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Biotechnology Activity Sheet

Quarter 4 - MELC 5
Week 5
DNA Mutation and its Effect
in an Individual

REGION VI - WESTERN VISAYAS

Biotechnology
Activity Sheet No. 5 - DNA Mutation and its Effect in an Individual
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 -- Western Visayas

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reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or
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Development Team of Biotechnology Activity Sheet

Writer: Ruby Ann Dahay- Angelino

Editor: Daisy L. Lopez
Carmel Joy P. Aujero
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Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
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Introductory Message
Welcome to Biotechnology!

This Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Silay City and DepEd Regional Office VI- Western
Visayas through the Curriculum Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and
responsible adults) in helping the learners to meet the standards set by the
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

This Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Biotechnology Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner.
This will be made available to the learners with the reference/links to ease
the independent learning.

For the learner:

` The Biotechnology Activity Sheet is developed to helped you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the
activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your
facilitator on the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner:
Grade and Section: Date:

BIOTECHNOLOGY ACTIVITY SHEET No. 5

DNA Mutation and Its Effect in an Individual

I. Learning Competency
1. Explain how mutation in DNA affects an individual.

II. Background Information for Learners

Mutations are often the victims of bad press — unfairly stereotyped as

unimportant or as a cause of genetic disease. While many mutations do
indeed have small or negative effects, another sort of mutation gets less
airtime. Mutations to control genes can have major (and sometimes positive)
effects.

A single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary
change is based on the accumulation of many mutations with small effects.
Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their
context or location. Most non-neutral mutations are deleterious. In general,
the more base pairs that are affected by a mutation, the larger the effect of
the mutation, and the larger the mutation's probability of being deleterious.

In this learning activity, you will learn the different effects of mutation
and its relevance to a growing organism.

III. Activity Proper

Activity 1: Ratty-Rat Analysis
Directions: Study the picture below and answer the questions that follow.

Questions:

1. In what way the rat above differs from other rats?

 2. What do you think is the reason of its being “different” to other rats?

3. In what way the change can be harmful to the mentioned organism?

Activity 2: Reading Time

Directions: Read the selection below and perform the given task.
Effects of Mutation

The majority of mutations have neither negative nor positive effects on the
organism in which they occur. These mutations are called neutral mutations.
Examples include silent point mutations. They are neutral because they do not
change the amino acids in the proteins they encode. Many other mutations have no
effect on the organism because they are repaired before protein synthesis occurs.
Cells have multiple repair mechanisms to fix mutations in DNA.
Some mutations have a positive effect on the organism in which they occur. They
are called beneficial mutations. They lead to new versions of proteins that help
organisms adapt to changes in their environment. Beneficial mutations are essential
for evolution to occur. They increase an organism’s changes of surviving or
reproducing, so they are likely to become more common over time. There are several
well-known examples of beneficial mutations. Here are just two:

1. Mutations in many bacteria that allow them to survive in the presence of

antibiotic drugs. The mutations lead to antibiotic-resistant strains
of bacteria.
2. A unique mutation is found in people in a small town in Italy. The
mutation protects them from developing atherosclerosis, which is the
dangerous buildup of fatty materials in blood vessels. The individual in
which the mutation first appeared has even been identified.
Imagine making a random change in a complicated machine such as a car
engine. The chance that the random change would improve the functioning of the
car is very small. The change is far more likely to result in a car that does not run
well or perhaps does not run at all. By the same token, any random change in a
gene's DNA is likely to result in a protein that does not function normally or may not
function at all. Such mutations are likely to be harmful. Harmful mutations may
cause genetic disorders or cancer.

 A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes.

A human example is cystic fibrosis. A mutation in a single gene causes the
body to produce thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and blocks ducts
in digestive organs.
 Cancer is a disease in which cells grow out of control and form abnormal
masses of cells. It is generally caused by mutations in genes that regulate
the cell cycle. Because of the mutations, cells with damaged DNA are
allowed to divide without limits. Cancer genes can be inherited.
Source: https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-biology-flexbook-
2.0/section/4.10/primary/lesson/mutation-effects-bio
Directions: Identify if the following mutations is beneficial, harmful or neutral.
Write B for beneficial, H for harmful and N for neutral.

1. An albino tree frog can be easily seen among the green trees.
2. Poison dart frogs are normally bright blue, red or yellow in color.
3. Black bears can carry the mutated gene that produces the white
bears.
4. A bean reducing its ability to produce food.
5. A human example is cystic fibrosis.

IV. Reflection
Complete the statement below.
After performing the activities, I understand that

V. Links and/or Other References

Google. “small-pets.lovetoknow.com” Accessed April 5, 2021

https://small-pets.lovetoknow.com/pet-rodent-types-care/hairless-pet-rat-
factslifespancareguide#:~:text=Hairless%20rats%20eat%20basically%20the,to
%20a%20rat%2with%20fur
Google. “basd.net” Accessed April 6, 2021
https://www.basd.net/cms/lib2/PA01001269/Centricity/Domain/353/Mutat
ions%20pptpdf
Google. “brainly.com” Accessed April 6, 2021
https://brainly.com/question/18292470
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/mutations_05
Google. “flexbooks.ck12.org” Accessed April 6, 2021
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck12biologyflexbook2.0/section/4.10/prim
ary/lesson/mutation-effects-bio
Google. “nature.com” Accessed April 6, 2021
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mutation-1127/
Google. “quizlet.com” Accessed April 6, 2021
https://quizlet.com/105104459/science-9-reproduction-mutation-flash-
cards/