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Feasibilty Study Group 4 Thesis
Feasibilty Study Group 4 Thesis
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
As the consumption of the society grows, more waste are produce- both
produce in the mining, paper, steel and foods industries. Metals, chemicals,
plastics and other usable materials are still today considered to be waste and in
fact only slightly more than 10% of all industrial waste is recycled. Solid waste
reliable space that could have been used for other important purposes; improper
disposal causes road blocks, poor aesthetic, constitute serious hindrance to free
flow of drainages and can also pollute ground water which can eventually lead to
an outbreak of disease.
persistently poses a great challenge to a man on earth. If solid and organic waste
were diverted correctly, there can be reduction to waste sent to landfills. Diverting
organic waste from landfills will result in a reduction of methane gas, a decrease
nutrition. Iles (2018) mentioned that the New Plastics Economy reports have
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called for a redesign of the plastics system in line with the principles of circular
Millions of metric tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) are generated in the
municipality from agricultural, residential and industrial sources every year. The
growing industrialization and high population growth rate has led to a rapid
increase in solid waste generation in the municipality which has, in turn, put
ultimately prevention of wastage. Waste regulation bring about challenges for the
regulators, waste service providers and waste producers, however, with these
Environmental, 2017).
from Solid Waste Materials through the Use of Modern Technology in the
risks, reduce waste volume, and make proposals for economic and
(2) to develop a business centred around sound business practice, (3) to ensure
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landfilling, (5) to investigate option for processing and value adding to recycled
products and established job employment. It has been drawn up basis for starting
than just the current recycled materials as cost of handling and separation would
be much reduced.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Daanbantayan.
1.1 Age
1.2 Livelihood
3.1 Biodegradable
3.2 Non-biodegradable
3.3 Recyclable
3.4 Hazardous
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4. What are the benefits of the proposed project as perceived by the
respondents?
5. What possible final products the can be made by the waste innovation
plantation?
5.1 toys
5.2 furniture
5.4 accessories
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
who will use them for some purpose/s such as basis of making decisions on
certain purposes.
determine whether the project is profitable or not. This would serve as basis for
the financial institutions in decision making process whether they would lend
Entrepreneurs. This study helped comply with their course requirement. It had
been developed their skills in the project study making as well as promotes
teamwork and camaraderie. Their communication skills were enhanced and they
were able to withstand working under pressure. They also developed patience
along the way and proper decision making in the long run.
Proponents. This study helped comply with their course requirement. It had
been developed their skills in the project study making as well as promotes
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they were able to withstand working under pressure. They also developed
patience along the way and proper decision making in the long run.
Respondents. Through this study, the respondent will be able to know what are
the benefits and cost of innovative waste products. Moreover, this will serve as
reference for those who are planning to use an innovative waste products as an
Community. Through this study, the municipality will recognize the advantages
will be able to know the benefits and cost if ever adapts the use of innovative
waste products.
Academe. This study would help the adviser to measure the capabilities of his or
how far the students were able to apply the teachings imparted to them. This
would also help them see the development of the students through their
learn as they welcome the challenging but exciting works they had done to
complete this study. This has empowered them to improve their skills, knowledge
Future Researchers. This study would serve as their model for further research
and basis of an existing project or so. Future researcher would be able to gain
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SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The scope of the study focuses on how feasible the project on the
person living in the locality and they were selected through purposive sampling.
This study aims to reduce the number of solid waste materials in the municipality
of Daanbantayan and turn them into innovative products. This study was
method for this study. This is where the respondents answer the questions
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Due to the used vocabulary of the researchers, this part of the study aims
broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic aerobic
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Output. The final stage of the research disseminating the findings to an
appropriate audience.
Process. The series of action or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.
Profit. The financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned
Recyclable. Any materials or substance that can be recycled. They are either
brought to a collection center or picked up from the curb side, then sorted,
defective and of no use. May be generated during the extraction of raw materials,
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CHAPTER II
manage its solid waste especially in the areas where industries and housing
estates are developing rapidly as economics grow. Solid waste damps are
and funding, the solid waste management scenario is becoming worse day by
day.
with a total area of approximately 374km 2 and urban population of about 1.3
million in 2008. It revealed that for the last 14 years, average annual Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW) generated in MPP was increased rapidly from 0.136 million
tons in 1995 to 0.361 million tons in 2008. At 63.3% of food waste, is the
wood (6.8%) and paper and cardboard (6.4%). The remaining waste, including
metals, glass, rubber with leather, textiles, and ceramic/stone, accounted for less
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than 3%. Waste recycling through informal sectors is very active; recycled waste
accounted for about 9.3% of all waste generated on 2003. Currently, the overall
and disposal, is still in poor condition, which leads to environmesntal and health
risks.
implementation and funding, the solid waste management systems are not
diseases, land and water pollution, obstruction of drains and loss of biodiversity.
inherent value. These wastes may pose a potential hazard to the human health
or the environment (soil, air, water) when improperly treated, stored, transported
generated are food/kitchen wastes, papers, PET bottles, metals, cans, boxes/
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cartoons, glass bottles , and other waste (mixed wastes). No respondents
household respondents said that it is possible that the dumping in certain areas
caused the dengue fever suffered by some of their family members. Scavengers
generally look for recyclable items in the dumped garbage. All of them said that it
is their only source of income, which is generally not enough for their meals.
They are also aware that their work affects their health. The results of the study
showed that RA 9003, also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management
The study clearly indicates failure of the existing facilities, high volume of
sites which generates serious health risks. The public perception indicated that
most people lack of knowledge of the harmful effects of waste heaps including
that they are breeding grounds for flies, cockroaches, and mosquitoes, rodents
etc. which are responsible for transmission of germs and zoonotic infections to
the people living nearby. It was observed that the people living in this area have
a poor health like allergy, asthma, skin irritation, and other gastro intestinal
diseases.
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Waste is a subjective notion. Some see waste as a risk to public health
and the environment, some see it as a mere aesthetic inconvenience, and others
tool in minimizing the amount of household solid wastes that enter the dump
sites. More so, it has been established that, it is the best, efficient, and effective
services for waste management and the recycling and reuse of waste materials.
New, more advance technology will needed in order to fulfill new and more
stringent stipulations for waste management, recycling and reuse which now
apply to the entire EU. Finish industrial companies operating in the environmental
reuse has been made of the main objectives of the streams technology
and generation rate of solid wastes in Nigeria have increased at an alarming rate
over the years with lack of efficient and modern technology for the management
of the wastes. The generation rate, collection and disposal of solid wastes are
functions of several factors which it well considered and appropriated could bring
the desired solution to the solid waste management problems in Nigeria. The
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quantity and rate of solid waste generation in several cities in Nigeria, factors
influencing the generation, solid waste types and categories, collection, disposal,
reuse and recycling environmental problems were investigated in this study. The
64.2% used other waste disposal options, 16.4% used both 68.7% and 58.7%
loop of materials. Through this, the utilization of renewable energy and economic
considered to adapt the environmental and economic issues and the aim of eco-
efficiency.
of Warrensburg Missouri State University and Whiteman Air Force Base (2005),
several recycling opportunities currently available within the region. It was noted
residents. Additionally, Steve Haller Disposal collects the base residential waste
Warrensburg. The contract was manage directly by the Air Force and contracted
program services and development. The on-site contractor manages the base
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recycling center, a re-use store, and manages recycling related program base.
They have bailers and storage area for bailed materials. Many materials are
The marketed materials are collected by private contractors for delivery brokers
or mills.
and economic benefits in a variety of ways, by charging tipping toes for delivery
at the facility and by selling the end products once waste is processed. Potential
revenue from the sale of end products will vary dramatically based on the waste
type and market conditions. Tipping fees are charged by landfills and other solid
waste management facilities for accepting waste brought to the facility for
tipping fee for waste delivery of recycled waste. The end product of the sorted
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RESEARCH FLOW
details on how the study will be conducted. It includes three major components;
The input includes the profile of the chosen respondent and the responses
interpretation of data.
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Figure 1 shows the flowchart of the research.
Every plan must be well executed in order to achieve its purpose. This
chapter tackles about the operation and flow of the project discussed. A thorough
its implementation.
SERVICE DESCRIPTION
products from solid waste materials through the use of modern technology. This
project planned to have a large space building but subject to extension if fully
selection, where most of them are mechanised barring a few like manual
segregation.
2. Transportation
3. Segregation
4. Recycle
5. Composting
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6. Vermi – composting
7. Anaerobic digestion/biomethanation
There are quite a few options in selecting the technology for the purpose
of managing the solid waste. There are technologies available to segregate in the
dump yard. The waste segregation is a challenge for all the households. Once
the culture of segregation becomes part of our daily life the whole process will
ease out. There is a requirement for a technology for segregation at source. After
of the municipal authorities to collect and shift the waste commences from here.
more tedious because the people have varied behavioural patterns. The
inefficiency of the source segregation cascades over to this phase posing more
certain way to segregate the municipal waste, they tend to use their own method
interest, their focus on the issue is limited to complete the job. But how best to
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complete the job is not part of any contract. They need close monitoring by the
persons within the governance mechanism with accountability for the responsible
municipality of Daanbantayan are yet to procure and use. There are enough
collection centres for the apartments in the cities, but the public waste collection
centres are rare. If there is any, the collection is either, not being done regularly,
or not done leading to public nuisance. The responsibilities of the restaurants and
After the waste is collected in the waste collection sites, they are again
the locality.
Most advanced balers are used to sort the waste and bale all waste paper,
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After the segregation and recycling the waste at this stage, they are either
sent for composting or incineration or land filling depending on the quality and
type of waste.
as a fertilizer. There are many small and large composting projects in the locality
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though the exact figure is unknown. The treatment capacity designed for these
Many composting plants have been closed down or are functioning at a lower
capacity. Those functioning are generally being managed by the private sector
sophistication.
small size have been set up in some cities and towns in India, the largest plants
The study conducted by Mr. Ranjith Annepu, has revealed that the
composts’ quality from the mixed waste were stated to be of very low quality,
which is contaminated by heavy metals. The mixed compost samples were below
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the required stipulated standards for total potassium, total carbon, total
phosphorus, and moisture content and exceeded the limits for heavy metals like
lead, and chromium. It also, goes further to commit that, if all the MSW generated
in India in the next decade were to be composted as mixed waste and used for
agriculture, it would introduce 73,000 tons of heavy metals into agricultural soils
and in turn into the food chain (Ranjith Kharvel Annepu, 2012).
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contribution of greenhouse gases to global warning. By deploying this
5. High calorific fraction refuse derived fuel - Renewable fuel content dependent
incinerated are sent for Incineration. This process converts the waste into ash,
flue gas, and heat. Incineration with energy recovery is one of the several wastes
gas is often the main energy product from gasification. Incineration and
As a forward integration to the waste management the use of the GHG for
the power generation will add value to the process as well as reduce cost of
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carbonaceous materials into carbon material, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. This
with a controlled amount of oxygen or steam. The resulting gas mixture is the
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It is also seen that in some places unsegregated waste is put into the pits
and allowed to decay for more than six months and sold after sometime. In some
large cities aerobic compost plants have been installed, but they are not being
scale.
extent, the landfills prevent the leachate and any other pollutant polluting the
ground water. There are different types of land filling which are used for different
prevent leachate leaking to the ground. The single layered, multiple layered and
composite layered are the three main types of landfills used to dispose off the
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municipal waste. The liners are constructed to monitor and prevent the leakage
at different levels.
Marketing Feasibility
Marketing is a process that helps the business to introduce and promote its
marketing.
service. A good marketing study should not be only focusing on the internal
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develop a strategy to excel over its competitors and to sustain its share in the
market. The prices of the competitors’ products or services would affect the
market.
On the other hand, every business wants to minimize cost and maximize
profit by getting the most out of the available resource, without compromising the
quality of the products or services. Marketing helps the business to make this
desire happen and to market its products or services to the customers and
organization would properly meet the demand of its customers. It would help to
the business owner and potential investors to reduce the risk, about whether the
proposed project is acceptable to the market or not, because this will show
DEMAND
In determining the viability of the proposed project, a study on the demand of the
service must be made. Demand is simply the willingness of the people to buy or
SUPPLY
Along with the demand, supply is one of the factors in determining the
market price. Supply is defined as the volume or amount of goods that are
available for usage and consumption of the public. It also refers to services
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needed to meet the demand of the target market. By knowing the number of
supply in the market, an efficient and effective calculation is made to estimate the
market share.
Management Feasibility
what they want to achieve in the long run, and it administrates the work that the
There are different factors that must be taken into consideration to achieve
the desired outcome of the proposed project. Such factors include: the
organizational structure that shall be used to address the internal needs of the
customers and clients, and how they deal with risks regarding adjustments and
preparations are set to before the start of the execution of the business to know
the things that should be done when doing the business proper.
This is the crucial part of the project that must be done properly. This part
shall be used to know how the project works and the ways to attain the goal of
the organization. The planned set of action will then be the basis of the
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Sourcing of Funds
Regarding the proposed innovative products from solid waste materials the
sources of funds would come from donations of local government from the
municipality of Daanbantayan and own funds of the owners. The funds are from
donations and a loan from BPI which will take 2 weeks after transaction.
For the business to operate legally, they need to have permits and secure
the legal requirements. In this manner, they need to have a building permit for
the structure which will be complied and be filed to the local government of
plantation to minimize the cost without sacrificing its quality. With the quality
materials that will be used, the building is expected to withstand for longer years
Purchasing of Materials
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announcements, tarpaulins and etc. Advertising of the Ossuary will be one month
In this area, they should be able to identify who are those suitable for the
operating period. The management must utilize properly the resources they
acquired as well as plan the necessary strategies to continue the business and
One of the first decisions to start a business is how the business should
be structured. All businesses must adopt some legal configuration that defines
personal liability, life span, and financial structure. This decision will have long-
ownership that is right for the business. The proponents recommend that the
existing set-up of the Solid Waste Management Plantation will oversee the
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Organizational Structure
task of its workers. The efficiency and effectiveness of its workers depends on
the chain of command which would serve as their guide on the order of authority
that they must follow. Thus, it is essential for an organization to create and
properly organize their organizational structure for them to achieve the goals of
its business.
process of SWM. Generally, the loop of this SWM, is open after the dumping of
the waste. Following is a simple chart which describes the system management
PLANNING
ASSESS DOING-EXECUTION
Review Tendering
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Revise Selecting
PDCA CYCLE
CHECK
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Financial Aspect
Money is very essential when it comes to business. Without the money the
business could not be established and sustain the operations and achieve its
evaluated in order to come up with the correct capital amount and funds needed.
Since the primary goal of most business organizations is to earn profit, financial
aspect plays a vital role in determining the financial viability of the proposed
project. Moreover, the financial aspect of a business also reflects any economic
results on the marketing, technical, management, legal and taxation aspect down
proposed project are presented. Every amount used were properly evaluated and
Source of funding
the funds can be from the donations that would receive. This can be made
possible after by promoting the project to the community. The funds can be
The researchers estimated project cost is Php 1, 870, 891.00 to start its
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working capital of the business. The details in allocating this cost are presented
Social Aspects
The feasibility study about the “Innovative Products from Solid Waste
Materials through the use of Modern Technology ”, would give positive effects not
only to the society, but also to the economy. If this study would be implemented
since whatever the result of the business, it is them who would be greatly
Target Market
The formation of this project was due to the concern of the researcher to
the environment within the community. Majority of the researchers observed that
the rate of solid waste materials have been increasing within a short span of
time. In the implementation of this study most solid waste will be turned into
innovative products that will improve the betterment of the community. The study
doesn’t just focuses on the manifestation of solid waste but also to the better job
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Implementer
collect out of it will be beneficial for them. Those collections would serve as
additional funds of both organizations and work for the salary of the employees.
Competitors
They would be able to get ideas from the said project that will be helpful in
improving in their own space or business. This would help to realize better profit
Community
Waste Management Plant, it would increase the demand of workers during the
operation of the structure. It could be a good opportunity for those who struggle
finding a job.
essential for the implementers to find a suitable company to partner with in the
structure making.
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1. HARDWARE
that would help them realize the structure. It would increase their own sales of
2. UTILITIES PROVIDER
-which render service to the need of the structure such as electricity. Thus, would
help the businesses related to gain more income from the said project.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Materials through the use of Modern Technology. This study used a quantitative
method since it dealt with numerous people that specifically dealt with their
information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge. Research design is the
DESIGN
as the path for the study to work on. This type of research design affects the
outcome or the process of the study so it’s better to choose and come up what
suitable for the project. The questionnaires were distributed, collected, tabulated,
data gathered from the questionnaires and interviews where used as basis for
ENVIRONMENT
the said municipality. Whereas the location should be away from the residential
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areas and coastal areas and it should be located in a secluded area to minimize
risks that can affect the community. The mission of this research is to develop
and innovate products from solid waste materials, to promote health and well
being for all section of the population, to build efficient and safe environment and
RESPONDENTS
Poblacion. The proponents first gathered the latest records of the total number of
Hall, Daanbantayan Cebu, Philippines. After such data was collected, the
population, which survey questionnaires were distributed. A ratio for the number
of respondents per barangay was then computed out from the computed sample
size.
INSTRUMENTS
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Data Gathering
Before conducting the study, the researchers asked permission from the
school principal and explained the objectives of the study. In conducting the
survey for the installation of Solid Waste Management Plant, the respondents
were oriented by the researchers to have a further insight regarding the study.
Later on, the researchers let the respondents answers the given questionnaires
in answering the survey questionnaires. After gathering all the data regarding the
installation of Solid Waste Management Plant, the researchers then collected the
questionnaires from the respondents. The researchers ensured that valid data
would be collected from the respondents through tabulated and analysed the
incorporated into formula calculation. The gathered data of this study was
Solid Waste Management Plantation for the respondents the statistical tool that
Municipality of Daanbantayan.
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P=(f/N) 50
Where,
P= Percentage
f=frequency of responses
50= constant
In the questionnaire, the statistical tools that were employed were weighted
Weighted Mean (WM). The weighted mean was used to determine the extent of
the respondents rated the variables on the rating scale. The formula in getting
WM=∑fw
N
Where,
WM = Weighted Mean
f = frequency
N = number of respondents
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Average Weighted Mean. This was used in determining the general description
of the given variables or factors. The formula in getting the average weighted
mean is as follows:
AWM=∑WM
N
Where,
WM = weighted mean
Scoring. The scoring employed in this study spelled-out hereunder. The different
3 2.51-3.25 Agree
2 1.76-2.50 Disagree
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TABLE 2. The Scoring System on the Effectiveness of the Proposed Project
3 2.51-3.25 Effective
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