Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SCSHP 2014 Annual Meeting Background
• Mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept, MMF)
Mycophenolate‐Associated • Prodrug
• Usual dose: 1000 mg PO BID q12 h
Colitis • IV formulation available (1:1 conversion)
• 250 mg capsule (100): $396.29
• Mycophenolate sodium (Myfortic, MPA)
• Rachel Crawford, PharmD • Active form
• PGY‐1 Pharmacy Practice Resident • Enteric coated (EC)
• Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC • Usual dose: 720 mg PO BID q12 h
• 360 mg (120): $1219.69
Cellcept [package insert]. South San Francisco, Ca: Genentech; 2013.
Myfortic [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals; 2013.
Lexi‐Comp, Inc. (Harrison’s Practice TM). Lexi‐Comp, Inc.; 2014 February 14.
Disclosure Indications
• I do not have a vested interest in or affiliation • Labeled Indications • Unlabeled Indications
• Bone Marrow Transplant
with any corporate organization offering • Prophylaxis of organ
rejection in renal, • Crohn’s Disease
financial support or grant monies for this cardiac or hepatic • Lupus nephritis
continuing education activity, or any affiliation transplants • Myasthenia gravis
with an organization whose philosophy could • Psoriasis
potentially bias my presentation • Refractory acute GVHD and
chronic GVHD
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Refractory autoimmune
hepatitis
• Ulcerative colitis
Cellcept [package insert]. South San Francisco, Ca: Genentech; 2013.
Myfortic [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals; 2013.
Objectives Mechanism of Action
• Characterize incidence and timeline of GI side
effects with mycophenolate
• Identify strategies for management of
mycophenolate GI toxicity and
mycophenolate‐associated colitis
• Discuss pharmacist’s role in managing GI side
effects associated with mycophenolate
N Engl J Med 2004 Dec 23;351(26):2715‐29.
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3/3/2014
Common ADRs Mycophenolate‐Associated
Colitis
CV HTN, hypoTN, peripheral edema, chest pain, tachycardia • Diagnosis:
CNS Pain, HA, insomnia, fever, dizziness, anxiety o Absence of any other etiology for GI symptoms
o Resolution of the diarrhea with discontinuation of mycophenolate
Derm Rash
o Presence of typical histopathological changes on colonoscopy
Endocrine/ Hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia,
Metabolic hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia
• Mechanism of colonic injury remains unclear
GI Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, anorexia,
dyspepsia
o Immunosuppressive effects may indirectly affect lymphocytes in
colon resulting in ↓ mucosal protection
GU UTI
o Direct MMF colonic cytotoxicity cannot be ruled out
Hematologic Leukopenia, anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia
Cellcept [package insert]. South San Francisco, Ca: Genentech; 2013. Transplantation Proceedings. 2010;42:3591–93.
Myfortic [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals; 2013. Drug Saf. 2001;24(9):645‐63.
GI Upset versus Colitis Summary
• Up to 53% of patients report GI symptoms • Mycophenolate can induce diarrhea weeks to
months after initiation
• Diarrhea is most frequently reported side effect
o Typical onset: 2‐4 weeks after start of therapy (variable)
o Various strategies to alleviate diarrhea • Mycophenolate‐induced colitis should be
o Peak‐related considered if strategies to reduce diarrhea
o Monitoring of levels not routinely recommended provide no benefit
• Mycophenolate‐associated colitis
o Diarrhea still present despite attempted strategies • Discontinuation or reduction of MMF dose will
o Absence of any alternative cause of diarrhea usually result in improvement of diarrhea
Transplantation Proceedings. 2010;42:3591–93. Transplantation Proceedings. 2010;42:3591–93.
Am J Transplant. 2004 Feb;4(2):231‐6. Am J Transplant. 2004 Feb;4(2):231‐6.
Treatment Strategies Pharmacist’s Role
• Ensure patient is taking with food • Inform patients of major side effects, including GI
side effects, associated with mycophenolate
• Divide dose
o Ex. MMF 500 mg PO QID • Educate patients and providers regarding strategies
to help alleviate diarrhea
• Reduce dose
o Ex. decrease from 2g/day to 1g/day
• Alert patient or physician if diarrhea continues
despite multiple strategies
• Switch to MPA if using MMF
o Improved GI tolerability with MPA debatable
• If mycophenolate‐associated colitis is diagnosed,
• Switch to alternative agent report to FDA MedWatch
Drug Saf. 2001;24(9):645‐63.
Am J Transplant. 2004 Feb;4(2):231‐6.
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3/3/2014
References
1. Halloran PF. Immunosuppressive drugs for kidney transplantation. N Engl J
Med. 2004 Dec 23;351(26):2715‐29.
2. Salvadori M, Holzer H, de Mattos A, et al. Enteric‐coated mycophenolate
sodium is therapeutically equivalent to mycophenolate mofetil in de novo
renal transplant patients. Am J Transplant. 2004 Feb;4(2):231‐6.
3. Cellcept [package insert]. South San Francisco, Ca: Genentech; 2013.
4. Myfortic [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals;
2013.
5. Al‐Absi AI, Cooke CR, Wall BM, et al. Patterns of injury in mycophenolate
mofetil–related colitis. Transplantation Proceedings. 2010;42:3591–93.
6. Helderman JH, Goral S. Gastrointestinal complications of transplant
immunosuppression. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Jan;13(1):277‐87.
7. Behrend M. Adverse gastrointestinal effects of mycophenolate mofetil:
aetiology, incidence and management. Drug Saf. 2001;24(9):645‐63.
8. Lexi‐Comp, Inc. (Harrison’s Practice TM). Lexi‐Comp, Inc.; 2014 February
14.
SCSHP 2014 Annual Meeting
Mycophenolate‐Associated
Colitis
• Rachel Crawford, PharmD
• PGY‐1 Pharmacy Practice Resident
• Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC