Eye surgery, also known as ocular surgery, is surgery performed on

the eye or its adnexa, typically by an ophthalmologist. The eye is a very fragile
organ, and requires extreme care before, during, and after a surgical
procedure to minimise or prevent further damage

Here are some of the most common eye

diseases and their eye surgeries :

1. Cataracts
These is one of the most common eye ailment treated in the country. There
are a few types of cataracts that can affect an individual. In some cases
cataracts can even affect children.
Cataracts are so common that about 90% of people are expected to suffer
from them at some point in their lives. While these are considered to be a part
of the natural aging process, cataracts are also closely associated with other
diseases like diabetes.
The symptoms of this disease include – cloudy vision, poor night vision,
double vision, glare from bright lights, and cloudy film over natural lens.
Solution: A cataract surgery is the simplest and most accessible solution for
cataracts. There is, however, a cost factor to it, like most medical procedures.
The surgery uses an ultrasonic hand-held device which emulsifies and/or
sculpts the cataract while a pump aspirates. This procedure usually requires
an overnight stay at the hospital and is virtually painless.
2. Glaucoma
Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of glaucoma to
relieve intraocular pressure by removing part of the eye's trabecular meshwork and
adjacent structures. It is the most common glaucoma surgery performed and allows
drainage of aqueous humor from within the eye to underneath the conjunctiva where
it is absorbed

Canaloplasty is an advanced, nonpenetrating procedure designed to enhance

drainage through the eye’s natural drainage system to provide sustained reduction of
IOP. Canaloplasty utilizes microcatheter technology in a simple and minimally
invasive procedure. To perform a canaloplasty, an ophthalmologist creates a tiny
incision to gain access to a canal in the eye.

3. Squint
There are a number of deformities that are possible with the eye like
refractive issues or squints. These can lead to problems in sight, blurry vision,
problems with depth perception among a variety of others. These can be
caused due to congenital defects, injuries, aging, or even tumors. These can
change the structure of the eye and even lead to loss of vision in dire cases.
Solution: There are a range of oculoplastic surgeries that can correct the eye
related deformities. These surgeries hardly take time and are painless, usually
performed under a local or in rare cases, general, anesthetic. They can correct
droopy eyelids, squints, tear duct obstructions, etc.
4. Macular Degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration is a naturally progressive eye condition
that affects people over the age of 65 years. This involves the breakdown of
the macula or the middle part of the retina. This is something that can be
intensified due to lifestyle choices like smoking, problematic dietary habits,
and obesity. In this ailment waste deposits are formed on the retina, which
stops the flow of nutrients into the cells. This can lead to cell death and
progressive deterioration of vision.
Solution: There are a number of procedures that can help prevent macular
degeneration. This includes surgically implanting a telescope in the lens.
Injection therapy can also be used to work out the issues arising due to
macular degeneration.
5. Paediatric Eye Ailments
Children born with cataracts or deformities related to vision need immediate
and direct attention to help avoid problems in the future. The main issue
with paediatric eye issues is the identification of the problem in order to
provide immediate care. Paediatric eye surgeries have become a field unto
themselves and is something that is crucial to the health of infants in the sub-
Saharan region of Africa. Regency Medical Centre prides itself on the quality of
paediatric eye health care that we provide.
Solution: Children born with cataracts figure largely in the paediatric eye
ailments diagnosed in Tanzania. The best solution for these ailments is
surgical intervention. If done promptly it can prevent children from losing
sight completely. The catch here is to diagnose the ailment in a timely fashion,
diagnostic tools are usually not available for people in rural areas and for
those facing financial issues, which makes it difficult for treatment to reach
them in time.
6. Refractive Errors
Refractive surgery aims to correct errors of refraction in the eye, reducing or
eliminating the need for corrective lenses.

One of this procedure includes

Keratomilleusis is a method of reshaping the cornea surface to change its optical power. A
disc of cornea is shaved off, quickly frozen, lathe-ground, then returned to its original power.
 7. Laser eye surgery or laser corneal surgery is a medical procedure that uses a laser
to reshape the surface of the eye. This is done to correct myopia (short-sightedness),
hypermetropia (long sightedness) and astigmatism (uneven curvature of the eye's
surface). It is important to note that refractive surgery is not compatible with
everyone, and rarely people may find that eyewear is still needed after surgery.

8. Oculoplastic surgery, or oculoplastics, is the subspecialty of ophthalmology that deals

with the reconstruction of the eye and associated structures. Oculoplastic surgeons
perform procedures such as the repair of droopy eyelids (blepharoplasty)[5], repair of
tear duct obstructions, orbital fracture repairs, removal of tumors in and around the
eyes, and facial rejuvenation procedures including laser skin resurfacing, eye lifts,
brow lifts, and even facelifts.

9. An enucleation is the removal of the eye leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital
contents intact.

10. An evisceration is the removal of the eye's contents, leaving the scleral shell intact.
Usually performed to reduce pain in a blind eye.

11. An exenteration is the removal of the entire orbital contents, including the eye,
extraocular muscles, fat, and connective tissues; usually for malignant orbital tumors

12. Anterior vitrectomy is the removal of the front portion of vitreous tissue. It is used for
preventing or treating vitreous loss during cataract or corneal surgery, or to remove
misplaced vitreous in conditions such as aphakia pupillary block glaucoma.
13. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), or trans pars plana vitrectomy (TPPV), is a procedure to
remove vitreous opacities and membranes through a pars plana incision. It is frequently
combined with other intraocular procedures for the treatment of giant retinal tears,
tractional retinal detachments, and posterior vitreous detachments.

14. Corneal surgery includes most refractive surgery as well as the following:
Corneal transplant surgery, also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedurewhere a
damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue (the graft). When the
entire cornea is replaced it is known as penetrating keratoplasty and when only part of the
cornea is replaced it is known as lamellar keratoplasty. Keratoplasty simply means surgery
to the cornea. The graft is taken from a recently dead individual with no known diseases or
other factors that may affect the chance of survival of the donated tissue or the health of the
recipient.

15. Pterygium excision