SACRED HEART SCHOOL,

Moga, Punjab
STD X-A,B,C DOE – 05/10/2015
SUB: Chemistry –Science Paper -2 Duration :2 hrs Max. Marks: 80]
Answer to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
Section –I is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from Section-II.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets. [ ]

[solutions]
SECTION-I [40 MARKS]
QUESTION:1
(a) Choose the most appropriate answer:
(i) Identify the chemical reaction that produces chalky white precipitate. [1]
[A] MgCl2 + 2NH4OH → 2NH4Cl + Mg(OH)2
[B] Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH → 2NH4NO3 + Pb(OH)2
[C] FeSO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + Fe(OH)2
[D] Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O
Ans : [B] Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH → 2NH4NO3 + Pb(OH)2

(ii) Which metals are extracted by the process of electrolysis? [1]

[A] Metals in the bottom of the activity series.
[B] Metals in the top of the activity series.
[C] Metals in the middle of the activity series.
[D] Metals below hydrogen in the activity series.
Ans [B] Metals in the top of the activity series.

(iii) 2. Which one of the substance is added to the ore to get rid of matrix? [1]
[A] Mineral.
[B] Gangue.
[C] Flux
[D] Slag.
Ans [C] Flux

(iv) Two containers P and Q of equal volume (1L each) contain 6gm of O2 and SO2
respectively at 300K and 1atm pressure. Then; [1]
[A] no. of molecules in P is less than that in Q.
[B] no. of molecules in Q is less than that in P.
[C] no. of molecules in both P and Q are same.
[D] no. of atoms in both P and Q are same.
Ans [C] no. of molecules in both P and Q are same.

(v) Which of the following chemical reagent is not related to the laboratory preparation of
ammonia? [1]
[A] Calcium hydroxide
[B] Ammonium chloride.
[C] Metal nitrides.
[D] Zinc sulphate.
Ans [D] Zinc sulphate.

(b) Give reasons as to why:

(i) why nitric acid kept in glass bottle appears yellowish? [1]
Ans. Because some part of nitric acid decompose into nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and water
(H2O) which dissolves in the remaining part of nitric acid (HNO3) therefore it appears
yellowish.
4HNO3 thermal decomposition  2H2O + 4NO2 + O2 [optional]

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 SACRED HEART SCHOOL,
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(ii) why ammonia is used as refrigerant? [1]
Ans. because it does not harm environment.
It has superior thermodynamic qualities , so ammonia used in refrigeration system uses less
electricity. Recognizable odour and so leaks can be detected easily.

(iii) alloys are preferred to pure meals? [1]

Ans. alloys are much stronger and corrosion resistant than pure metals.

(iv) The electrolysis of acidulated water is considered to be an example of catalysis? [1]

Ans because pure water is not a good conductor of electricity. To increase the conductivity,
some amount of acid is added into water which act as catalyst.

(v) anode terminal need to be replaced during extraction of aluminium? [1]

Ans. because during extraction of aluminium anode terminal gets oxidised by the oxygen
produced at anode terminal. So slowly it consumed with the passage of time forming CO
and CO2. [optional: 2C+ O2  2CO, 2CO + O2  2CO2]

(c) Name the gas evolved in each of the following:

(i) The gas produced when metal sulphite is treated with dilute nitric acid. [1]
Ans. sulphur dioxide (SO2)

(ii) A gas produced as a reaction of aluminium with boiling concentrated caustic alkali
solution. [1]
Ans. Hydrogen (H2)

(iii) A gas produced when excess of ammonia reacts with chlorine. [1]
Ans. Nitrogen (N2)

(iv) . [1]
Ans. Oxygen (O2)

(v) ammonia is burnt in presence of oxygen in a test tube? [1]

Ans. Nitrogen (N2)

(d) Answer the following questions:

(i) The substance is an alloy of zinc, copper and tin [1]
Ans. Bronze

(ii) Name a metal which is found abundantly in the earth’s crust. [1]
Ans Aluminium (Al)

(iii) The law which deals with the ratio of the volumes of the gaseous reactants and products
[1]
Ans. Gay Lussac law

(iv) Nesslers reagent is used to test which ion? [1]

Ans. ammonium ion

(v) What is the vapour density of SO2 gas? [1]

Ans. molwt =2 x VD , VD = 64/2 = 32.

(e) What would you observe in each of the following cases:

(i) When copper is heated with concentrated nitric acid in a hard glass test tube [1]
Ans. a reddish brown gas(NO2) will be observed.

(ii) copper sulphate solution reacts with excess of ammonium hydroxide [1]
Ans. pale blue ppt of copper hydroxide will be observed which will be soluble in excess of
ammonium hydroxide solution and will form deep blue colour solution of tetramine copper
sulphate.
(iii) ammonia is not a supporter of combustion. It extinguishes a burning splint and does not
burn in air. It burns in oxygen with _________________ flame. [1]
Ans. yellowish green flame.

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 SACRED HEART SCHOOL,
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(iv) A few crystals of KNO3 are heated in a hard glass test tube. [1]
Ans. a colourless gas is evolved out and a crystalline substance will melt into colourless
liquid of potassium nitrite (KNO2)

(v) Ammonia gas is passed over lead oxide? [1]

Ans. a greyish colour metallic lead will be observed.

(f) Write the balanced chemical equation for each of the following cases:
(i) Aluminium nitride is reacted with water? [1]
Ans. AlN + 3H2O Al (OH)3 + NH3 

(ii) ammonia gas reacts with excess of chlorine [1]

Ans. NH3 + 3Cl2 (excess)  NCl3 + 3HCl

(iii) action of heat on calcium nitrate ? [1]

Ans. 2Ca(NO3)2   2CaO + 4NO2 + O2

(iv) copper is reacted with concentrated nitric acid? [1]

Ans. Cu+ 4HNO3 (conc)  Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

(v) Ferric oxide is reacted with carbon monoxide in a blast furnace? [1]
Ans. Fe2O3 + 3CO  2Fe + 3CO2

(g) Fill in the blanks from the choices given below: [5]
[ Anions, anode, cathode, cations, electrode, electrolyte, nickel, voltameter, dilute sulphuric acid,
protons, neutrons, electrons, ions, atoms, graphite, sulphur, silicon, lead, gallium, zinc]

1. To electroplate an article with nickel requires an (i) electrolyte which must be a solution
containing (ii) Nickel ions and a small amount of (iii) sulphuric acid . The article to be plated
is placed at the (iv) cathode of the cell in which plating is carried out. The (v) Anode of the cell
is made from pure nickel. The ions that are attracted to the negative electrode and discharged are
called (vi) cation.

2. Metals conduct electricity by the flow of (vii) electrons and electrolytes conduct electricity by
the flow of (viiii) ions .

3. A non metal which is good conductor of electricity (ix) Graphite. While metal which is
brittle in nature Zinc .

(h) Match the column A with column B [5]

Column A Column B
(i) Ammonium chloride (a) lone pair of electrons
(ii) Carbon tetrachloride (b) dative bond
(iii) ammonia (c) contain all type of bonds
(iv) Hydronium ion (d) contain only molecules
(v) ethene (e) contain triple covalent bond
(f) contain double covalent bonds.
Ans i(c), ii (d), iii (a), iv (b) , v (f)

SECTION-II [40 MARKS]

Attempt any four questions from this Section.

QUESTION:2
(a) (i) Name the chief ore of aluminium. [1]
Ans. Bauxite

(ii) Name the process used to concentrate the above mentioned ore. [1]
Ans. Baeyer’s process

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 SACRED HEART SCHOOL,
Moga, Punjab
(iii) Why is cryolite added to alumina in the electrolytic reduction of aluminium? [1]
Ans. to lower down the fusion temperature of alumina from 20500C to 9500C

(iv) Give cathode and anode reactions involved in the electrolytic reduction of aluminium
from its above mentioned ore? [2]
3+ -
Cathode: 4Al + 12e  4Al [1]
Anode: 6O2- -12e-  3O2 [1]

(b) Write the main constituent metal in the following alloys: [3]

(i) Brass ans. copper (Cu) and zinc (main : Cu)

(ii) Solder ans. lead (Pb) and tin (Sn) [main: Pb]

(iii) Stainless steel ans. iron(Fe), Manganese (Mn), carbon (C) [main : Fe]

(c) Find the odd one out and explain your choice: [2]

(i) Iron, Gallium, Copper, Tin

ans. Gallium: because in comparison to others it has low melting point. [1]

(ii) Calcium, Copper, Magnesium, Zinc,

Ans. Zinc: because it is brittle metal rest of other are not.

QUESTION:3
(a) when gas C is mixed with gas B, dense white fumes are seen. name the gas C and write the
reaction. [1]
Ans. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas or ammonia (NH3)
NH3+ HCl  NH4Cl

(b) Name the refrigerant which depletes the ozone layer and also contribute to global warming.
[1]
Ans. chlorofluorocarbons/ Freon

(c) Name the fertiliser prepared from ammonia which is also used as explosive? [1]
Ans. ammonium nitrate

(d) If 6 litres of hydrogen and and 5.6 litres of chlorine are mixed and exploded , what will be the
composition by volume of the resulting gaseous mixture? [atomic mass of H=1, Cl =35.5 ][3]
H2 + Cl2  2HCl
1 vol 1vol 2 vol
1 vol of Cl2 requires H2 =1vol
5.6lt of Cl2 requires H2 =5.6 lt
Therefore excess H2= 6-5.6 = 0.4 lt
Therefore Cl2 is limiting reagent.
1 vol of Cl2 produces HCl = 2vol
5.6 lt of Cl2 produces HCl = 2x 5.6 lt
Therefore composition of mixture: 11.2 lt of HCl , 0.4lt of H2 (unreacted)

(e) Calculate the percentage of nitrogen , hydrogen , oxygen in ammonium sulphate? [given
atomic mass of N= 14, H= 1, S=32, O=16] [2]
Ans. Molecular mass of ammonium sulphate = 2 (14+4) +32+ 64 =132
%age N = mass of N x100 = 28 x100 = 21.21%
Molecular mass of ammonium sulphate 132
%age H = mass of H x100 = 8 x100 = 06.06%
Molecular mass of ammonium sulphate 132

%age O = mass of O x100 = 64 x100 = 48.48%

Molecular mass of ammonium sulphate 132

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 SACRED HEART SCHOOL,
Moga, Punjab
(iii) Calculate the no. of gram molecule of water in 4.5 g of water? [1]
Ans. molecular formula of water = 2+16= 18
18g of water = 1gmolecule
Therefore 1g of water = 1/18 gmolecule
4.5g of water = (1/18) x 4.5 = 0.25 g molecule

(iv) Calculate the no. of molecules in 4.25 g of ammonia? [1]

Ans. molecular mass of ammonia = 17
17g NH3 contains = 6x1023 molecules
1g NH3 contains = 6x1023 molecules
17
4.25g NH3 contains = 6x1023 x 4.25 = 1.50x 1023 molecules
17

QUESTION:4
(a) Differentiate between Calcination and Roasting ? [2]

Calcination
Process of heating an ore in the absence of
air or oxygen.
Carbonate ores are calcinated.
Organic impurities are removed.
roasting
Process of heating an ore in the presence of
air or oxygen below its melting point.
Sulphide ores are roasted.
Volatile impurities are removed.

(b) Which ores are concentrated by froth flotation process? What is the principle behind froth
flotation process? [2]
Ans. sulphide ores are concentrated by froth flotation process.
Principle: it depends upon the preferential wettability of the ore by oil and the gangue
particles by water.

(c) Write the name of the metal to which ore corundum, belongs? [1]
Ans Aluminium (Al)

(d) Following questions are related to Ostwald process:

(i) Name the catalyst used in Ostwald process? [1]

Ans. Platinum (Pt)

(ii) why quartz is used in absorption tower of Ostwald process? [1]

Ans because quartz provides large surface area for absorption and it is not affected/
reacted with nitric acid.

(iii) Brown gas obtained in oxidation chamber? [1]

Ans. nitrogen dioxide gas(NO2)

(e) Calculate the volume of oxygen required for the complete [2]
combustion of 8.8 g of propane (C3H8). (Atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16, H = 1,
Molar volume = 22.4 dm3 at stp)
Ans. C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O
44g 5x22.4lts= 112dm3
We know :
44g (1mol) of C3H8 requires O2= 112dm3
1g of C3H8 requires O2 = (112/ 44) dm3
8.8g of C3H8 requires O2 = (112/ 44) x 8.8 = 22.4 dm3

QUESTION:5
Q1. Write the balanced chemical reaction involved in aluminothermy which is used widely in
filling the cracks in railway lines? [1]
Ans. Aluminothermy:
2Al + Fe2O3  2Fe + Al2O3

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 SACRED HEART SCHOOL,
Moga, Punjab
Q2. Give a chemical test to distinguish between : [2]
(a) Ferric salt and ferrous salt
Ans. on addition of sodium hydroxide solution t both salts solution:
Ferrous salts will give dirty green ppt whereas ferric salt gives reddish brown ppt.

(b) ammonium chloride and sodium chloride

Ans. on addition of caustic soda solution of both salts of NaCl and NH4Cl .
NaCl does not gives any reaction whereas NH4Cl produces a colourless pungent smelling
gas ammonia.

Q3. The diagram shows an experimental set up for the laboratory preparation of a pungent
smelling gas. The gas is alkaline in nature [5]

(i) Name the gas collected in the jar.

Ans. Ammonia (NH3)

(ii) Write the balanced equation for the above preparation.

Ans 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2  CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3

(iii) How is the gas being collected?

Ans By downward displacement of air.

(iv) Name the dying agent used.

Ans, Quick lime (CaO)
(v) How will you find that the jar is full of gas?
Ans. By bringing a glass rod dipped into hydrochloric acid near to the mouth of gas it gives
white dense fumes of ammonium chloride.

Q4. (i) What is the special feature of the apparatus that is used in the laboratory preparation of
nitric acid? [1]
Ans. Full apparatus is made up of glass.
(ii) Why should the temperature of the reaction mixture of nitric acid not be allowed to rise
above 2000C? [1]
Ans. because if temperature is greater than 2000C, the product formed ishard and sticky to
the glass apparatus and can destroy it for further use.

QUESTION:6
Qa. Define empirical formula: write empirical formula for acetic acid ? [1]
Ans1. It is simplest formula which gives the simplest ratio of atoms of different elements
present in a molecule of compound.
For acetic acid (CH3COOH): CH2O
Qb. 4.5 moles of calcium carbonate are reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid?
(i) What is the mass of 4.5 moles of calcium carbonate? [1]
Ans. CaCO3+ 2HCl  CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
4.5moles
1mole CaCO3=mol mass of CaCO3= 100g

(ii) What is the volume of Carbon dioxide liberated at STP? [1]

1mole of CaCO3 = 100g
4.5 moles of CaCO3 = 100 x 4.5 = 450g
1mole of CaCO3 produces CO2= 22.4 dm3

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 SACRED HEART SCHOOL,
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4.5mole of CaCO3 produces CO2= 22.4x4.5 = 100.8 dm3

(iii) How many moles of Hydrochloric acid are used in this reaction? [1]
1mole of CaCO3 requires HCl = 2moles
4.5mole of CaCO3 requires HCl = 2x4.5 =9 moles

(iv) what is the masses of product formed [1]

[given atomic mass of Ca=40, C=12, O=16, H= 1, Cl= 35.5, ]
1mole of CaCO3= 1mole CaCl2 = mol mass of CaCl2 = 111g
4.5mole of CaCO3= 4.5mole CaCl2 = 111x4.5 = 499.5g

1mole of CaCO3=1mole H2O = mol mass of H2O = 18g

4.5mole of CaCO3=4.5mole H2O = 18x4.5 = 81g

1mole of CaCO3= 1mole CO2 = mol mass of CO2 = 44g

4.5mole of CaCO3= 4.5mole CO2 = 44x4.5 =198g

Qc. Calculate the mass of 1022 atoms of Sulphur ?

Ans. Considering sulphur exists as S8 atom:
6.023x1023 molecules of (S8) = molecular mass = 32x8= 256g
1molecule of S8 = 256/ (6.023x1023)
8atoms of S atoms =256/ (6.023x1023)
1atoms of S atoms =256/ (6.023x1023)
1022 atoms of Sulphur =256 x1022/ (6.023x1023)x8 = 256/(80x6.023) = 0.531g
[1]
Qd. During the electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate solution using
platinum as cathode and carbon as anode:

(i) What do you observe at the cathode and at the anode? [1]
Ans. cathode: reddish brown copper will be deposited
At anode: a colourless gas oxygen will be evolved/ liberated.

(ii) What change is noticed in the electrolyte? [1]

Ans. the colour of electrolyte will change from blue to light blue or it fades slowly.

(iii) Write the reactions at the cathode and at the anode. [1]
Ans. cathode: Cu2+ +2e-  Cu
At anode: 4OH- - 4e-  4OH
2OH + 2OH 2H2O + 3O2

Qe. Write the balanced catalysed chemical reaction for preparation of ammonia from Haber’s
process with suitable calatalyst and promoter? [1]
Ans,. N2 + 3H2 Fe/Mo, 200atm, 4500C  2NH3 + heat

QUESTION:7.
(i) A compound has the following percentage composition by mass: carbon 14.4%, hydrogen
1.2% and chlorine 84.5%. Determine the empirical formula of this compound. Work correct to 1
decimal place. (atomic mass H=1, C=12, Cl= 35.5) [3]
Element %age At. Mass Atomic ratio Simplest ratio
composition
C 14.4 12 14.4/12=1.2 1.2/1.2=1
H 1.2 1 1.2/1=1.2 1.2/1.2=1
Cl 84.5 35.5 84.5/35.5=2.38 2.38/2= 1.9=2
Therefore empirical formula: CHCl2

(ii) From the equation : [2]

C + 2H2SO4  CO2 + 2H2O + 2SO2
(a) Calculate the mass of Carbon oxidised by 49g of sulphuric acid?
Ans. C + 2H2SO4  CO2 + 2H2O + 2SO2
1mol 2 mol 1mol 2mol 2mol
12 2x98

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196g H2SO4 can oxidised C =12g
1g H2SO4 can oxidised C =12/196 g
49g H2SO4 can oxidised C =12x49/196 = 3g

(b) the volume of SO2 measured at STP. (atomic mass H=1, C=12, S= 32)
196g H2SO4 can produces SO2 on reaction with carbon =2 x22.4 = 44.8 dm3
1g H2SO4 can produces SO2 on reaction with carbon = 44.8/196 dm3
49g H2SO4 can produces SO2 on reaction with carbon = (44.8/196) x 49 = 11.2 dm3

(iii) Copper sulphate solution is electrolysed using copper electrodes.

Study the diagram given below and answer the question that follows

(a) Which electrode to your left or right is known as the oxidising electrode and why? [2]
Ans. left electrode is oxidising electrode , because at this electrode anions discharge by loss
of electrons. So oxidation occurs at this electrode

(b) Write the equation representing the reaction that occurs. [1]
At anode; Cu- 2e-  Cu2+

(c) State two appropriate observation for the above electrolysis reaction [1]
Ans. during electrolysis of copper sulphate, reddish brown copper metal deposited at
cathode terminal and blue colour of electrolyte do not fades with passage of time and anode
terminal vanish slowly with passage of time.

(iv) The following questions relate to the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis:

Explain why is it necessary to renew the anode periodically? [1]

Ans. aluminium is collected at bottom of the tank because inner lining of electrolytic tank is
negatively charges and behaves as cathode terminal therefore aluminium ions discharge on
the inner lining of the tank and being heavy metal it is collected at bottom of the vessel.

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