AWS D1.1/D1.

1M:2015

C-5. Fabrication

C-5.1 Scope

C-5.2 Base Metal

C-5.3 Welding Consumables and

Electrode Requirements
C-5.3.1.3 Shielding Gas.
COMMENTARY AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015

C-5.3.2 SMAW Electrodes.

C-5.3.2.1 Low-Hydrogen Electrode Storage Condi-

tions.
AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 COMMENTARY

C-5.3.3.1 Electrode-Flux Combinations.

C-5.3.3.2 Condition of Flux.

C-5.3.3.3 Flux Reclamation.

C-5.3.2.5 Low-Hydrogen Electrode Restrictions for
ASTM A514 or A517 Steels.
Specification
for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc
Welding

Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for

Shielded Metal Arc Welding

C-5.3.3.4 Crushed Slag.

COMMENTARY AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015

C-5.4 ESW and EGW Processes C-5.5 WPS Variables

C-5.7 Heat Input Control for

Quenched and Tempered Steels

C-5.4.1 Process Limitations.

C-5.8 Stress Relief Heat Treatment

AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015
PRECAUTIONARY NOTE: Consideration should be
given to possible distortion due to stress relief.
C-5.9 Backing
C-5.9.1.2 Full-Length Backing.
COMMENTARY
C-5.9.1.3 Backing Thickness.
Commercially available steel backing for pipe and tub-
ing is acceptable, provided there is no evidence of melt-
ing on exposed interior surfaces.
C-5.9.1.4 Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connec-
tions.
C-5.11 Welding Environment
C-5.11.2 Minimum Ambient Temperature.
C-5.12 Conformance with Design
COMMENTARY AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015

C-5.13 Minimum Fillet Weld Sizes

C-5.14.5.2 Repair.

C-5.14 Preparation of Base Metal

C-5.14.1 General.

C-5.14.6 Joint Preparation.

C-5.14.8.3 Roughness Requirements.

C-5.14.2 Mill-Induced Surface Defects.

C-5.14.3 Scale and Rust.

C-5.15 Reentrant Corners

C-5.14.4 Foreign Materials.
AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 COMMENTARY

C-5.20 Control of Distortion and

Shrinkage
C-5.20.2

C-5.16 Weld Access Holes, Beam

Copes, and Connection
Material C-5.21 Tolerance of Joint Dimensions
C-5.16.1 Weld Access Hole Dimensions. C-5.21.1 Fillet Weld Assembly.

C-5.21.2 PJP Groove Weld Assembly.

C-5.21.3 Butt Joint Alignment.

C-5.16.2 Galvanized Shapes and C-5.16.3 Heavy

Shapes.
C-5.21.4.2 Correction.

C-5.18 Camber in Built-Up Members

flame shrinking
COMMENTARY AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015

C-5.22 Dimensional Tolerances of

Welded Structural Members
C-5.22.2 Beam and Girder Straightness (No Camber
Specified) and C-5.22.3 Beam and Girder Camber
(Typical Girder).
C-5.22.6.2 Statically Loaded Nontubular Struc-
tures.
C-5.22.4 Beam and Girder Camber (without De-
signed Concrete Haunch).

NOTE: The AISC Specification for Design, Fabrication,

and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings states that
the tolerances for flatness of girder webs given in
5.22.6.2 need not apply for statically loaded girders.

C-5.22.6.4 Excessive Distortion.

C-5.22.8 Flange Warpage and Tilt.

C-5.22.6.1 Measurements.
AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 COMMENTARY

C-5.22.10 Bearing at Points of Loading.

C-5.22.12 Other Dimensional Tolerances. C-5.25.5 Welded Restoration of Base Metal with
Mislocated Holes.

C-5.23 Weld Profiles

C-5.26 Peening

C-5.27 Caulking

C-5.25 Repairs
C-5.25.1 Contractor Options.

C-5.25.2 Localized Heat Repair Temperature Limi-

tations.

C-5.28 Arc Strikes

COMMENTARY AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015

C-5.29 Weld Cleaning

C-5.30 Weld Tabs

AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 COMMENTARY

Figure C-5.1—Examples of Unacceptable Reentrant Corners (see C-5.15)

Figure C-5.2—Examples of Good Practice for Cutting Copes (see C-5.16)

COMMENTARY AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015

Figure C-5.3—Permissible Offset in Abutting Members (see C-5.21.3)

Note: In correcting misalignment that exceeds the allowance, the parts are not to be drawn to a slope greater than 1/2 in [12 mm] in 12 in
[300 mm].

Figure C-5.4—Correction of Misaligned Members (see C-5.21.3)

AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 COMMENTARY

Figure C-5.5—Typical Method to Determine Variations in Girder Web Flatness

(see C-5.22.6.1)
COMMENTARY AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015

Note: Plus tolerance indicates point is above the detailed camber shape. Minus tolerance indicates point is below the detailed camber
surface.

Figure C-5.6—Illustration Showing Camber Measurement Methods (see C-5.22.4)

AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015 COMMENTARY

Figure C-5.7—Measurement of Flange Warpage and Tilt (see C-5.22.8)

COMMENTARY AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015

Figure C-5.8—Tolerances at Bearing Points (see C-5.22.10)