CRANIAL

1. FRONTAL BONE – čeona kost

2. PARIETAL BONE – tjemena kost
3. TEMPORAL BONE – sljepoočna kost
4. OCCIPITAL BONE – zatiljna kost
5. SPHENOID BONE – klinasta kost (wedge = klin)
6. ETHMOID BONE – rešetnica; etmoidna kost (ethm/o=sieve=sito, rešeto)

FACIAL
1. NASAL BONES – nosne kosti
2. LACRIMAL BONES – suzne kosti
3. MAXILLARY BONES – maksilarne kosti (gornja čeljust)
4. MANDIBULAR BONE (MANDIBLE) – donja čeljust
5. ZYGOMATIC BONES – sponične, zigomatične, jagodične kosti
6. VOMER – ralo, lemeš

ARM
1. HUMERUS – upper arm bone – nadlaktična kost
2. ULNA – medial lower arm bone – lakatna kost
3. RADIUS – lateral lower arm bone – palčana kost
4. CARPALS – wrist bones – karpalne kosti
5. METACARPALS – five radiating bones to the fingers (hand bones) – metakarpalne kosti
6. PHALANGES – finger bones – članci prsta

LEG
1. FEMUR – thigh bone – bedrena kost
2. PATELLA – kneecap – patela, iver
3. TIBIA – larger of two lower bones - goljenična kost
4. FIBULA – smaller of two lower bones – lisna kost
5. TARSALS – ankle bones – zastoplje/kost korijena stopala
6. METATARSALS – lead to the phalanges of the toes (foot bones) – sredostoplje/metatarzalna kost
7. PHALANGES OF THE TOES – 2 in the big toe; 3 in other four toes – članak nožnog prsta

TYPE OF JOINTS:

1. IMMOVABLE – suture joints (skull bones)

2. PARTIALLY MOVABLE –between the vertebrae
3. FREELY MOVABLE –synovial joints (ball and socket type – hip joint; hinge type – elbow, knee,
ankle joint)

Ligaments – anchor the bones together around the joint capsule to strengthen it.
The surface of the bones at the joint is covered with a smooth cartilage surface called the articular
catilage(zglobna hrskavica)
The synovial fluid contains water and nutrients – nourish and lubricate the joints – friction is minimal
TYPES OF MUSCLE

1. STRIATED (voluntary, skeletal muscle): controlled by Somatic Nervous System

2. SMOOTH (visceral muscle): controlled by the Autonomic Nervous System
3. CARDIAC (a cross between the smooth and striated muscle):controlled by the Autonomic Nervous
System

MAJOR PARTS OF CELL

1. CELL MEMBRANE
2. NUCLEUS
3. CHROMOSOMES (DNA)
4. CYTOPLASM (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum)

MAJOR TYPES OF CELL

1. MUSCLE CELLS – long, slender

2. EPITHELIAL CELLS – square, flat
3. NERVE CELLS – quite long, have various fibrous extensions
4. FAT CELLS – large empty spaces for fat storage

TYPES OF TISSUE

1. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
2. MUSCLE TISSUE
3. CONNECTIVE TISSUE (adipose /fat/ tissue, cartilage, bone, blood)
4. NERVE TISSUE

ORGANS

1. GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM:
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

2. URINARY SYSTEM:
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

4. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:
female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

5. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands,
adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands,
pineal gland, thymus gland
6. NERVOUS SYSTEM:
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collection of nerves

7. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

8. MUSCULAR SYSTEM:
muscles

9. SKELETAL SYSTEM:
bones and joints

10. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

skin, hair, nails and associated glands

Dorsal Body Cavities:

1. CRANIAL
2. SPINAL

Ventral Body Cavities:

1.THORACIC
2. ABDOMINAL
3. PELVIC

FUNCTIONS
1. Providing framework
2. Protect and support internal organs
3. Movement
4. Energy storage
5. Blood cell production

Opposites
Afferent-Efferent
Anterior(Ventral)-Posterior(Dorsal)-Central
Deep-Superficial
Distal-Promixal
Inferior(Caudal)-Superior(Cephalic)
Lateral-Medial
Supine-Prone