Chapter 8 Objectives

Describe the two types Identify various stand-alone

of software operating systems

Understand the startup process Identify various network

for a personal computer operating systems

Recognize devices that use

Chapter 8 Describe the term user interface
Operating Systems Explain features common to
and Utility most operating systems
Programs Know the difference between
stand-alone operating systems
and network operating systems
embedded operating systems
Discuss the purpose of the
following utilities: file viewer,
file compression, diagnostic,
uninstaller, disk scanner, disk
defragmenter, backup, and
screen saver

Next
p.8.2

Operating Systems Operating Systems

What is an operating system (OS)? What are the functions of an operating system?
• Set of programs
that coordinates all
activities among
computer
hardware
resources
Operating Next

System p.8.3 Fig. 8-1

‰ start
‰ start up
up the
the computer
computer ‰ monitor
‰ monitor performance
performance ‰ manage
‰ manage memory
memory
and
and provide
provide housekeeping
housekeeping ‰ manage programs
‰ administer
‰ administer security
security ‰ manage programs
Next services
services
‰ control
‰ control aa network
network ‰ provide
‰ provide user
user interface
interface
p.8.3 ‰schedule jobs
‰schedule jobs and
and
‰ access
‰ access the
the Web
Web configure
configure devices
devices

Operating Systems Operating Systems

Where is the operating system located? What is a cross-platform application?
• One that runs identically on multiple operating
systems

operating system
resides on ROM
in handhelds runs on
Windows 95,
98, 2000,
ME, and XP
operating system
resides on hard
Next disk in most Next
p.8.3 cases p.8.4 Fig. 8-2

1
 Operating System Operating System
Functions Functions
What is booting? What messages display on the screen when you boot
the computer?
• Process of starting or restarting a computer
BIOS version and
copyright notice
total amount of
cold boot memory
Process of turning on a devices detected
computer after it has been
powered off completely
warm boot and tested

Process of restarting a Windows

computer that is already message
powered on sound card and
CD-ROM drivers
loaded
Next Next
p.8. 4 p.8.4 Fig. 8-3

Operating System Operating System

Functions Functions
How does a Step 3: BIOS
personal checks components
such as mouse,
computer Step 1
keyboard CD-ROM drive

boot up? connectors, and

1: Power supply expansion cards
sends signal to Step 2 Processor processor

components in
system unit Step 3
BIOS

BIOS
2: The processor
accesses BIOS to expansion cards
start computer

Next Next
p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4 p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Operating System Operating System

Functions Functions
Step 4: Results of Step 5: BIOS looks
POST are for system files in floppy disk drive
compared to data drive A (floppy disk
in the CMOS chip CD-ROM drive drive) and then CD-ROM drive

CMOS drive C (hard disk) CMOS

Step 4
processor processor

hard disk

Drive that
Step 5
BIOS

BIOS

contains
operating
system is
expansion cards called boot expansion cards

drive
Next Next
p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4 p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

2
 Operating System Operating System
Functions Functions
Step 6: Boot Step 7: Operating system loads
program loads configuration information and
floppy disk drive
kernel of operating displays desktop on screen
system into RAM CD-ROM drive
Operating system executes
from boot drive
CMOS programs in StartUp folder
Operating system
in memory takes processor

control of computer hard disk

(RAM) memory click Start to
modules display list of
applications you
BIOS

can run
Step 6
Step 7
expansion cards

Next Next
p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4 p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Operating System Operating System

Functions Functions
What is an emergency recovery disk? What is a user interface?
• Floppy disk that contains system files that will start • Controls how you enter data and instructions and
computer when hard disk becomes damaged and how information displays on screen
computer cannot boot
• Also called repair disk, boot disk,
or rescue disk
command-line
(DOS) interface
sk r y
Di ve
co
Re

Next Next graphical (Windows)

p.8.6 Fig. 8-5 p.8.7 Fig. 8-6 interface

Operating System Operating System

Functions Functions
What is multitasking? What are other program management features of
• Allows single user to work on two or more applications operating systems?
that reside in memory at same time
• Foreground multiuser multiprocessing
contains active Operating system enables two Operating system can support
application - the foreground or more users to run a two or more processors running
foreground
one you application
application program simultaneously programs at same time
currently are
using
• Background background
background
fault-tolerant computer
applications
contains inactive applications
listedon
ontaskbar
taskbar Continues to operate even if one of its
listed
programs that components fails
Next
are running but Next Computer has duplicate components
p.8.9 Fig. 8-8
are not in use p.8.9 such as processors, memory, and
disk drives

3
 Operating System Operating System
Functions Functions
What is memory management? What is virtual memory (VM) management?
• Optimizes the use of random access memory • Operating
page swapped
page swapped out
out
(RAM) system allocates
portion of hard
disk to function disk
disk
monitors contents of like RAM (virtual
(virtual
memory memory)
memory)
allocates, or assigns, data • Paging
and instructions to area
of memory while they are • Thrashing
being processed
clears items from RAM
RAM
memory when (physical
(physical
processor no longer memory)
memory)
requires them
Next Next
p.8.10 p.8.10 Fig. 8-9

page swapped in

Operating System Operating System

Functions Functions
How does an operating system schedule jobs? What is spooling?
• Adjusts schedule based on job’s priority • Print jobs sent to buffer instead of directly to printer,
where print jobs wait their turn
print spooler
application
print job
print queue
job
An operation the transferring items
receiving processor manages from storage to
data from an
memory and from
input device
memory to storage

sending
information to processing jobs jobs
Next Next to be
an output instructions being
p.8.10 device p.8.11 Fig. 8-10 printed disk printed
server laser printer

Operating System Operating System

Functions Functions
What is a device driver? How do you install a device driver?
ControlPanel
Control Panel
• Small program that tells operating system how to ™ Use the
communicate with a device Printers and
Other
• Each device requires its
Hardware link
own specific driver
in Control
Panel
device driver
Printersand
Printers andOther
OtherHardware
Hardware
link
link

Next Next
p.8.11 p.8.12 Fig. 8-11

4
 Operating System Operating System
Functions Functions
How does an operating system monitor How does an operating system manage files?
performance?
• Provides a program, called performance monitor, that • Includes a program called file manager, such as
assesses and reports information about various system Windows Explorer
resources
and • Commands
devices include Copy,
Rename, Delete,
Move, Format, and
New Folder

Next Next
p.8.14 Fig. 8-14 p.8.14 Fig. 8-15

Operating System Operating System

Functions Functions
What is a file allocation table (FAT)? What are features of a network operating
• A table of system?
information that • Server is computer that controls access to network
operating system and provides centralized storage area
uses to locate files • Other computers on network are called clients
on a disk
client
• Reformatting disk
usually erases only
file allocation table server
and leaves actual
files on disk
Next Next
p.8. 15 p.8.15 Fig. 8-16

Operating System Operating System

Functions Functions
How do operating systems administer security? What is Active Directory (AD)?

• Most multiuser operating systems allow each user to log

on
Active Directory (AD)
Allows network
User name administrators to manage
all network information
including users, devices,
settings, and connections
from central environment
Password text box
Next Next
p.8.16 Fig. 8-17 p.8. 16

5
 Types of Operating Types of Operating
Systems Systems
What are some characteristics of operating What are
systems?
three
device-dependent
One that runs only on
categories of
device-independent
specific type of operating
computer Runs on many
proprietary software manufacturers’ systems?
Privately owned and computers
limited to specific
vendor or computer downward-compatible
model Recognizes and works
upward-compatible
with application
software written for Written for earlier version
earlier version of of operating system, but
operating system also runs with new version
Next Next
p.8.17 p.8.17 Fig. 8-18

Stand-Alone Operating Stand-Alone Operating

Systems Systems
What is DOS (Disk Operating System)? What are features of most Windows operating
• Refers to several single user operating systems systems?
developed in the early 1980s for personal
Active Registry Checker
computers Desktop™
FAT32
Taskbar/toolbars
Windows
Explorer has a Update Wizard
Web browser Increased speed
look and feel
Tune-Up Wizard Multiple display
support
commands
commands Universal
enteredby
entered by Serial Bus Hardware
user
user support
Next Next Accessibility Settings
p.8.17 p.8.18 Wizard

Stand-Alone Operating Network Operating

Systems Systems
What is Mac OS? What is UNIX?
• Multitasking operating system available only for computers • Command-line multitasking operating system
manufactured by Apple
• Apple’s Macintosh
operating system
was first
commercially
successful GUI

Next Next
p.8.21 Fig. 8-22 p.8.23 Fig. 8-24

6
 Network Operating Network Operating
Systems Systems
What is Linux? What is Solaris?
• Popular, free, open-source multitasking • UNIX-type operating system
UNIX-type operating system designed specifically for
e-commerce applications
• Open-source
software means • Can manage high-traffic accounts
code is available to • Incorporates security necessary for
the public Web transactions
• Developed by Sun Microsystems

Next Next
p.8.24 Fig. 8-25 p.8.25

Embedded Operating
Utility Programs
Systems
What is an embedded operating system? What is a utility program?
• Operating • System software that performs a specific task
system found Pocket
• Examples include:
PC 2002
on most – File viewer file 1 before
handheld – File compression defragmenting
computers and – Diagnostic utility
small devices – Uninstaller
file 1 after
• Resides on a – Disk scanner defragmenting
ROM chip – Disk defragmenter
– Backup utility
Palm OS®
– Screen saver
Next Next results of
p.8. 25 p.8.27 defragmenting a
Windows CE disk

Summary of Operating
Utility Programs Systems and Utility
What is a screen saver? Programs
• Causes monitor's screen • System software
to display a moving • Operating systems
image or blank screen if
there is no activity for a • Operating system functions
specified time period • Types of operating systems
• Prevents ghosting • Stand-alone operating systems
• Popular for security,
business, or • Network operating systems
entertainment purposes • Embedded operating systems
• Utility programs
Chapter 8 Complete
Next
p.8.31 Fig. 8-35