1.

Validity: a measure of validity that is arrived at by executing a comprehensive

analysis of how scores on the test relate to other test scores and measures, and how
scores on the test can be understood within some theoretical framework for
understanding the construct that the test was designed to measure

2. Validation: the process of gathering and evaluating evidence about validity

3. Criterion: the standard against which a test or a test score is evaluated

4. Test bias: a factor inherent in a test that systematically prevents accurate, impartial
measurement

5. Fairness: the extent to which a test is used in an impartial, just, and equitable way

6. Content validity: a measure of validity based on an evaluation of the subjects,

topics, or content covered by the items in the test.

7. Face validity: a judgment concerning how relevant the test items appear to be

8. Construct validity: a judgment or estimate of how well a test measures what it

purports to measure in a particular context

9. Classical Theory test: a quantitative approach to testing the reliability and validity
of a scale based on its items. It assumes that each test taker has a true score that
would be obtained if there were no errors in measurement

10. Item response theory: a collection of measurement models that attempt to explain
the connection between observed item responses on a scale and an underlying
construct. Item statistics are independent of the samples which have been
administered the test. Test items can be matched to ability levels.

11. Item analysis: statistical procedures that assist in making judgments about which
items are good as they are, which items need to be revised, and which items should
be discarded

12. Item facility: the proportion of candidates who answered the item correctly

13. Item discrimination: the extent to which the item discriminates between low and
high performers

14. Standard setting: the method used to define levels of achievement or proficiency
and the cuts-cores corresponding to those levels
15. Cut score: the score that serves to classify the test-takers into different levels