MANAGING THE SEA TRANSPORTATION

KELOMPOK I

NAMA : 1. MAYANTI RAJAGUKGUK 15. 8612/K

2. RUTH MELATI WIJAYA 15. 8589/K
3. RISMA AYOM SARI 15. 8639/K
4. SHAULA CATERINA HANTARI 15. 8617/K

KELAS : KALK VIII A

STIP JAKARTA
2019/2020
 FOREWORD
Praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT, the Most Merciful, we offer worship and praise
for His presence, who has bestowed His mercy, guidance and blessings on us, so that we can
complete the paper "HOW TO MANAGE SEA TRANSPORT BUSINESS" with well.
But not apart from all that, we are fully aware that there are shortcomings in terms of
both the language compiler and other aspects. Therefore we openly and openly openly to readers
who want to give suggestions and criticism to us so we can improve.
Finally the authors hope that from this paper lessons and benefits can be taken so that
they can inspire readers.

Jakarta, June 28th 2019

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 Problem Formulation
1.3 Praise of Research

II. CONTENT
2.1 Definition of sea transportation
2.2 Definition of Claims
2.3 Definition of Business
2.4 Ways that can be done for early business people

III. DISCUSSION
3.1 Ship Damage / Loss Prevention Technique
3.2 Claims Denial Factors

IV. COVER
4.1 Conclusions
4.2 Suggestions

V. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background
The need for transportation services today is very important and this can be felt by all
around the world. Transportation services include air, land, sea transportation. The function of
transportation, especially in matters of sea passenger transportation, is directed at ensuring the
availability of transportation services in adequate quality and quantity so as to help equitable
development outcomes, strengthen national unity and enhance resilience, strengthen national
unity and enhance national security in order to realize national insight Nusantara. Marine
transportation services have their own uniqueness, because sea transportation is able to move
people and goods from one place to another in large numbers.
To meet all these needs the Indonesian government sought accommodation and more
adequate transportation facilities. Especially in the field of sea transportation considering that the
islands in Indonesia are mostly connected via waters. This shows that sea transportation plays an
important role in the national transportation system.
Passenger transportation is an important part of the sea transportation business, in
addition to cargo transportation. In particular, PT Pelayaran Prima Vista has prepared a variety of
marine fleets consisting of passenger and Ro-Ro vessels that are spread throughout the
archipelago with routes or predetermined routes ready to serve Indonesian people for the needs
of sea transportation services, of course with the tariffs or passenger ticket prices that have been
set by the government. Thus, the implementation of marine transport can be better planned and
can be implemented properly by the operational part of PT Prima Vista.
Every company aims to survive and develop, this goal can only be achieved through
efforts to maintain and increase company profits and make a solid strategy to be able to use the
opportunities that exist in marketing, namely the distribution strategy (distribution).
Thus it becomes interesting to be further investigated for the author regarding the
strategies outlined in the thesis with the title chosen and fixed, namely, "Analysis of Service
Factors for Passenger Satisfaction KM. Marisa Nusantara in 2008. "
The history of “shipping business management” over last 50 years or so showed
that Academia failed to work-out a theory of strategies for maritime companies. Ship-owners, as
reactive persons, realized 3 needs after the great economies of scale in 1973, and thereafter:
better planning, better decision-making and better knowledge of shipping finance, Shipping,
however, is characterized as an indus-try lacking foresight, till the time of writing. This last
concluding sentence is de-rived mainly from our experience with Greek shipping, where e.g. no
one fore-saw the 1981-1987 depression or the end 2008 meltdown. This is so as Greeks and non-
Greeks continued to order ships till the day before the depressions knocked the door of their
business.

Ship-owners were lucky people, however, because they did not have to wait for
maritime economists to produce strategies for them. Other economists helped shipping. In
1980, “Michael Porter” advanced his strategies of cost lea-dership and specialization, among
others, both found suitable by maritime.

Shipping managers witnessed the end-2008 crisis, but being liquid from the exceptional
boom of 2003-2008, and given “China’s effect”, underestimated the 2009 crisis. They ordered
ships,many ships, as if nothing happened (100 m dwt in 2012 delivered, ordered 3 - 4 years
before, in 2009-2010). Shipping managers in front of the decadence had to adopt tactics they cut
dividends, sold ships, re-structured loans and wondered whether they did a mistake in their
chartering strategy by being in the spot market, while time charter market was better.

1.2 Problem Formulation

How to manage the sea transportation business so that the company does not suffer
losses?
1.3 Praise of Research
1. To analyze the management of the transportation business
2. To add knowledge about the transportation business
 CHAPTER 2
CONTENT
2.1 Definition of Sea Transportation
Regarding the Definition of Sea Transportation - a large dictionary discussing Indonesia
defines ships as transport vehicles for transportation and goods in the sea (rivers etc.). while in
the shipping law, vessels are defined as certain types and types of water vehicles, which are
driven by wind power, mechanical power, other energy, withdrawn or delayed, including
dynamically supported vehicles, underwater vehicles and floating buildings that are not move
around.
Islands in Indonesia can only be connected by sea between the islands. The sea is not a
separator, but unites various islands, regions and regions of Indonesia. Only through inter-island,
inter-coast, Indonesian unity can be realized. The voyage that connects the islands is the
lifeblood of life as well as unifying the nation and the State of Indonesia. The history of the
greatness of Srivijaya or Majapahit is a clear proof that the glory of a country in the archipelago
can only be achieved through the superiority of the Sea. Therefore, the development of the
national shipping industry as a strategic sector needs to be prioritized in order to increase
Indonesia's competitiveness in the global market. Because almost all commodities for
international trade are transported using Sea transportation facilities and infrastructure, and
balancing regional development (between eastern Indonesia and the west) for the sake of the
unity of Indonesia, because of remote and underdeveloped regions (the majority of which are in
eastern Indonesia rich in natural resources ) requires access to markets and services, which often
can only be done by sea transportation.
Meanwhile, the efforts made by the government in the field of sea transportation include
rehabilitating and increasing the capacity of existing infrastructure, such as the procurement of
ferries and shipping vessels, repairs to seaports, container terminals and docks. it aims to further
facilitate inter-island traffic, improve Indonesia's domestic and international trade.
The development of sea transportation today is inseparable from technological advancements
that have made the Indonesian nation able to produce passenger transport vessels, namely
Palindo jaya 500. The ship was first launched in August 1995. The ship was made to support
faster and safer sea transportation facilities. Thus, sea transportation activities will have an
impact on the life of the community, nation and state.

Sea Transportation Rates

Sea Transportation Tariffs are applicable for shipping goods in Indonesia, including rates which
consist of:
a. Nusantara Service Rates
The price of the mine money paid by the goods owner to the shipping company for
services rendered to carry goods through the sea is known as the archipelago mining money rate.
This sea freight rate is determined based on the cost component, i.e.
1. Shipping costs stated in rupiah fees per ton mile of shipping,
2. The cost of ships in Pelabuhan is calculated according to the amount of ship expenses at the
port of loading and at the port of unloading and
3. Group of goods.
b. OPP / OPT rates
Tariff OPP / OPT (onkos loading port / destination port costs) which is a return for the work of
board stevedoring, cargodoring, and receiving / delivery at the loading port and at the destination
port.
1. The tariff for "board stevedoring" is charged for the services of loading and unloading services
from the ship deck to the dock and vice versa
2. The tariff for "cargodoring" is imposed on the service of removing cargo from the network on
the pier, lifting it to the warehouse, arranging it in the warehouse and vice versa.
3. Effective "receiving / delivery" is imposed on the work of taking cargo from the warehouse
where it is stacked and delivered to the top of the vehicle which is docked to the warehouse and
vice versa. High rates depend on class and type of goods.
c. Tariff for Using Port Facilities
The tariff for using the Port Facility, consists of warehouse rental and rental of stacking places
and port facilities.
d. Tariff of Sea Freight Expedition (EMKL),
Tariff of Marine Freight Expeditions (EMKL) includes repayment of services for inklaring and
uitklaring work. This EMKL rate is calculated based on the weight / ton of goods, where the
management of the document is carried out by the EMKL company.

2.2 Sea Insurance Claims

Claims in insurance are claims for compensation submitted by the Insured to the Insurer
because the guaranteed interest suffers a loss or damage to the goods insured due to an event as
long as the goods are in the process of transportation.
1. Procedure for Submitting Claims
a. Loss notification.
b. Survey of damage and losses.
c. Strive for completing supporting claims documents.
2. Supporting Documents for Insurance Claims
a. Insurance policy or insurance certificate.
b. Invoice and item details, including the type of packing, etc.
c. Survey report
a. Correspondence with other parties related to the cause of loss.
b. Other insurance claim documents.

2.3 Business Construction

In economics, business is an organization that sells goods or services to consumers or

other businesses, to make a profit. Historically the business word of English business, from the
word busy which means "busy" in the context of individuals, communities, or society. In a sense,
busy working on activities and jobs that bring profit.

In a capitalist economy, where most businesses are owned by the private sector,
businesses are formed to profit and increase the prosperity of their owners. The owner and
operator of a business gets rewards according to the time, effort, or capital they provide. But not
all businesses pursue profits like this, for example cooperative business that aims to improve the
welfare of all its members or government institutions aimed at improving people's welfare. This
business model contrasts with the socialistic system, where large businesses are mostly owned by
the government, the general public, or trade unions.

Etymologically, business means a situation where a person or group of people is busy

doing work that produces profits. The word "business" itself has three uses, depending on the
scope of the use of singular the word business can refer to business entities, namely juridical
(legal), technical, and economic unity aimed at seeking profit or profit. Wider use can refer to
certain market sectors, such as "television business." The most extensive use refers to all
activities carried out by the community providing goods and services. Nevertheless, the
definition of the right "business" is still a matter of debate to date.

2.4 Ways that can be done for early business people:

1. Communicate with consumers.
Conducting market research on consumers can be a way to avoid mistakes in doing
business. Research provides guidance on what consumers need and how to answer these needs
through products. In addition, the results of market research provide a range of sales prices that
are in accordance with the wishes and capabilities of the target market.
2. Choose the right business area.
That is, business people must determine the place that supports the running of the
business, for example in stores, offices, or cyberspace. In offline business, choosing a store or
office area affects product sales. In an online business, the right area of business is through sites
with personal domains (not free domains). Valid for both online and offline businesses,
entrepreneurs must be observant in choosing areas of business. Factors that need to be
considered include the proximity of the region to the buyer, the number of competitors in the
area, and the environmental conditions that make the business place strategic.
3. Avoid waste.
It is important for beginner business people to be able to hold back against things that can
weaken business financial conditions. Beginner business people usually want to open their
business with new things, such as new store buildings or new furniture and electronic devices.
Many beginner business people who want all things completely new for reasons of prestige or
prestige. Actually, not everything must be completely new. This consumptive and wasteful
behavior will only make the business allocate money for things that are not essential. The most
important thing about a new business is business management in it, not the nerd that looks good
just from the outside.
In addition, novice business people do not need to rush to recruit staff or experts, as long
as he can still do it himself. The reason is that once staff or experts are recruited, businesspeople
must pay monthly salaries regularly. It's good for a businessman to do things that he can still
handle on his own rather than throwing money away from paying staff salaries.
4. Make careful planning.
They who don't plan, plan to fail. This saying is suitable for beginner entrepreneurs who
do not have careful planning. Planning, commonly called an action plan, makes it easier for
businesses to choose the best option among many alternatives. This action plan becomes a
guideline or guidelines for entrepreneurs to run their business. A well-planned business will
minimize the risk for businesses to make wrong decisions.
5. Analysis of business development.
Every business decision taken needs to be constantly reviewed to monitor business
progress. This analysis provides an overview of how efficiently the business is running. If the
business has not reached the predetermined target in a certain time, it's good for the businessman
to try other alternatives in running his business. It is important for business people to make
targets to be achieved regularly. If one target is successfully exceeded a predetermined deadline,
business people need to improve their business performance and management.
 CHAPTER 3
DISCUSSION
3.1 Ship Damage / Loss Prevention Techniques
 APPLICATION OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (Based on ISM Code)
The safety management system is a system that is required according to International
safety regulations (SOLAS) contained in the International Safety Management Code.
Safety Management systems must be applied to all shipping companies that have a fleet
according to regulations.
Shipping companies are periodically reviewed to ensure that an effective management is
organized and has been implemented in the Company's organizations and vessels.
1. Background
Shipping companies or shipping industries are generally established to benefit from their
customers. To carry out activities in this case operate the ship safely and prevent environmental
pollution, the company must have 4 factors that are closely interrelated, among others:
• a. Employees / seafarers
• b. System
• c. Ship
• e. Management
1. ISM Code
It is an International standard for Safety Management Systems that aims to ensure that
companies provide services that meet the stipulated requirements, namely ships can operate
safely and prevent Environmental Pollution.
Reasons for the Company to implement the ISM Code;
• a. To improve the work system,
• b. To implement an acquired safety management system internationally,
• c. For readiness to face market competition,
• d. To increase customer confidence in cargo security
• e. To satisfy customers.
The application of the Safety Management System, requires preparation of a system of
documentation that meets the requirements of the ISM Code. The ISM Code applied by a
company is explained below;
Documentation The Safety Management System is divided into 4 levels with the terms:
• 1. Quality Guidelines> Why?
• 2. Operating Procedure> Who, What, OK, Where?
• 3. Work instructions and Supporting Documents> How?
• 4. Quality Notes (Reports)> Evidence
 Document Function:
1. Safety Management Guidelines. document describing company policies that include all the
requirements of the ISM Code, Safety Policy and Pollution Prevention.
2. Safety Management Operation Procedures, documents that explain how to implement /
implement Safety Management guidelines,
3. Work Instruction, a document that explains how to do something, so that the executor can
work properly and correctly. Supporting documents, documents that support the implementation
of standard operating procedures and work instructions, specifications, technical drawings and
ship operation guidelines etc.
4. Records of Safety Management, means of reporting work results such as reports, check sheets,
checklists, log books etc.
 Benefits of Implementing a Safety Management System
Into the;
• 1. Improving the Company System,
• 2. Reducing Cost / Costs,
• 3. Increase motivation,
• 4. Maintaining service quality in terms of Safety and prevention of Environmental Pollution.
Exit;
• 1. Meeting customer desires,
• 2. Giving access to international markets,
• 3. Reducing audits repeatedly,
• 4. Improve the image.
Duties of authority and corporate responsibility the cruise set in the ISM code has broad
coverage, including:
(1) Safety policies and Environmental Protection,
(2) authority and responsibility Company answer
(3) authority and responsibility Skipper
(4) resources and personal
(5) readiness face emergencies
(6) ship maintenance and Equipment
(7) documentation, certification, verification and Supervision The purpose of the ISM
code (International Safety) system Management code) in ship operational safety and prevention
of ship accidents to:
(1) ensure Safety at Sea
(2) prevent accidents human / loss of life / soul
(3) avoid damage to damage environment caused by accidents and pollution in the sea
(4) maintaining the load of the goods dishipbuilding and ship construction.

 Ship Accident Management

If there is a ship accident, several things which must be considered:
(1) Quick and responsive in the ship accident,
(2) Don't forget collecting authentic evidence,
(3) Officer and the crew at the beginning of maintaining existence ship and does not worsen
the situation.
They too must report the accident / ship accident that occurred immediately to the owners, H
& M, and club P & I to those concerned, this action should not be underestimated report
immediately. Collecting evidence of a skipper ships must make and are ready to collect
According to R.Puyuy (2007: 183-185), responsive and fast be careful in disaster when a ship
gets accident reports if the ship is involved in an accident or disaster so that the ship and also the
company is in legal status that can resolved easily and not convoluted, thanks the skipper's report
is accurate to all parties have an interest. As evidence or physical evidence attached as follows;
1. Ship diary (log book);
Usually on board there are several diaries or log books like, books daily machines, radio
diaries, diaries decks, guard diaries on the bridge, and the main is a boat diary, this book
has no scribbles and not the page is missing, the writing must be initialized where writing
errors. If the ship is had an accident then their first thing was asked show the ship's diary
to study like NTSC by officers who have authority, and The captain of the ship must be
assured and answer accordingly the truth of the actual events, and also officers and Abk.
2. Shipping map (Sailling Chart);
The skipper mustsure that the position of the ship on the map is not changed and
Previous positions are not deleted, because there are many vessel violations occur in
narrow shipping lanes and by means of a guide. The skipper must see that the position of
the ship through signs and keep the positions recorded on the map and the distance when
going through a light.

3. Shipbuilding Books
The skipper must see that all notes in the motion book are written with ink and signed by
the responsible person and nothing was deleted. For ships technologically enough to take
paper copies printer from the printer machine this machine records every time the ship
moves the engine time forward or backward.

4. Port Supervisor
According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia no.17 concerning Shipping is:
"Port is a place consisting of land and / or waters with certain limits as a place of
Government activities and business activities which is used as the place where the ship
rests, up and down passengers, and / or loading and unloading goods, in the form of
terminals and berths of ships equipped with facilities safety and shipping security and
supporting activities port and as a place for intra-and intermodal displacement
transportation ".
 The purpose of the ship has a national flag (Flag state) or called the flag state,
against safety maritime is so that local port supervision and responsible ship parties can
improve inspection of the vessel. The duty of the port supervisor Local use of Port State
Control (PSC) is monitor the application of safety regulations and activities others on
board as well as applicable standards (including the parties responsible for the accident at
sea) on the ship about the effort of salvation (salvation) ships from departing to the
destination port). With this definition, the area (time) when and where a number of
accidents occurred outside the port including the task of the Port state Contro, and also
repetitive vessels times through the point system violating conventions International must
be given a kind of punishment, in the form of deleting the ship from the registration list
ship, Forgot discount or tax deduction at port. Port State control (PSC) by name Maritime
Safety Surveillance Force (MSSF), must be filled with people who are sufficient and
capable, trained and experienced staff (Haralambides, 1998) with use the same criteria
from the examination safety. The same decision for deficiencies the same must be taken
over by the PSC as the examiner, The PSC has improved the maritime safety system
significantly since mid-1998, when taking over the implementation of the International
Safety ISM code, use company terminology to mention Shipping companies or ship
operators domiciled as ship owner, ship tenant (charterer), another company acting as an
agent or representatives, head office or branch office. According to Lasse (2014: 118),
Shipping Safety at
3.2 Claim Support Factors
 Time Barrier
 Claim Period
 Insufficiency of Packing carrier)
 Pilferage
 Natural Lost
 Cargo Deck
 Leakage
 CHAPTER 4
COVER
4.1 Conclusion
 Transportation needs are derived needs due to economic, social and so on.
 Transportation facilities on land, sea and air play a vital role in the socio-economic
aspects through the distribution function between one region and another.
 Most of the developed countries consider transportation development an integral part of
economic development. It's good for the government to pay attention to this.
 Improve management related to work ethic the officers on duty.

4.2 Suggestions
 To advance sea transportation services in Indonesia, companies must pay great attention
to the interests of the community and provide adequate facilities and provide security and
safety facilities for the community so that people want to use these sea transportation
services.
 In addition to paying attention to the people who use sea transportation services, the
company must also provide cheap transportation for the lower classes of society so that
they continue to use the sea transportation services
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. http://seputarpengertian.blogspot.com/2014/05/seputar-pengertian-transportasi-
laut.html
2. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisnis
3. http://www.akademiasuransi.org/2012/10/prosedur-klaim-dalam-asuransi-marine.html
4. http://sikapiuangmu.ojk.go.id/id/article/113/asuransi-pengangkutan
5. http://jarvis-store.com/artikel/5-cara-terhindar-dari-kebangkrutan-bisnis-di-tahun-
pertama