University of San Agustin

General Luna St., Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000

www.usa.ed.ph
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Development of Sensor-Driven Kit for Swimming Pool

Water Quality Monitoring System
Ma. Therez Magnolia A. Causing 1, a), Raquel B. Gonzales 1, b),
and Glenda S. Guanzon 1, c)
1
Department of Computer Engineering, College of Technology, University of San Agustin
General Luna St. Iloilo City, Iloilo, Philippines 5000
a)
Corresponding Author: therezcausing@gmail.com
b)
gonzalesshein.sg@gmail.com
c)
gsguanzon2014@gmail.com

Abstract. Regular monitoring of recreational water quality is essential to keep users safe from
health problems. The design project aims to develop a sensor-driven kit for swimming pool water
quality monitoring system for detecting temperature, turbidity level, pH level, and chlorine level.
The system was developed using prototyping modeling approach. The system front-end is
composed of various sensors connected to Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller with memory card
module, Real Time Clock (RTC) Module, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen, four switches and
small circuits for powering the device. The system software was developed using Arduino
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) used for data acquisition from sensors as well as
memory card data storing. The system back-end was developed using Visual Basic .Net and
Microsoft Access for memory card data uploading to back-end for data aggregation and
monitoring. Twenty test trials were conducted for each sensor. The study used standard tools and
mathematical model to validate each test trial result of each sensor. Demonstration was conducted
to five respondents using simple questionnaire for evaluating the functionality, usefulness and
acceptability of the device. The testing results from twenty trials show that the average detection
accuracy of pH level is ninety nine percent, chlorine level is ninety eight percent, turbidity level is
ninety nine percent, and temperature is ninety nine percent. This only shows that device passed
the acceptability rate less than five percent margin error. Based on the conducted evaluation, the
results show that majority of the respondents agree that the device is functional, useful, and
convenient. Therefore, the device is effective.

Keywords: computer engineering, monitoring system, temperature, turbidity, pH, chlorine,

descriptive research, Philippines

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 INTRODUCTION

Swimming pools are popular for recreation that can deliver important benefits to health
and well-being (Puetz 2016). Poor quality condition of the water that poses risk to health must be
identified to make the water safe for recreational activities especially for the children (Sensorex
2019). The water quality of the swimming pool can pose risk to the health of the users due to the
loss of disinfectant over time and other factors identified to make the water safe for recreational
activities (Christensen 2018). Chlorinated water poses health risks to human being (Steininger and
Pareja 2016). Hence, water quality monitoring and testing play an important role to keep the
recreational water safe (Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group 2017).

Based on the report, that even the water is being treated with chlorine, the effect of chlorine
will also disappear if there will be too much of bacteria present and will result to recreational water
diseases or the sickness that are possibly caught in swimming pools (ABS-CBN News 2018).
Socrates Exebia Jr., a maintenance staff of Water Park in Pasig, Manila said that swimming pool
must be subject to everyday cleaning. High or low temperature is one of the reasons of the decrease
of the chlorine content (Anderson 2013). Washington Post News published that forty (40) children
between ages 6 and 12 were sickened at a YMCA in downtown Durham after pool-cleaning
chemicals such as chlorine tablets and pH balancers reacted with each other (Wootsoon 2018).
Swimming pools must use the correct amount of chlorine for the treatment of bacteria considering
the other properties of water such as pH and color or turbidity of the water that could signify the
cleanliness of the water (Elecro Engineering 2018).

Solutions to prevent problem occurrences on recreational water, set off rules or the basic
guidelines ( National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health 2014) applied in continuous
monitoring and testing and by the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) are the collection
of water samples and sampling every month of physical parameters such as pH and temperature
including field observations that are taken manually and for laboratory analysis (World Health
Organization 2016). The guidelines describe the quality parameters set for recreational water
which leads to the WHO Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments, and its 2009
addendum updates to Volume 1 which are intended to be used as the basis for the international and
national public health development approach to control recreational water environments risks and
it provide a structure for local decision-making (World Health Organization 2019).

The researches that has been done to overcome complex process as it has several laboratory
testing methods and time consuming of water quality testing are: 1) the Smart Water Quality
Monitoring System for Real Time Applications by Sugapriyaa, Rakshaya, Ramyadeyi, Ramya,
and Rashmi (2018) used in water bodies of rivers utilizes four sensors such as Turbidity,
temperature, pH, conductivity with Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), and Arduino controller
used to analyze data transferred by GSM/Wi-Fi module sent to the central server; 2) IoT Based
Water Quality Monitoring System by Shirode, Adaling, Biradar, and Mate (2018) checks the water
quality of river using the following sensors: pH (DFRobot 2018), Electric Conductivity Sensor,
turbidity (DFRobot 2017), and temperature that capture data in the form of signals, processing
module microcontroller, ADC that converts the signals sent to the microcontroller via Wi-Fi
module, Smartphone/PC and LCD; and 3) Low-cost, Real-Time, Autonomous Water Quality
Testing and Notification System by Ranjbar and Abdalla (2017) utilized sensors (temperature

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(Maxim Integrated 2018), turbidity, pH, ultrasonic), LCD (DFRobot 2018), GSM module, Buzzer,
LEDs, and Smartphone that test the water quality and then the data is read by sensors and sent to
microcontroller. All researches stated above does not include chlorine in their parameters for they
only test the quality of the water bodies of the river (Aquarius Technologies 2018). The first and
second researches discussed above used Wi-Fi module to record data, disadvantage to that, it
requires internet connection in the area. Currently, there are other researches that plays water
quality testing and monitoring which includes Water Quality Monitoring System Using 3G
Network (Ibarra, Caya, Andal, Soc, Villaruel, Villeza, and Sauli 2016), On-Line Realtime Water
Quality Monitoring and Control for Swimming Pools (Duffy, Woods, O’Hogain, Walsh, and
Caplier 2017), A Comprehensive Review on Water Quality Parameters Estimation Using Remote
Sensing Techniques (Gholizadeh, Melesse and Reddi 2016), The Turbidity Tube: Simple and
Accurate Measurement of Turbidity in the Field (Myre and Shaw 2016), Development of Realtime,
Handheld and Portable Flood Distribution and Water Quality Sensor Based Android Smartphone
(Rachmatika and Ardriyanto 2017), and Particles and Turbidity in Pool Water – Removal by Inline
Filtration and Modelling of Daily Courses (Stauder and Rödelspenger 2016).

The focus of this study is the design and development of the water quality monitoring
device for university or college with swimming facility. At the local setting, a particular university
used by 250 students every week. To keep users safe, the facility is disinfected every day by
granular chlorine, but chlorine in pools must be controlled (Rekalske 2016; Steininger 2016). The
existing monitoring method used in the facility is the use of DPD kit in which the personnel refer
to the resulting mixture colors as indicators for corresponding standard values of pH and chlorine.
This becomes a challenge for maintenance personnel because the method can be prone to
misinterpretation due to color inspection, and mixing of DPD kit solutions to the water sample
takes time. Hence, the study entitled Development of Sensor-Driven Kit for Swimming Pool Water
Quality Monitoring System was conceptualized to address the above problem which includes other
important parameters such temperature and turbidity that have effects on chlorine levels. The kit
used a microcontroller for the system (Arduino 2018) that can emphasized the device cost-effective
and functionality (Reiff 2011). Lastly, the development of this kit provides efficiency of
monitoring and testing of the recreational water’s quality by chlorine (DFRobot 2017),
temperature, pH level, and turbidity (Koertge 2017; Palintest 2016).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The researchers used the Evolutionary Prototype Method on Prototyping. Through this
method, the invented is open to further improvement and the device created can turn into an actual
saleable product. This avoids wastage of resources and could be useful reference for other
researchers.

Implement

Figure 1: Prototyping Method

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 The researcher was able to determine its objective on creating the program. Arduino IDE
was used in creating the program of the device, then the data taken from the sensor was stored in
the memory card. The data from the memory card is then recorded into a back – end software that
will serve as a monitoring system. In analysis, the program was able to meet its goal in detecting
the pH level, chlorine contamination, turbidity level, and temperature of the water; displaying and
saving the data; and creating a monitoring system.
In developing the software, the researchers used Data Flow Diagram to map out the flow
of information in the system. A flowchart is used to show the workflow or process of the program.
During demonstration, the samples from the swimming pool has shown values that is equal and
also not equal to the index values provided by the parameters; then, the values taken from the
samples are displayed in the LCD screen and stored in the SD card.
Testing the software was able to determine that there were bugs that was left unchecked or
values gathered and shown were accurate. Since there are some errors occurred, the researchers go
back to the previous step until the goal of the software was achieved. Unit testing for each sensor
had been done to determine if the value of the data gathered by the sensor have less percentage
error.
TABLE 1. Standard Values of Chlorine, pH, temperature, and turbidity in swimming pools (World
Health Organization 2018)
Parameter Standard Value
Chlorine Level 1.0 ppm - 3.0 ppm
pH value 7.2 – 7.8
Temperature 22⁰C - 29⁰C
Turbidity Level 1 NTU – 5 NTU
Originally the Chlorine/ORP Sensor produces results in millivolts. In order to meet the
conventional unit used during manual testing of Chlorine Level, which is ppm, parts per million,
the researchers came up with a formula 1 to convert the values (DFRobot 2017).
Formula 1:
75∗averagearray(orpArray,ArrayLenth)∗Voltage∗1000 Commented [R1]: Cite the reference of the formula
[30∗Voltage∗1000]−[ ]
1024
[75−OFFSET]
Chlorine Value =
1000

In the case of measuring the Temperature, the DS18B20 Waterproof Sensor has its own
Arduino Library which is called One Wire Library and is only added or initialize in the code itself.
The researchers added Formula 2 to specify the unit of measurement used in this parameter
(DFRobot 2018).
Formula 2:
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS) − OneWire Library in Arduino
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire)
Celsius = 0
sensors. requestTemperatures()
Celsius = sensors. getTempCByIndex(0)

During the unit testing of the pH Sensor, the researchers included Formula 3 which is also
the formula used to obtain the value of pH (DFRobot 2018).
Formula 3: buttonState1 = digitalRead(buttonPin1)

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 avgValue ∗ 5.0
Sensor2 = 1024 pH = 3.5 ∗ Sensor2
6
It is used to convert the values from millivolts to the conventional unit used in manual
testing of pH Level.

Lastly, for the turbidity sensor, the researchers also added Formula 4 to convert the
millivolts that the sensors produce as units of the outputs in to NTU which is traditionally used a
unit of measure for measuring turbidity (DFRobot 2018). Voltage that must be read based in
adjusting the trimmer, it must be 4.2V to give a zero turbidity.
Formula 4:
Turbidity = −1120.4 ∗ square(volt) + 5742.3 ∗ volt − 4353.8

After the researchers secured the functionality and acceptability of the software to the
device, is now ready for implementation. The device was able to meet its objectives. The next part
after the development and testing of the software involves upgrades and some features to be
deducted in order to make the system adaptable to changes in the environment. Changes in the
software like the GUI and the database is also applicable.
Figure 2 shows the hardware design. The part of the input from this device are the sensors
and RTC Module. The sensor which is used; sensor which produces the output; analog voltage
such as turbidity level, potential Hydrogen (pH), and chlorine level; digital temperature sensor.
The part of this process is microcontroller; Arduino Mega 2560. The value of output from the
sensor is accepted by the input of ADC Arduino to calculate based on the conversion from the
program. Then, it is saved in EEPROM Arduino that the results are compared with parameter
setting which has been determined and later saved in the micro SD card. The part of output is the
output from the process of the results in this system. This part of the output; LCD screen displays
the result of the calculation from microcontroller and the datalog.txt which is the text file that
contains all the data that was gathered during the testing which is used for the data to be read by
the Visual Basic Application Software for monitoring.

Figure 2: Hardware Design Process

In the designing schematic hardware, it used the microcontroller of Arduino Mega 2560
and Breadboard to put the components of supporting others. The System of the software is shown
as Block Diagram shown in Figure 3.

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 Figure 3: Block Diagram of the System
In designing instruments, the researchers designed the instrument with the use of acrylic
medical kit that will serve as a container for the device circuitry. The researchers use breadboard
as a framework to series the power and ground of the sensors and other parts such as the LED,
switches and resistors. Switches are built to each sensor to avoid interference between the four
sensors. The data pins of the components are directly connected to the analog and digital pins of
the Arduino Mega 2560.
Designing software in this automatic system is made using the application of IDE Arduino
(Integrated Development Environment). The values that are gathered by the sensors are converted
using the Arduino code into values that are acceptable to users’ standards. It is the save into SD
card and will be later added to the database server using the back-end software.

Figure 4: Data Flow Diagram (Level 0)

The researchers created the back-end software using Visual Basic 2012 and MS Access as
database. The data has been gathered by the device is saved in the DATALOG.txt is then
automatically read by the software and is saved in the database. The software also provides a
graphical representation of the data to show the trend of results.

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The research results presentation composed of several parts: results of unit testing of four
sensors, and software application testing as integrated in the whole system.
Unit testing is done by having 20 number of tests in each sensor used in the project.
TABLE 1. Unit Testing Results of ORP Sensor for Chlorine Level
Chlorine Level in ppm Chlorine Level in
No. of Tests Percentage Error
(Project Kit) ppm (Test Kit -DFD)
1 0.57 0.6 -5.00%
2 0.57 0.6 -5.00%
3 0.6 0.6 0.00%
4 0.59 0.6 -1.67%
5 0.59 0.6 -1.67%
6 0.59 0.6 -1.67%
7 0.6 0.6 0.00%
8 0.59 0.6 -1.67%
9 0.59 0.6 -1.67%
10 0.59 0.6 -1.67%
11 0.6 0.6 0.00%
12 0.58 0.6 -3.33%
13 0.6 0.6 0.00%
14 0.59 0.6 -1.67%
15 0.6 0.6 0.00%
16 0.6 0.6 0.00%
17 0.59 0.6 -1.67%
18 0.6 0.6 0.00%
19 0.53 0.6 -11.67%
20 0.66 0.6 10.00%
Average 0.59 0.6 2%
Note:Percentage error is computed using the formula from Imaging the Universe (University of Lowa 2017)

Table 2 is the results from comparing the chlorine value from the design project’s ORP
sensor with a DFD Kit with the solution Orthotolidine OTO: (Indicator solution for Chlorine Test
(Cl)) for measuring Chlorine. Both chlorine level readings for the project and the DPD kit have
standard values are below the standard value of the chlorine (1.0 ppm to 3.0 ppm) in swimming
pool (World Health Organization, 2018). Table 2 shows that results from the Project Kit have
variation since detection has accuracy at two decimal place while the DPD kit only detect values
of up to single decimal place. Only two values out of 20 trials in the percent error of more than
10% while 18 values are within the acceptable error margin of 5%. Taking into consideration mean
of 20 trials, the deviation of two measuring instruments is 0.01, the value of maximum error is
11.67% and the average error is 2%. Commented [R2]: Discussions after the Tables All 3
Levels

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TABLE 3. Unit Testing Results of Temperature Sensor
Temperature in 0C Temperature in 0C
No. of Test Trials Margin Error (%)
(Project Kit) (Thermometer)
1 26.4 26.4 0.15%
2 26.5 26.4 0.38%
3 26.44 26.4 0.15%
4 26.37 26.4 -0.11%
5 26.56 26.4 0.61%
6 26.44 26.4 0.15%
7 26.44 26.4 0.15%
8 26.5 26.4 0.38%
9 26.5 26.4 0.38%
10 26.44 26.4 0.15%
11 26.5 26.4 0.38%
12 26.5 26.4 0.38%
13 26.44 26.4 0.15%
14 26.31 26.4 -0.34%
15 26.31 26.4 -0.34%
16 26.44 26.4 0.15%
17 26.44 26.4 0.15%
18 26.37 26.4 -0.11%
19 26.37 26.4 -0.11%
20 26.37 26.4 -0.11%
Average 26.43 26.4 0.24%
Note: Percentage error is computed using the formula from Imaging the Universe (University of Lowa 2017)

Table 3 shows that reading results of the temperature values from the project kit
temperature sensor with the thermometer (Maxim Integrated 2018) which is freely sold in the
market. For temperature, the project kit reading results range from 26.310C to 26.56 0C, while the
thermometer reading results is 26.4 0C. These results are within the standard value of the
temperature (22⁰C - 29⁰C) in swimming pool (World Health Organization, 2018). Also, table 3
shows that the deviation of average value is 0.03, the value of maximum error is 0.61%. The
average of error is 0.24% which is very small compared the acceptable error margin of 5%.

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TABLE 4. Unit Testing Results of pH Sensor
pH Value from pH Value from
No. of Tests Percentage Error
Project Kit Test Kit
1 7.54 7.6 -0.79%
2 7.5 7.6 -1.32%
3 7.46 7.6 -1.84%
4 7.43 7.6 -2.24%
5 7.41 7.6 -2.50%
6 7.38 7.2 2.50%
7 7.37 7.2 2.36%
8 7.35 7.2 2.08%
9 7.31 7.2 1.53%
10 7.32 7.2 1.67%
11 7.31 7.2 1.53%
12 7.3 7.2 1.39%
13 7.29 7.2 1.25%
14 7.28 7.2 1.11%
15 7.27 7.2 0.97%
16 7.27 7.2 0.97%
17 7.26 7.2 0.83%
18 7.26 7.2 0.83%
19 7.26 7.2 0.83%
20 7.25 7.2 0.69%
Average 7.34 7.3 1.46%
Note: Percentage error is computed using the formula from Imaging the Universe (University of Lowa 2017)

Table 4 shows the reading results of the project kit pH Sensor and DPD Kit with Phenol
Roure/Red (Indicator solution for Hydrogen Test (pH)) solution (Palintest 2016). The project kit
reading results range from 7.25 to 7.54, while the DPD kit reading results range from 7.2 to 7.6.
Also, average of the reading results of project kit is 7.34 while the average reading results of DPD
kit is 7.3. All reading results are within the standard value of the pH value (7.2–7.8) in swimming
pool (World Health Organization, 2018). The deviation average of the two measuring kits is 0.04
and the maximum error value is 2.36%. The average of error value is 1.46% which is small enough
compared with the acceptable margin error of 5%.

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TABLE 5. Unit Testing Results of Turbidity Sensor
No. of Test voltage Turbidity Value from Turbidity Value Percentage Error
Project Kit (mg/L) Computed (mg/L)
1 3.5 2.02 2.019 0.05%
2 4.1 0.36 0.356 1.12%
3 4.1 0.36 0.356 1.12%
4 4.1 0.36 0.356 1.12%
5 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
6 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
7 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
8 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
9 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
10 3.5 2.02 2.019 0.05%
11 3.4 2.22 2.218 0.09%
12 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
13 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
14 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
15 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
16 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
17 4 0.69 0.689 0.15%
18 3.9 1.00 0.999 0.10%
19 3.7 1.55 1.554 -0.26%
20 3.8 1.29 1.288 0.16%
Average 0.94 0.937 0.29%
Note: Percentage error is computed using the formula from Imaging the Universe (University of Lowa 2017)

Table 5 shows that the reading results for turbidity value of project kit turbidity sensor and
the computed value using the Formula 4 (DFRobot 2017). The reading results of project kit range
from 0. 36 NTU to 2.22 NTU, while the computed values range from 0.356 NTU to 2.218 NTU.
All reading results are lower and within the standard value of the turbidity (1 NTU – 5 NTU) in
swimming pool (World Health Organization, 2018). The average of reading results for project kit
is 0.94 while the average of the computed values is 0.937. The percentage error values for turbidity
are ranging from - 0.26% to 1.12% with the average of 0.29%. The deviation of average values
is 0.001.
TABLE 6. Summary of all Sensor Results (Average Accuracy % and Margin Error %)
Sensor Average Result Average Result Average Result of Average Result
from project Kit from Standard Margin Error % for Accuracy of
(n=20) Tool/Computed (n=20) (±5 the Device
(n=20) acceptability)
pH 7.34 7.30 0.56% 99.44%
Chlorine 0.59 0.60 1.42% 98.58%
Temperature 26.43 26.40 0.13% 99.87%
Turbidity 0.94 0.937 0.14% 99.86%

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 Table 6 shows the summary of all the average values of the compared values. Using 100%
as the perfect score for the functional device, Table 6 shows for pH value with margin error of
.56%, the functional accuracy of the project kit is 99.44%; for Chlorine level with margin error of
1.42%, the functional accuracy of the project kit is 98.58%; for temperature with the margin error
of 0.13%, functional accuracy is 99.87%; and turbidity with the margin error of 0.14%, the function
accuracy of the project kit is 99.86%.

Figure 5 shows the physical layout of the sensor-driven kit active device. The parts of the
device are labeled such as ports for sensor probes, the button switches, the LED indicators, the
LCD screen for displaying the output readings, and the SD card slot for storing data. Figure 6
shows internal connection of the electronic components of the hardware part of the system.

Turbidity Sensor Ports

LEDs
Temperature Sensor Ports
pH Sensor Ports Buttons

ORP Sensor Ports

LCD Screen SD Card Slot

Figure 5: Physical Layout of the Sensor-Driven Kit

Figure 6: Sensor-Driven Kit Device System

QualiPool is a .net application which is used to store and display data that was gathered by
the kit. The software is used to monitor and determining swimming pool water parameters offline
such as chlorine, temperature, pH, and turbidity for future reference and trend analysis.

TABLE 7. Unit Testing of Back-end Software

No. of Test Error Solution

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 Connect data base to the chart’s properties
1 Failed to display data in chart
(axis and series)
Correct data binding table in each saving
2 Failed to add and save new data
button and check for duplication
Code an openfile dialog to access the data
3 Manual transfer of data
directly to the path of the SD Card
Connect the data string into is
Misassignment of strings in the data
4 corresponding textbox and organize it to
inside the text file
avoid duplication of assignment

Table 7 show the different types of errors encountered during software testing and the
solutions used to solve these errors.

Figure 7: (a) Main form of the software where data from the SD card is added and saved
to the database

Figure 8: (b) Actual data from the database is being shown using datagrid view

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 Figure 9: (c) Actual data from the database is being shown in a graphical form

Figures 7, 8 and 9 show the screen layouts and sample output of the back-end software.
The main form of the software in Figure 7 allows the user to clear textboxes from previous data,
scan automatically data from the SD card and add and save data to the database. The software
also provides tabs for grid view in Figure 8 and graphical view in Figure 9 of the stored data
from the database so that users could monitor the trend of results in a period of time.

CONCLUSION
Monitoring the water chemistry of the Swimming Pool is the first step in keeping the pool
water safe to its swimmers and prolong the life span of the swimming pool. The Sensor-Driven
Kit for Swimming Pool Water Quality Monitoring System provides information about the Chlorine
Level, Temperature, pH Level, and Turbidity values which is essential in keeping the pool water
on its recommended standard values. The system can display and save the data gathered into a
database through the back-end software and the software generates a graphical form of the data.
The sensor-driven kit and back-end software system proven to be functional and effective in
monitoring swimming pool water quality parameters, and comparable with existing DPD kit used
by maintenance personnel. The system has additional features which makes it cost-effective,
portable and user-friendly.

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