Workshop 3
Recommendation How to apply it in a process
It is better to prevent waste than to treat
or clean up waste after it is formed
Chemical processes should be designed to
maximize the incorporation into the final
product of all the materials used in the
process
Energy and mass integration should be
incorporated
design
Avoid routes or process that generate
streams of waste or pollution.
Selecting a route or process that generate
chemical products with high value in
addition to the principal product
Taking into account process integration in In a Bioethanol separation process, process
separations processes.
Implementation of recycle strategy.
Example
An alternative route to make propylene
oxide based on hydrogen peroxide
eliminated most of the waste and greatly
reduced water and energy use compared to
the conventional process.
http://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/presidential-green-chemistry-
challenge-winners
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2016/gc/c6gc90023b#ci
t3
the manufacture of phenol by the old
process (assuming sodium sulfite is waste)
had an advantage of 37%, changing the
chemical route we can reach a 100%, being
produced by benzene and propene,
producing phenol and propanone, being the
propanone a chemical product of high
value.
http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/processes/green-chemis
try.html
integration helps to reduce the overall
energy required in the reboilers based on
energy integration and additionally to
diminish the amount of required solvent
based on mass integration.
http://segovia-hernandez.com/publicaciones/articulo%20maria%2
0CET.pdf
 Chemical processes should generate
substances little toxic or no toxic for
human health and the environment
Recommendation
The use of auxiliary substances (solvents,
separation agents, etc.) should be made
unnecessary whenever possible, and innocuous
when used
Product, processes and systems should be
designed to maximize mass, energy, space and
time efficiency
Searching new routes of process, that don’t The polycarbonate is manufactured by a
need to use toxic substances. condensation reaction between bisphenol A
and either carbonyl chloride or diphenyl
carbonate.The process for the production of
polycarbonate that uses diphenyl carbonate
is less hazardous than that using carbonyl
chloride.
http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/processes/green-chemis
try.html
How to apply it in a process Example
design
find a different kind of process where do Get biodiesel without washing agents, get
not need that solvent or separation agent, biodiesel with supercritical conditions instead.
maybe other operating conditions or
change unit operating.
Implement moleculas , processes, Plastic lumber from used polymer packaging
products and systems afterlife as a raw material.
https://www.cim-mappano.it/supplier/4711.html
material of other product to reduce the
waste and reused.
Chemical process closer to ambient temperature
and atmospheric pressure should be preferred
Recommendation
A raw material feedstock should be
renewable rather than depleting whenever
technically and economically practical
Chemical products should be designed so that at
the end of their function they do not persist in
the environment and break down into innocuous
degradation products
prefer the process at atmospheric pressure the production of ammonia generates both
using catalysts or fermentation processes, waste heat and carbon dioxide, both derived
and having polygeneration processes
How to apply it in a process
design?
To select chemical routes where
renewable resources are the raw
materials
To design a product with a life cycle fast
and moldable for the company. We need
determinate the life cycle of the product
needing for a sustainable process, where
final product is the raw material of our
process.
from fossil fuel. One UK manufacturer pipes
these to large commercial tomato greenhouses,
greatly extending the season during which the
plants may be grown economically.
http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/processes/green-chemistry.h
tml
Example
To produce surfactants from vegetable
oils: ethoxylated fatty alcohols or
sulphonated fatty acid methyl esters rather
than LABS
To produce Biofuels. The raw material of
biofuels are sustainable carbon source like
farming or waste that they are obtained by the
transformation of gases products of the use the
bio fuels.
 Substances used in a chemical process should be
chosen so as to minimize the potential for
physical, health and environmental hazards
to select the substances less dangerous for change Plasticizer toxic like DEHP for another
the physical and health also for no toxic like bio plasticizer.
environment through matriz of selection
and a good judgment. complying with the
economic, technology, social, politics and
environmental standard.

Adapted from: Jimènez-Gonzales, Constable D, Green Chemistry and Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2011