 -37500 4
1 -75000 5
-Le/6 37500 6
0 0 7
0 0 8

ELEMENTO 3

 Fuerza:
1
0
0 1
0
0 2
0 0 3
F3= (P*Le)/2 0 (P*Le)/2 0 4
1 -75000 5
Le/6 -37500 6
1 -75000 7
37500 8
-Le/6
 TEMA 4

 Matriz de rigidez:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
K3= E*I/Le^3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 3 3*Le -3 0 5
0 0 0 0 3*Le 3*Le^2 -3*Le 0 6
0 0 0 0 -3 -3*Le 3 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 1481481 4444444 -1481481 0 5
0 0 0 0 4444444 13333333 -4444444 0 6
0 0 0 0 -1481481 -4444444 1481481 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

MATRICES ENSAMBLADAS:

 Matriz de rigidez :

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1481481 0 -1481481 4444444 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
-1481481 0 7407407 4444444 -5925926 8888889 0 0 3
K= K1+K2+K3 4444444 0 4444444 31111111 -8888889 8888889 0 0 4
0 0 -5925926 -8888889 7407407 -4444444 -1481481 0 5
0 0 8888889 8888889 -4444444 31111111 -4444444 0 6
0 0 0 0 -1481481 -4444444 1481481 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

 Matriz de fuerza:
1

-75000 1
-37500 2
-150000 3
F= F1+F2+F3 0 4
-150000 5
0 6
-75000 7
37500 8
 TEMA 4

- Extracción de la matriz KM

3 4 5 6

K33 K34 K35 K36 3

KM= K43 K44 K45 K46 4
K53 K54 K55 K56 5
K63 K64 K65 K66 6

- Extracción de matriz de fuerza FM

-150000 3
* 0 4
-150000 5
0 6
4x1

- Inversa de la matriz de rigidez KM:

-
3 4 5 6

9E-07 0.00000015 7.875E-07 -1.875E-07 3

KM^-1= 0.00000015 0.000000075 1.875E-07 -3.75E-08 4
7.875E-07 1.875E-07 9E-07 -0.00000015 5
-1.875E-07 -3.75E-08 -0.00000015 7.5E-08 6

CALCULO DE LAS DEFORMACIONES

QM = KM^-1*FM

3 4 5 6

9E-07 0.00000015 7.875E-07 -1.875E-07 3 -150000 3 -0.253125 Q3

0.00000015 0.000000075 1.875E-07 -3.75E-08 4 * 0 4 = -0.050625 Q4
7.875E-07 1.875E-07 9E-07 -0.00000015 5 -150000 5 -0.253125 Q5
-1.875E-07 -3.75E-08 -0.00000015 7.5E-08 6 0 6 0.050625 Q6
4x4 4x1 4x1
 TEMA 4

En los apoyos articulados no existen momentos entonces de las ecuaciones se despejan los desplazamientos Q2 y Q8.

LOS DESPLAZAMIENTOS TOTALES SON LOS SIGUIENTES:

0 Q1
-0.10125 Q2
Q2=[1/(2*Le)]*[(-3*Q1)+(3*Q3)-(Le*Q4)] Q2= -0.10125 -0.253125 Q3
-0.050625 Q4
Q8=[1/(2*Le)]*[(-3*Q5)-(Le*Q6)+(3*Q7)] Q8= 0.10125 -0.253125 Q5
0.050625 Q6
0 Q7
0.10125 Q8

GRAFICA DE MOMENTOS
T
6* ɛ Q1
M1(ɛ)=[(E*I)/Le^2] (3* ɛ-1)*Le * Q2
-6*ɛ Q3
(3* ɛ+1)*Le Q4

T
6* ɛ Q3
M2(ɛ)=[(E*I)/Le^2] (3* ɛ-1)*Le * Q4
-6*ɛ Q5
(3* ɛ+1)*Le Q6

T
6* ɛ Q5
M3(ɛ)=[(E*I)/Le^2] (3* ɛ-1)*Le * Q6
-6*ɛ Q7
(3* ɛ+1)*Le Q8

Le M
0.0 0
0.6 118652.3438 MOMENTO REAL
1.7 308496.0938
600000
2.3 379687.5
2.8 435058.5938 500000
3.4 474609.375
400000
3.9 498339.8438
M [N*m]

4.5 506250 300000

5.1 498339.8438
200000
5.6 474609.375
6.2 435058.5938 100000
6.8 379687.5
0
7.3 308496.0938 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
7.9 221484.375 Le [m]
8.4 118652.3438
9.0 0
 TEMA 4

MOMENTOS CALCULADOS

M1 500000
ɛ M1 X 450000
-1 -1.64477E-10 0.00 400000

-0.8 45000 0.30 350000

-0.6 90000 0.60 300000

M1 [N*m]
-0.4 135000 0.90 250000
200000
-0.2 180000 1.20
150000
0 225000 1.50
100000
0.2 270000 1.80
50000
0.4 315000 2.10
0
0.6 360000 2.40
-1.5 -1 -0.5
-50000 0 0.5 1 1.5
0.8 405000 2.70 ɛ
1 450000 3.00

M2 510000

ɛ M2 X 460000
410000
-1 450000 3.0
360000
-0.8 450000 3.3
M2 [N*m]

310000
-0.6 450000 3.6
260000
-0.4 450000 3.9
210000
-0.2 450000 4.2 160000
0 450000 4.5 110000
0.2 450000 4.8 60000
0.4 450000 5.1 10000
0.6 450000 5.4 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
0.8 450000 5.7 ɛ
1 450000 6.0

M3 500000
ɛ M X 450000
-1 450000 6.0 400000
-0.8 405000 6.3 350000
-0.6 360000 6.6 300000
M3 [N*m]

-0.4 315000 6.9 250000

-0.2 270000 7.2 200000

0 225000 7.5 150000

0.2 180000 7.8 100000

50000
0.4 135000 8.1
0
0.6 90000 8.4
-1.5 -1 -0.5
-50000 0 0.5 1 1.5
0.8 45000 8.7
ɛ
1 -3.28955E-10 9.0
 TEMA 4

600000

500000

400000
M [N*m]
300000

200000

100000

0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
-100000
Le [m]

GRAFICA DE CORTANTES

2 Q1
V1=[(6*E*I)/Le^3] Le * Q2
-2 Q3
Le Q4

2 Q3
V2=[(6*E*I)/Le^3] Le * Q4
-2 Q5
Le Q6

2 Q5
V3=[(6*E*I)/Le^3] Le * Q6
-2 Q7
Le Q8

COTANTE REAL

Le V
0.0 225000
0.6 196875 CORTANTE REAL
1.7 140625
250000
2.3 112500
200000
2.8 84375
150000
3.4 56250
100000
3.9 28125
50000
4.5 0
0
V

5.1 -28125
-50000 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
5.6 -56250
6.2 -84375 -100000

6.8 -112500 -150000

7.3 -140625 -200000

7.9 -168750 -250000

Le [m]
8.4 -196875
9.0 -225000
 TEMA 4

GRAFICA CORTANTE CALCULADO

V1 160000
ɛ V X 140000
-1 150000 0.0 120000
-0.8 150000 0.3
100000

M1 [N*m]
-0.6 150000 0.6
80000
-0.4 150000 0.9
-0.2 150000 1.2 60000

0 150000 1.5 40000

0.2 150000 1.8 20000
0.4 150000 2.1
0
0.6 150000 2.4 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
0.8 150000 2.7 ɛ
1 150000 3.0

V2 1
ɛ V X 0.9
-1 0 3.0 0.8
-0.8 0 3.3 0.7
M2 [N*m]

-0.6 0 3.6 0.6

0.5
-0.4 0 3.9
0.4
-0.2 0 4.2
0.3
0 0 4.5
0.2
0.2 0 4.8
0.1
0.4 0 5.1
0
0.6 0 5.4 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
0.8 0 5.7 ɛ
1 0 6.0

V3 0
ɛ V X -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
-20000
-1 -150000 6.0
-40000
-0.8 -150000 6.3
-0.6 -150000 6.6 -60000
M3 [N*m]

-0.4 -150000 6.9

-80000
-0.2 -150000 7.2
0 -150000 7.5 -100000

0.2 -150000 7.8 -120000

0.4 -150000 8.1
-140000
0.6 -150000 8.4
0.8 -150000 8.7 -160000
ɛ
1 -150000 9.0
TEMA 4