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Wireless Research Handbook: Build 5G Wireless With Software Defined Radio
Wireless Research Handbook: Build 5G Wireless With Software Defined Radio
Volume 2
INTRODUCTION
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Table of Contents
Massive MIMO Measurements in Real Time
Using a 128-Antenna Testbed............................................................................. 5
About the RF and Communications Team High-Throughput FPGA Architectures for Channel Coding............................... 33
With a common goal of rapidly moving from theory to prototype, NI established lead user programs to accelerate Toucan Wireless SDN Testbed: A Multitechnology Platform............................ 35
next-generation research in controls, mechatronics, robotics, and wireless communications. Established in 2010,
Interference Management in LTE-Based NI Testbed........................................ 37
the wireless communications lead user program includes numerous research institutions examining multiple 5G
communications aspects. Many researchers around the world are making significant contributions to 5G research
based on the foundational work completed by the lead user program.
©2016 National Instruments. All rights reserved. CVI, LabVIEW, National Instruments, NI, ni.com, NI FlexRIO, and USRP are trademarks of National Instruments. The mark LabWindows is used under a license from Microsoft Corporation.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. The registered trademark Linux® is used pursuant to a sublicense from LMI, the exclusive licensee of Linus Torvalds, owner of the mark
on a worldwide basis. Other product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies. 351339B-01 24933
ni.com/sdr | 3
USER PROFILE
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Massive MIMO Measurements in Real Time Using a 128-Antenna Testbed
Professors: Mark Beach and Andrew Nix; Drs. Angela Doufexi, Simon Armour, and Evangelos MelliosResearch
Students: Mr. Paul Harris, Ms. Siming Zhang, Mr. Henry Brice, Mr. Wael Hasan, and Mr. Benny Chitambira
Communication Systems and Networks Group, University of Bristol
Our Goals Four flexible dual-polar patch antenna panels to allow for a reconfigurable Power Delay Profile (PDP) and frequency response can be viewed in real-
array layout and future 4-segment distribution. time for all 128x12 channels. The received signal level of each user across
■ Obtain and process massive MIMO channel metrics in real-time the antenna array can also be visualised along with the eigenvalues (HHH).
■ Measure real-time performance in dynamic environments Very strong diagonal indicating good spatial orthogonality between users.
■ Develop algorithms that exploit the massive effect to improve the
efficiency of future systems
Our System
This is a 128-Antenna Massive MIMO Testbed which operates in real-time
at 3.51 GHz (20 MHz bandwidth) using an LTE-like TDD PHY. All hardware
is provided through BristolIsOpen (BIO).
■ 64 USRP RIO Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) performing
OFDM mod/demod
■ 4 FlexRIO Kintex 7 FPGAs performing 128x12 MIMO Processing
■ Up to 12 UE clients can be supported
BIO also provides fiber- First Experimental Trials on March 10, 2016
optic links allowing us to Initial measurements conducted in an indoor atrium using 3.5 GHz sleeve 1.59 Gbps sum-rate achieved using 256-QAM for all 12 users. On 20 MHz
deploy the system with dipoles at both the BS and 12 UE clients. The UEs were placed 20m away of bandwidth, that’s a staggering 79.4 bits/s/Hz. Received constellations
a backhaul connection. in a variety of configurations. and throughput display shown below.
These links will also
enable the exploration
of distributed massive
MIMO research.
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Spatially Adaptive TV Broadcast: Hardware-in-the-Loop Operational Analysis
Supervisors : Professors Mark Beach, Andrew Nix and Joe McGeehan
Research Student: Mr. Peter Bagot
Communication Systems and Networks Group, University of Bristol
Introduction ■ DVB-T signal generated and fed into a channel emulator Live TV Signal Analysis
■ Emulator defines broadcast channel and signal fluctuations
■ Broadcast antennas are installed and run on ■ 72 hour, power in band recording of a live TV Broadcast, taken using
■ USRPs define the QoS of the channel
a ‘one-off’ basis, based on several planning a NI-USRP 2920
assumptions which can never fully reflect ■ Data fed to LabVIEW for signal analysis ■ Intensity charts and Spectrum measurements constructed in LabVIEW
real-world conditions ■ Signal analysis fed to Control algorithm ■ Enabled the power fluctuations over time to be evaluated and
■ This leads to an over engineering of the ■ Control alters the broadcast power to overcome the effects of the then modelled within a channel emulator for the hardware in the
network which decreases the energy efficiency channel variations loop experiment
■ How the energy efficiency of a digital broadcast ■ Process is repeated and the adaptive system is fully emulated
network can be optimised by adapting the
coverage in real-time by using beamforming
techniques based on user feedback
■ DVB-T Amplifiers are inherently inefficient
which adds to the energy efficiency problem
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OFDMA-Based Network Coded Cooperation Testbed: Implementation
and Performance Results
Selahattin Gökceli, Semiha Tedik Basaran, Günes Karabulut Kurt
Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University
Model Parameters
Figure 2. Received Images at Direct Link Figure 3. Received Images at Network Decoder Figure 4. Link Performance
Comparison for Source Nodes
References Acknowledgements
[1] R. Ahlswede, N. Cai, S.-Y. R. Li, and R. W. Yeung, “Network information flow,” IEEE Trans. Inf. The authors would like to thank COST Action 1104 and The Scientific and Technological Research
Theory, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1204–1216, July 2000. Council of Turkey-TUBITAK for funding this project (Grant ID: 113E294).
[2] H. Topakkaya and Z. Wang, “Wireless network code design and performance analysis using
diversity-multiplexing tradeoff,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 488–496, Feb. 2011.
[3] S. Gökceli, H. Alakoca, S. Tedik Basaran, G. Karabulut Kurt, “OFDMA-based Network Coded
Cooperation: Design and Implementation Using Software Defined Radio Nodes,” EURASIP
Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, EURASIP, 2016, November.
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WiMAC: Rapid Implementation Platform for
User-Definable MAC Protocols Through Separation
Simon Yau, Liang Ge, Ping-Chun Hsieh, I-Hong Hou, Shuguang Cui, P.R. Kumar Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University
tightly coupled with the underlying physical layer, and need to have scheduling)
extremely small latencies. Very few MACs have ever been implemented
even though dozens of new MAC protocols have been proposed. To ■ Features of WiMAC:
■ Independence of software from hardware
enable quick prototyping, we employ the Mechanism versus Policy
separation to decompose the functionality in the MAC layer and the ■ Enable protocol changes on-the-fly
PHY layer. Built on the separation framework, WiMAC achieves the ■ Supports cross-layer design
independence of the software from the hardware, to offer a high ■ Quick prototyping
Motivation
■ In most of today’s 802.11 implementation, the MAC and PHY layers
are very tightly coupled
■ New protocols have to be redeveloped from the ground up, which
presents two problems:
■ Long development time
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Non-Contact Breathing Detection Using Passive Radar
Supervisor: Dr. Robert. J. Piechocki & Dr. Bo Tan
Research Students: Mr. Wenda Li
Communication Systems and Networks Group, University of Bristol
transmitter geometry
■ No dedicated frequency ■ No direct control on
■ The proposed breathing detection system provides
allocation transmit signal high correlation breathing signal up to 60 cm and
correct breathing rate up to 100 cm.
■ Fast update
■ The proposed system is a real-time design with an
■ Flexible deployment
output rate of 5 reading per second
CAF Mapping With Batch Processing
■ CAF mapping is
used for searching
the target’s range Experiment Layout
and Doppler
information
■ Batch processing
can reduce the
computational power
■ Formula:
■ τ – delay
Communication Systems and Networks Research Group This work is supported by SPHERE IRC
■ fd – Doppler shift Merchant Venturers Building, funded by the UK Engineering and Physical
Woodland Road, Bristol. BS8 1TR Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).
■ - is the surveillance and reference signal received from USRP @BristolCSN | bristol.ac.uk/engineering/research/csn
Yi-Pin Lu
Yi-Pin Lu received his bachelor’s degree in ESS from National Tsing Hua University in Hsinchu in 2002 and his master’s degree in electrical
engineering from National Taiwan University (NTU) in Taipei in 2005. He has worked at Himax and Retronix (subsidiary of Renesas Electronics)
for five years as a digital circuit design engineer for digital TV SOC solutions. From 2012 to 2013, he was an intern at Broadcom Inc. His research
interests include MIMO detection algorithms and architectures, signal processing for digital communications, wireless multimedia streaming
systems design, and digital integrated circuit design. In 2016, he received his doctorate degree from the NTU Graduate Institute of Electronics
Engineering under the guidance of Tzi-Dar Chiueh for his research on next-generation wireless video streaming and prototyping using the
FlexRIO SDR platform.
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An Implementation of a Fountain Code-Based MIMO-OFDM Receiver
for Real-Time Wireless Video Streaming
Professor: Tzi-Dar Chiueh, MicroSystem Research Lab., Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University
Student: Yi-Pin Lu, Yi-Feng Cheng, and Wei Lan
Objective Design and Implementation of the Wireless Real-Time Wireless Video Streaming
Providing a prototype for how a real-time wireless video streaming Video Streaming System Prototype Powered by NI Products
system that includes low-latency RaptorQ code will function.
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ULLA-X: A Programmatic Middleware Enabling Large-Scale
and Distributed Wireless Experimentation
Avishek Patra, Andreas Achtzehn, and Marina Petrova
Institute for Networked Systems RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
Motivation Architecture
The control and automation of wireless experimentation can be tedious. The ULLA-X core interacts with user
It often slows down researchers and practitioners aiming to evaluate new applications through a standard network
algorithms and RF designs in distributed and large-scale setups. protocol. It schedules monitoring tasks,
collects device statistics, and reacts to
Wireless systems research in particular often requires pervasive
state changes based on trigger events.
reconfiguration capabilities, but is hampered by heterogeneous control
facilities and domain-specific control tools. The core connects to the different
radio systems through vendor-specific
We aim to bridge this pertinent gap with a new middleware that
connector modules that transform read
enables network-based control through easily accessible, generic,
and write statements into the respective
and powerful interfaces.
query and configuration commands. For
integrating reference design specifics,
Our Proposal simple description and configuration files
We propose ULLA-X, a middleware that: are employed.
■ Resides in between custom user applications and technology- ULLA-X offers advanced management
dependent radio implementations capabilities, or example auto discovery
and distributed control schemes.
■ Provides easy, generic, and centralized access to lower layer
configurations for higher layer research applications
■ Enables the automation of recurring configuration and logging tasks
with automatic event handling
■ Offers a domain-specific declarative programming language that
allows users to specify tasks in a unified and simple manner
ULLA-X and NI Products
Through connectors for the NPSV
subsystem of LabVIEW, ULLA-X
integrates seamlessly into the NI
products ecosystem.
Controls for new and existing reference
designs can be easily made accessible
through exposure in the LabVIEW design
software. This allows for rapid prototyping
with custom radio reference designs.
In recent demonstrations, we have shown
the wide application space of ULLA-X, for
example by simultaneously monitoring
and reconfiguring USRP-2952R devices
acting as IEEE 802.11 transceivers and
FlexRIO-controlled NI 5791 RF front ends
emulating LTE.
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Forward Collision Vehicular Radar With IEEE 802.11:
Feasibility Demonstration Through Measurements
Enoch R. Yeh, Robert C. Daniels, and Robert W. Heath, Jr. | Wireless Networking and Communications Group
The University of Texas at Austin
Optimization Performance via Design, Multitarget Localization, Extensions for Pedestrian Targets,
Compact Vehicular Implementation and Design
References: Acknowledgements:
[NTSB15] “Use of Forward Collision Avoidance Systems to Prevent and Mitigate Rear-End Crashes,” National Transportation Safety Board, 2015. This research was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Transportation through the Data-Supported Transportation Operations and
[CB87] N. Currie and C. Brown, Principles and applications of millimeter-wave radar, Artech House, 1987. Planning (D-STOP) Tier 1 University Transportation Center and by the Texas Department of Transportation under Project 0-6877 entitled
[JD08] Daniel Jiang and Luca Delgrossi, “IEEE 802.11p: Towards an international standard for wireless access in vehicular environments,” in “Communications and Radar-Supported Transportation Operations and Planning (CAR-STOP)”. Dr. Daniels is also with Kuma Signals, LLC. National Instruments ni.com/sdr | 19
Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2008, pp. 2036–2040.
USER PROFILE
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Diversity and Coexistence Within Smart Grid Communications
Prof. Brian L. Evans, Wireless Networking and Communications Group, The University of Texas at Austin
Students: Ms. Ghadi Sebaali and Mr. Junmo Sung
Current Collaborators: Prof. Naofal Al-Dhahir (UT Dallas) and Mr. Mostafa Sayed (UT Dallas)Past Collaborators: Dr. Jing Lin (Qualcomm),
Dr. Marcel Nassar (Samsung), Dr. Aditya Chopra (NI)
Sponsors: Semiconductor Research Corporation GRC under Task Id 1836.133 (from Freescale and Texas Instruments)
Focus
Neighborhood-area smart utility network between a data concentrator ■ Nonidentical channel, noise, and interference statistics
and smart meters along two paths ■ Maximal ratio combining is a maximum likelihood optimal technique
for AWGN
■ OFDM transmission with 256 subchannels and BPSK modulation
■ 0.4 MHz sample rate
■ Wireless link noise model: Gaussian mixture with two components
■ PLC noise model: cyclostationary noise
Project Components
■ Interference mitigation
■ PLC/wireless diversity
■ Coexistence mechanisms 2.3. Testbed
■ PLC/wireless testbed
■ A real-time hardware/software testbed for wired MIMO OFDM
communication
Current Work ■ Algorithms evaluated: bit allocation, time equalization, far-end
■ Add simultaneous wireless communication to the PLC testbed crosstalk cancellation (zero-forcing and successive interference)
■ Evaluate communication performance versus complexity trade-offs
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A Flexible Millimeter-Wave Channel Sounder With Absolute Timing
George R. MacCartney Jr., Shu Sun, and Theodore S. Rappaport (Advisor)
I. Channel Sounder Transmitter III. Channel Sounder Receiver IV. Dynamic Human Blocking Measurements
■ FPGA–generated PN sequence via leap-forward linear feedback shift ■ IQ baseband acquisition with NI-5771R and PXIe-7966R FlexRIO ■ NI-based channel sounder allows for high-speed acquisition of
register state machine with PXIe-7966R FlexRIO FPGA FPGA for high-speed continuous acquisition into DRAM periodic PDPs to understand channel dynamics and human blocking
■ 200 Mcps to 500 Mcps ! 400 MHz to 1 GHz RF null-to-null bandwidth ■ Real-Time undilated power delay profiles (PDPs) attenuation over short time frames
■ Current system can record 41,000 consecutive PDPs in a minimum
■ Option for time-dilated PDPs via traditional sliding correlation method
TX System Block Diagram period of 32.752 µs with a multipath time resolution of 2 ns
■ Absolute propagation delay PDPs with synchronized Rubidium ■ Measurements (41-49) conducted with human blocker walking
references via 1 PPS and time-based digital trigger with PXI trigger lines perpendicular to LOS point-to-point link (5 m T-R separation distance)
■ Automatic azimuth sweeps and linear track sweeps at 0.5 m increments from 0.5 m to 4.5 m
■ Sliding correlator oscilloscope AGC control and live feedback for
acquisitions outside linear range
■ Future Work:
■ Control of TX from RX over WiFi
■ Estimate channel Doppler
■ Full AGC control
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In-Band Full-Duplex Radio Transceiver Architecture for 5G Mobile Handsets
Supervisors: Professor Mark Beach and John Haine , Dr Kevin Morris
Researcher Students: Mr Leo Laughlin and Mr ,Chunqing (Jack) Zhang
Communications Systems and Networks Group, University of Bristol
cancellation signal
■ Implement self-interference cancellation using low cost, small form ■ Suitable for small form factor multiband mobile devices: requires just
factor implementation technologies to enable in-band full duplex one antenna, can be implemented using low cost technologies
operation in mobile devices.
■ Can be tuned over wide frequency ranges
Traditionally, co-channel self-interference has been avoided: TDD and
FDD avoid self-interference using separate channels for Tx and Rx.
Hardware Prototype
■ Signal processing for cancellation and hardware control
implemented in LabView
■ Interfaced with 2x Vector Signal Transceivers which
implement Tx, Rx, and cancellation signal generation
Instead, self-interference can be cancelled to enable
In-band Full Duplex
Communication Systems and Networks Research Group [1] L. Laughlin, et. al., “Passive and active electrical balance duplexers,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: This work is supported by
Merchant Venturers Building, Express Briefs., vol. 63, no. 1. EPSRC (EP/I028153/1), the National Instruments ni.com/sdr | 25
Woodland Road, Bristol. BS8 1TR [2] L. Laughlin, et. al., “A widely tunable full duplex transceiver combining electrical balance isolation and active analog University of Bristol, and u-blox.
@BristolCSN | bristol.ac.uk/engineering/research/csn cancellation,” in Proc. VTC 2015 Glasgow, May 2015.
USER PROFILE
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Flexible GFDM FPGA Implementation With Support to Run-Time Reconfiguration
Martin Danneberg, Nicola Michailow and Prof. Dr. Gerhard Fettweis–Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology
FPGA Implementation
Further Reading
1] N. Michailow et. al, “Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing for 5th Generation Cellular
Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 3045–3061, 2014.
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An LTE-Based Wideband Distributed Spectrum Sharing Architecture
Mingming Cai (mcai@nd.edu) and J. Nicholas Laneman (jnl@nd.edu) University of Notre Dame
Scenario Considered
System Architecture
Physical Layer Structure
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Full Duplex SISO/MIMO Radios
MinKeun Chung, Min Soo Sim, Dong Ku Kim, Chan-Byoung Chae
Objective
■ Prototyping a real-time full duplex SISO / MIMO radio system for
5G wireless networks
■ Practical throughput doubling achievement
M. K. Chung, M. Sim, J. Kim, D.-K. Kim, and C.-B. Chae, “Prototyping Real-Time Full Duplex
Radios,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 56-63, Sep. 2015.
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High-Throughput FPGA Architectures for Channel Coding
Swapnil Mhaske, Predrag Spasojevic, Rutgers University
Hojin Kee, Tai Ly, Ahsan Aziz, National Instruments
coding further reduced ■ Computes BER by comparing FPGA output to ■ HLS provides SCTL implementation
processing
known input ■ USRP-2953R used for real-world verification
■ Cycle-accurate comparison of single-cycle Timed of wireless systems
Loop (SCTL) output with host simulation output
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Toucan Wireless SDN Testbed: A Multitechnology Platform
Supervisors: Professor Mark Beach & Dr Angela Doufexi
Researchers: Dr. Li Li & Mr. Imad Al-Samman
Communication Systems and Networks Group, University of Bristol
Future Work
■ Design wireless resource description model, resource abstraction & virtualization
■ Integration with mmWave and LiFi test-beds
■ Implement SDN applications: wireless resource management, roaming in multi-domain, traffic offloading
Communication Systems and Networks Research Group This work is supported by EPSRC grant (EP/L020009/1):
Merchant Venturers Building, Towards Ultimate Convergence of All Networks (TOUCAN).
Woodland Road, Bristol. BS8 1TR
@BristolCSN | @ToucanNetwork | toucan-network.ac.uk/
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Interference Management in LTE-Based NI Testbed
Supervisors: Professors Mark Beach and Andrew Nix, Dr. Robert Piechocki
Researchers. Mr. Yue Tian and Dr. Vaia Kalokidou
Communication Systems and Networks Group, University of Bristol