Praxis Business School

GREEN COMPUTING

A report

Submitted to

Dr. Prithwis Mukherjee

In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course

Business Information Studies

On 07/11/2010

By

Shradha Suman Rout

ABSTRACT
Green computing is now under the attention of not only organizations which are concerned with
environment, but also businesses from other industries. In the recent years, companies which are in
the computer industries have realized that going green is the best that they can do. This will benefit
them both in terms of public relations and reduced costs. This paper will take a look at several green
initiatives currently under way in the computer industry. It has also given utmost attention to
minimization of electronic waste and use of non-toxic materials in the preparation of e-equipments.

INTRODUCTION
The Need:
Green Computing or Green IT (Information Technology) is the practice of using computer resources
efficiently. The goals of Green Computing are to reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize the
energy efficiency during the product’s lifetime and promote biodegradability or recyclability of defunct
products and factory waste. Such practices include the implementation of energy efficient central
processing units, servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption and proper
disposal of e-waste (electronic waste). Green Computing strives to achieve economic viability,
improved system performance and use, while abiding our ethical and social responsibilities.

Thus, Green Computing includes the cost of recycling and disposal. In recent years another focus
has got much importance and that is achievement of energy efficiency, minimization of power
consumption of e-equipments. Greening the computing equipment is a low risk ways to the business.
This is not only to help the environment but also to reduce costs. Making a proper decision to go
green in the offices or other workplaces not only improves the net profit of the business, but also
reduces the carbon footprint. It’s also one of the largest growing trends in business today.

The Risk:
The average personal computer (PC) wastes about the energy provided to it according to the Climate
Savers Computing Initiative which is an industry group dedicated to reducing Greenhouse gas
emissions. The organization needs to encourage employees to shut down their PCs or put them into
sleep mode when not working on them. Computers usually can contain 4 to 8 pounds of lead alone,
which is stated according to the green experts. There’s nothing to wonder that computers and other
electronics make up two fifths of all lead in the world due to enormous growing use of electronic
device in general and computers particularly all over the world, there is a need to look for an eco-
friendly computer.

“The waste heat also causes reliability problems, as the CPU’s crash much more, often at higher
temperatures.” To keep the servers at right temperature companies mainly rely at air-conditioning
equipments. The more powerful the machine the more cool air is needed to prevent it from
overheating. By 2005, the energy required to power and cool servers accounted for about 12.5% of
total U.S. electricity consumption, according to a report released in February by staff scientist
Jonathan Koomey of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and sponsored by chip manufacturer
AMD (AMD).
GREEN COMPUTING SAVES GREEN
As computers play a large role in our lives, the energy demands, costs and waste are increasing
rapidly. Consider the following from the Climate Savers Computing Initiative:

 In a typical desktop computer, nearly half of the power that comes out of the wall is wasted
and never reaches the processor, memory and other components.
 The added or extra heat from inefficient computers can increase the demand on air
conditioners making your computer even more expensive to run.
 Even though most of the desktop computers these days are capable of automatically
transitioning to a sleep or hibernate state when not in use about 90% of systems have this
function disabled.
 Around 25% of the electricity used to supply power to home electronics appliances like
computers, DVD players, stereos, televisions is consumed while the products are turned off.

The good news is, by taking up simple everyday green computing practices; you can improve
energy management, increase energy efficiency, reduce e-waste and save money in the
process!

ECO-FRIENDLY APPROACH
Electronic giants are about to roll out eco-friendly range of computers like desktops and laptops that
aim at reducing the e-waste in the environment. They are likely to be free of hazardous materials such
as Brominates flame retardants, PVCs and heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury, which
are commonly used in computer manufacturing.
Reliability about the use of green materials in computer manufacturing is perhaps the biggest
challenge facing the electronics industry. Lead-tin solder use of today is malleable making it an ideal
shock absorber. So far, more brittle replacement solders have yet to show the same reliability in real-
world applications.
Replacements like the front-runner a tin or copper or silver alloy also require higher melting
temperatures, which can affect life of the chip.
Here’s how designers plan to make future computer more eco-friendly across its entire life span, from
manufacture to recycling:
 Energy-intensive manufacturing of computer parts can be minimized by making
manufacturing process more energy efficient
 By replacing petroleum-filled plastic with bio plastics plant based polymers which require less
oil and energy to produce in comparison to traditional plastics with a challenge to keep these
bio plastic computers cool so that electronics won’t melt them.
 Landfills can be controlled by making best use of the device by upgrading and repairing in
time with a need to make such processes easier and cheaper
 Discarding will not only control the e-waste out of dumps but also save energy and materials
needed for a whole new computer
 Power sucking displays can be replaced with green light displays made of OLEDs or organic
light emitting diodes
 Use of toxic materials like lead can be replaced by copper and silver making recycling of
computers which is expensive and time consuming at present, more effective by recycling
computer parts separately with an option of reuse or resale
FOUR COSTLY MYTHS:

 You should never turn off the computer

The computer is designed to handle 40,000 on/off cycles. If you are an average user, that’s
significantly more cycles than you will initiate in the computer’s five to seven year life. When you turn
your computer off, you not only reduce energy use, you also lower heat stress and wear on the
system.
 Turning your computer off and then back on uses more energy than leaving it on

The rush of power used by a CPU to boot up is far less than the energy your computer uses when left
on for more than three minutes.

 Screen savers save energy

This is a common misconception. Screen savers were originally designed to help prolong the life of
monochrome monitors. Those monitors are now technologically obsolete. Screen savers save energy
only if they actually turn off the screen or in case of laptops, turn off the backlight.

 Network connections are lost when computers go into low power or sleep mode

Newer computers are designed to sleep on networks with loss of data or connection. CPUs with WOL
(wake on LAN) technology can be left in sleep mode overnight to wake up and receive data packets
sent to the unit.

DID YOU KNOW....

 An average desktop computer requires 85% watts just when it is idle, even when the monitor
is switched off. If that computer were in use or idling for only 40 hours a week instead of a full
168 hours, over $40 in energy costs would be saved annually.
 One computer left on 24 hours a day costs you between $115 and $160 in electricity costs
annually while dumping 1,500 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO2) each year. That means up to
500 trees are needed to offset the annual emissions of one computer left on all the time!
 If each household in a region the size of the metro Boston area turned off its computer for just
one additional hour per day, it would save $3.2 million in electricity costs and prevent 19,000
tons of CO2 from heating the atmosphere.
 Electricity production is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States,
ahead of transportation.

GREEN TECHNOLOGY
The field of Green Technology encompasses a broad range of subjects from new energy generation
techniques to the study of advanced materials to be used in our daily life. Green technology focuses
on reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes and innovative technologies caused by
Earth’s growing population. It has taken upon itself the goal to provide society’s needs in ways that do
not damage or deplete natural resources. Mainly this means creating fully recyclable products,
reducing pollution, proposing alternative technologies in various fields and creating a centre of
economic activity around technologies that benefit the environment.
Perhaps the most talked about aspect of green technology is the promise of alternative energy
sources- Sun, wind, water we have heard about them all. However, scientists are working on other
aspects of the problem as well, testing building materials and studying chemical processes to reduce
the hazardous substances.

Nanotechnology is also being used in an attempt to manipulate materials at the nanometre scale;
scientists are hoping it can transform manufacturing on a global level, from government purchasing to
a technological revolution.

The huge amount of computing manufactured worldwide has a direct on environment issues and
scientists are conducting numerous studies in order to reduce the negative impact of computing
technology on our natural resources. Companies are addressing e-waste by offering take-back
recycling programs and other solutions, with lower energy consumption and less wasted hardware. A
central point of research is testing and applying alternative non-hazardous materials in the products’
manufacturing process.

POSSILBLE SOLUTIONS OR PRECAUTIONS:

 Switch off the computer when not in use.
 Virtualization is one of the most of the most effective tools for most cost effective, greener-
energy efficient computing where server is divided into multiple virtual machines that run
different applications and in this way companies can increase their server utilization rates.
This approach is so energy-friendly.
 Adjust the power management through control panel and put the system into standby after a
set amount of time and switch off hard drive, cable modems, routers and Wi-Fi access points
when not in use.
 For more advanced users remove unnecessary fans and drives.
 Refill ink-jet cartridges and laser toner as its cheaper and does not add to landfill. Ink jet
printers use about 90% less energy than laser printers and the print quality with some of the
newer models is really good.
 Pick the parts carefully, for example instead of getting two 1GB, buy one 2GB chips.
 Buy other equipment that uses fewer toxic materials and more recycled components.
 Build the computer needs and don’t install unnecessary parts if not required.
 Buy the computer according to the needs and for simple tasks avoid buying the most powerful
PC.
 Laptops use 75% less power than desktop computers.
 Choose the latest Intel or VIA processors over AMD as they use less power. VIA is the best
for environment although not as powerful.
 Monitors consume about half of the energy of a computer and avoid a larger monitor. LCD
(Liquid Crystal Display) monitors i.e. the newer flat monitors use only about 15-20% as much
energy as CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors (box-shaped) and they cost last.

Green Computing is about making smart, responsible choices to help make your world a better place.
Every choice made towards green computing benefits the user and the planet. To comprehensively
and efficiently address the environmental impacts of computing, a holistic approach is adopted and
which makes the entire computing lifecycle greener by addressing environmental sustainability along
the following four complementary paths:
  Green Use:
Reducing the energy consumption of computers and other information systems as
well as using them in an environmentally sound manner.
 Green Disposal:
Refurbishing and reusing old computers and properly recycling unwanted computers
and other electronic equipment.
 Green Design:
Designing energy-efficient and environmentally sound components, computers,
servers, cooling component and data centres.
 Green Manufacturing:
Manufacturing electronic components, computers and other associated subsystems
with minimal impact on the environment.

HOW TO CREATE A GREEN MACHINE

Activating the power management features on your computer saves energy and money while helping
the environment. Your computer’s “Sleep” and “Hibernate” settings are two of the most effective ways
for your computer more environment friendly. You can activate these functions manually or through
your operating system’s pre-set power management settings.

SLEEP MODE: Sleep or standby mode conserves energy by cutting off power to your display, hard
drive and other peripherals. After a pre-set period of inactivity your computer switches to a very low
power state. When you move your mouse or press any computer key, you exit sleep mode and your
computer takes you back to its previous operating state. Sleep mode is an especially effective way to
conserve battery power in a laptop computer. However, if your computer loses power for any reason
while in sleep mode, you may lose unsaved data.

HIBERNATE MODE: Hibernate mode saves energy and protects your work by copying system data
to a reserved area on your hard drive and then completely turning off your computer. It also reduces
wear and tear on your components. When you turn back on your computer, your files and your
documents appear on your desktop just as you left them. Be sure to set your system automatically go
into hibernate mode any time your battery power reaches a critically low level.

EXISTING WORKS
 VIA Technologies, a Taiwanese company that manufactures motherboard chipsets, CPUs
and other computer hardware, introduced its initiative for green computing in 2001. With this
green vision, the company has been focusing on power efficiency throughout the design and
manufacturing process of its products. Its environment friendly products are manufactured
using a range of clean-computing strategies. One of the VIA technologies’ ideas is to reduce
the carbon foot-print of users – the amount of greenhouse produced measured in the units of
CO2. An increase in the concentration of the main greenhouse gases CO2, methane, nitrous
oxide and fluorocarbons – is believed to be responsible for Earth’s increasing temperature,
which could lead to severe floods and droughts and other environmental effects, affecting
both life and the world’s economy.
 Technology Business Research (TBR) announced Dell took the number one position in its
inaugural Corporate Sustainability Index (CSI) benchmark report for 2009. The report
measures the environmental initiatives of 40 companies in the computer hardware, software,
professional services and network and telecommunications sectors.
  IBM recently launched consulting service being offered by IBM is based on the Lean Six
Sigma principles of efficiently. This consulting service is aimed at examining use of energy
and water and subsequently providing the control measures to conserve energy. According to
the company sources, IBM in 1990 saved around 4.6 billion kWh of electricity and prevented
almost 3 million metric tonnes of CO2 emissions. So, essentially a reduction in wastage and
recycling of the used materials is what is required to ensure green IT.
 According to VMware Inc the report says that the global leader in virtualization solutions from
the desktop through the datacenter and to the cloud today announced the opening of a new
green IT datacenter in East Wenatchee, Washington. Throughout its design and build out,
VMware chose industry best practices to create an energy-efficient facility that utilizes cutting
edge technology and maximizes the use of VMware virtualization software. As a result,
VMware expects to achieve $5 million in savings per year from the facility.
 The Energy Star program manufactures energy-efficient devices that require little power. For
example, many devices switch to standby mode after a specified number of inactive minutes.
Personal computers, monitors and printers should comply with the Energy Star program,
which was developed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and United States
Environmental Agency (EPA). Therefore computers and devices that meet Energy Star
guidelines display an Energy Star label.
 The Green Computing Project was launched in January 2009 as a development and
networking effort intended to bring the Initiative in Innovative Computing (IIC) at Harvard
multidisciplinary approach to computational science and engineering to bear on the
challenges of environmental sustainability. Over the longer term, the project aimed to catalyze
faculty efforts around two main goals – solving computational problems in the fields of
environmental sustainability and climate change, while at the same time working to mitigate
the impact of computation itself on the environment.

RECYCLING
Recycling is the last of the Three R’s: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. It should be the last option in the
chain of sustainable practices undertaken by a consumer.

Modern Computers are Power Hungry Machines.

Myth: Newer Computers are better for the Environment

This statement can actually go both ways. While green computers do use less electricity than older
machines, the process of making a new computer and then disposing of the old one can actually be
much more harmful than using the old one. All computers contain computers made with heavy metals
such as lead and are manufactured in processes that require harsh and toxic chemical techniques.
When a new computer is manufactured it requires large amounts of energy and natural resources to
create it. When an old computer is discarded it may be at its best be recycled, at worst it winds up in a
landfill potentially polluting the environment.

Recycling old computers is a much better option, but even then, decently equipped late model
computers are often resold overseas to developing countries, passing on the energy and
disposal problems to someone else.
Reality: Upgrading a computer is the only ecologically sound choice.

While not all computers are able to be upgraded doing so when appropriate is by far the best way to
save money both in energy and in materials costs. Upgrading an old, energy intensive hard drive to a
new, solid state drive provides greatly increased capacity, reduced energy consumption and the
added benefit of generating less heat inside the case. If the computer is too slow as a whole, the
existing case can often be reused by upgrading the motherboard and CPU. By upgrading instead of
replacing, a computer can be granted many more years of useful service.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO RECYCLE COMPUTER EQUIPMENT?

Also known as e-waste, discarded computer equipment comprises monitors, printers, hard drives and
circuit boards. Such items should on no account be thrown out with your household rubbish because
they contain toxic substances and are effectively hazardous waste. E-waste often ends up in the
developing world and the UN’s Environment Programme is alarmed by the amount of electronic
goods which is improperly disposed of overseas. There is increasing concern about the pollution
caused by hazardous chemicals and heavy metals in Africa, Asia and South America.

What’s in my PC?

Material - Proportion
Plastic - 23%
Ferrous metals - 32%
Non-ferrous metals - 18%
Electronic boards - 12%
Glass - 15%

A single computer can contain up to 2kg of lead and the complex mixture of materials make PC’s very
difficult to recycle. New legislation came into force in 2007 to cover Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (WEEE). The regulations have significant implications those who treat or recover WEEE
and stipulate that users must store, collect, treat, recycle and dispose of WEEE separately from other
waste. You can dispose of computer waste by returning the product manufacturer, taking the item to a
professional waste disposal facility or donating the goods to a non-profit organisation. Increasingly
manufacturers of electronic goods incorporate e-waste management into their environmental policies
and operate consumer recycling schemes. Dell for example, covers the cost of home pick-up,
shipping to the recycling centre and recycling of any obsolete equipment. Another example Hewlett
Packard (HP) recycled over 72 million kilograms of electronics in 2005. These schemes help to:

 Reduce the volume of waste which ends up in landfill areas

 Cut down on the amount of raw materials needed for the manufacture of new products
 Make recycling convenient for the consumer
 Make environmentally
Recycle sound purchase decisions

Develop a
sustainable green Green
Company
computing plan Company

Consumer Review paper

energy consumptions

E-WASTE IN INDIA
As there is no separate collection of e-waste in India, there is no clear data on the quantity generated
and disposed of each year and the resulting extent of environmental risk. The preferred practice to get
rid of obsolete electronic items in India is to get them in exchange from retailers when purchasing a
new item. The business sector is estimated to account for 78% of all installed computers in India
(Toxics Link, 2003). According to a report of Confederation of Indian Industries (CII), the total waste
generated by obsolete or broken down electronic and electrical equipment in India has been
estimated to be 1,46,000 tons per year (CII 2006).

IMPACT OF E-WASTES:
Electronic wastes can cause widespread environmental damage due to the use of toxic materials in
the manufacture of electronic goods. Hazardous materials such as lead, mercury and hexavalent
chromium in one form or the other are present in such wastes primarily consisting of cathode ray
tubes (CRTs), printed board assemblies, capacitors, mercury switches and relays, batteries, liquid
crystal displays (LCDs), cartridges from photocopying machines, selenium drums and electrolytes. All
electronic equipments contain printed circuit boards which are hazardous because of their content of
lead (in solder), brominated flame retardants and antimony oxide, which is also present as a flame
retardant. Landfilling of e-wastes can lead to the leaching of lead into the ground water. If the CRT is
crushed and burned, it emits toxic fumes into the air. Because plastics are highly inflammable, the
printed wiring board and housings of electronic products contain brominated flame retardants, a
number of which are clearly damaging to human health and the environment.
 BUSINESS PLAN
INDUS Green Computing

Introduction
The Indus Green Computing (hereinafter referred as IGC or the Company) is a company registered in
India, is proposing to venture in to the business of saving the energy through Green Computing. The
promoters are a group of young professionals and are optimistic to save the environment to the extent
possible by setting up the facility for guiding all the users of electronics components in general and
computers in particulars. In this connection, they have set up a Company, which will guide the entire
user group starting from lower income group (LIG), middle income group (MIG) to higher income
group (HIG), educational institutions, corporate and Govt. Departments to save the environment, time
and also their energy bills today and also for the time to come. These service facilities not only
facilitate the above user group to create an environment friendly working atmosphere but also help
them in reducing the variable expenditure. Initially it will operate out of India and later it wil l cater to all
the countries including underdeveloped to developed countries.
Problem that cropped up
Of late our planet is experiencing drastic change of climate be it Northern or Southern Atmosphere
but everywhere. There are irregular rainfall and unwarranted natural calamities like Katrina in USA to
Tsunami in South East Asia. There are drastic denudations of forests, receding of snowline,
increasing of sea level and the greatest impact is melting of glaciers. The water of the rivers in Indian
Peninsula, which are being used as direct drinking water by our immediate ancestors, is not fit for
bathing now. We are heading in wrong direction. To add to it, we may not be able to find out a house,
office, school, college or any campus without an electronics product and even every individual now is
carrying at least an electronic product. We are addicted to it and how far this is sustainable. It is not
easy to get rid of this but if it can be managed well there will be a lot of savings for everybody
including the Mother Earth.

E-waste contains significant quantities of toxic metals and chemicals. If these are left untreated and
disposed off in landfills or not recycled by using proper methods of recycling, they leach into the
surrounding soil, water and the atmosphere, and causes adverse effects on human health and
environment. Many elements of this waste contain poisonous substances such as lead, tin, mercury,
cadmium and barium, which cause severe diseases like cancer, birth defects, neurological and
respiratory disorders.

With the idea of the above the IGC is starting this venture.

Wa y Ahead
There is no one line answer to the above. It needs to be addressed very carefully and each aspect of
the damage to the environment needs to be addressed may be with a business sense. There are
enough production and there is also demand now and shall continue. It requires a good distribution
and management too. IGC, thus like to address only one area by setting up a Company through
Green Computing. We have traditional computers, LCD screen computers, laptops and other modern
method of computing. A dated computer, which are being used in Railway Reservation Counters,
Airline Booking Offices and similar Govt. Offices process the data much slower than modern
computers with intel “i core” processers. The energy consumption of those computers are very high
and those organisations are large scale users and can very well afford to have better IT /Computer
infrastructure.

A report was recently released by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) about the
rising problem of E-waste in countries like China and India, which is said to be very much alarming.
Electronic sales are said to grow immensely in the next 10 years, raising the question of what to do
about all the E-waste that will come from it. A study by the Government Of India has found that the
amount of electronic waste in the country is growing at an average of 10 % every year, and 95 per
cent of it will end up in urban slums – some 434,000 metric tons. The research by the Department of
Scientific and Industrial Research estimates that 25,000 people in India's slums are employed in an
unregulated e-waste recycling industry, with just five per cent of waste going through official channels.
Much of the waste is generated domestically by India's booming IT sector, but the recycling industry is
yet to catch up.

In South Africa and China for example, the report predicts that by 2020 e-waste from old computers
will have jumped by 200 to 400 percent from 2007 levels and by over 500% in India. By that same
year in China, e-waste from discarded mobile phones will be about 7 times higher than 2007 levels
and, in India, 18 times higher.
Is it sustainable in the long run?

Market Size
The growth rate of discarded electronic waste is very high in India since it has emerged as an IT giant
and due to modernization of lifestyle. We are using electronic products for last six decades and there
is no proper disposal system followed, which has lead to enormous amount of e-waste. There is a
need to find proper disposal and recycling technique so that environmental pollution and health
hazards can be reduced. Some facts as per Govt. of India Research are as under:

 The total e-waste generated in India amounts to 1.46 lakhs tons per year.
 Sixty-five cities in India generate more than 60% of the total e-waste generated in India.
 Ten states generate 70% of the total e-waste generated in India includes Maharashtra, Tamil
du, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya
Pradesh and Punjab.
 Among top ten cities generating e-waste, Mumbai ranks first followed by Delhi,
Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat and Nagpur.
 In India, increased demand for the key products like PC, TV, and Telephones in last 5-10 year
has been responsible for the increasing amount of e-waste generation.

Among the top 10 states, Maharashtra ranks first in the e-waste generation. The total e-waste
generation in Maharashtra alone is 20,270.6 tons per year. It shows that Greater Mumbai and Pune
generates maximum amount of e-waste. This is due to the presence of a large number of Info Tech
Parks & electronic products manufacturing companies situated in these areas, which plays the main
role in e-waste generation.
e-waste Generation in Maharashtra in 2007 (Tonnes per year)

Source: Environment Dept. Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai

Business Model
IGC is proposing in the initial stage to be an advisory /consulting company to be located in large
metropolis like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangaluru, Ahmedabad and Pune for
Green Computing to focus on the following:

 Identification of user group who can be potential customer for taking advisory services
 Shortlist some large Corporates, Govt. Organisations, large educational institutions who are
using computer or having computer laboratory, IT Companies, IT enabled services (ITES)
 Making presentation on the business focus of the Company and value chain if they take the
services
 The shortcomings and possible solution in using traditional method of computing
 Pitching for an in house consultant for green computing till stabilisation in the field

During second stage it can network to other metro cities, “B” and “C” grade cities, with a focus on
servicing other Corporate, Mid-Corporates. Emerging Corporates and also to cater the individuals
through their housing societies.

During third stage and for further expansion, the IGC will like to set up a state of the art E-Waste
recycling and Management Company. By this time the Promoters will have enough experience to
collect the E-Waste with a very good logistic support.

The details Business Model with Revenue Model will be after taking up a market study. This will be
possible studying the demand estimation of Large Corporate, Govt. Departments and other Mid
Corporates located out of Mumbai and Pune. This service is easily saleable and there will be enough
takers.
Competition
A business without completion is not a challenging one and also not enjoyable. This business concept
of Green Computing and its advisory services is in nascent stage in India though the waste
generation with particular reference to E-Waste generation is growing at a faster pace.

K.G.Nandini Enterprises (KGN), Bangalore is one of the notable operators in India. There are some
others un-organised players located out from other cities. Besides some Govt. of India organisations
plays important role in guiding in E-Waste management but not specific to Green Computing.

CONCLUSION
The current practices of e-waste management in India suffer from a number of drawbacks like the
unhealthy conditions of informal recycling, inadequate legislation, poor awareness and reluctance on
part of the corporate to address the critical issues. The paper highlights the associated issues and
strategies to address this emerging problem. Now it is the time for the end user community to follow
some rules of thumb to achieve partly the benefit of “Green Computing”. In India, the implement-ability
of principle of Green Computing is facing a dilemma due to many socio-economic matters and those
are linked to be soughed out to pull India in the mainstream movement on Green Computing.
REFERENCES
 Green Computing – New Horizon of Energy Efficiency and E-waste Minimization –
World Perspective vis-a-vis Indian Scenario
By Sanghita Roy and Manigrib Bag
 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing (vol. 2, no. 3)
September 2009
Green Computing: Practice of Efficient and Eco-friendly Computing Resources
By Parichay Chakraborty, Debnath Bhattacharya, Sattarova Nargiza Y, Sovan
Bedajna
 Go Green, Save Green
The Benefits of Eco-friendly Computing
APC by Schneider Electric
 Science Tech Entrepreneur November 2007
Green Computing
 Electronic Waste Management in India – Issues and Strategies
By Kurian Joseph
Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, India
 Links:
 http://www.webuyics.com/
 http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Frieder_Smith
 computerport.com
 adacosta.spaces.live.com