Example 3: Isothermal CSTR with 1.

Order Chemical
Reaction

Find the model and the transfer function of the process.

Mass balance for component A Fi ,CAi
Accumulation=In- Out + Generation

d(MA V CA)
= MA F CAİ - MA F CA - MA V k CA
dt k F , CA
Α Β
MA: molecular weight of A, V= constant
33
Volume: V m
dCA F F
= CAi − CA − kCA Output var.: CA (mol/m 3 )
dt V V
Input var.: CAi (mol/m3 )
 dCA F + kV F
+ ( ) CA = CAi
dt V V

Model: dCA F
τ + CA = CAi
dt F + kV
V
F + kV

Take laplace , [ CA (t=0) = 0 initial condition]

F
τ s CA(s) + CA(s) = CAi(s)
F + kV
Transfer Function: K

CA(s) K
G(s) = =
CAi(s) τs +1
Example 4: Mixing
q,C1
V: volume of tank(m3)
q: volumetric flow rate(m3 /s)
q, C2 C1 : inlet sugar conc.(kg/m3 )
C2 : outlet sugar conc.(kg/m3 )

Find the model and the transfer

function of this process

C1 : input variable (in terms of deviation variable)

C2 : output variable (in terms of deviation variable)

What is the transfer function of the process:

C2 ( s )
=?
C1 ( s )
Mass Balance:
Rate of mass in–Rate of mass out= Rate of Mass Accum.
d (m )
m& in − m& out =
dt
d (VC 2 )
qC 1 − qC 2 =
dt
d (C 2 )
q (C 1 − C 2 ) = V
dt
 V  d (C 2 )
( C 1 − C 2 ) =  
{ q  dt
τ
d (C 2 )
C1 = τ + C2
dt
C1(s) = τ s C 2 (s) + C 2 (s)
C 1 ( s ) = C 2 ( s ) [τ s + 1 ]

C 2 (s) 1
=
C1(s) [τ s + 1 ]

C1 ( s ) C2 ( s) Block Diagram
1
(τ s + 1)
Example 5: If there are two input
variables
In some cases there may be two input variables effecting the
process. (Example: mixing tank with two inlet streams)
dy Mathematical model of a process that is
τ + y = x represented by a 1st order differential equation
dt
(single input variable)

dy Mathematical model of a process

τ + y = K 1 x1 + K 2 x 2 that is represented by a 1st order
dt
differential equation (two input
y: output variable variables)
x: input variable
τ : (tau) time constant
K: gain constant
 Example 5: If there are two input
variables Let’s find the transfer function
dy
τ + y = K 1 x 1 + K 2 x 2 of this process. (take laplace)
dt
τ sY ( s ) − y ( 0 ) + Y ( s ) = K 1 X 1 ( s ) + K 2 X 2 ( s )
Y ( s ) [τ s + 1 ] = K 1 X 1 ( s ) + K 2 X 2 ( s )
K1 K2
Y (s) = X 1(s) + X 2 (s)
[τ s + 1 ] [τ s + 1 ]
Y (s) K1
=
X 1(s) [τ s + 1 ]
Y (s) K2
=
X 2 (s) [τ s + 1 ]
Example 5: If there are two input
variables
Y (s) K1 Transfer function I
=
X 1(s) [τ s + 1 ]
Y (s) K2
= Transfer function II
X 2 (s) [τ s + 1 ]
Y(s) is equal to sum of these two transfer functions

X 1 (s) K1
(τ s + 1)
+ Y (s )

X 2 (s) K2 +
(τ s + 1)