Some basic derivatives:

f (x) f 0 (x) f (x) f 0 (x)

xn nxn−1 ex ex
ln(x) 1/x sin(x) cos(x)
cos(x) − sin(x) tan(x) sec2 (x)
cot(x) −cosec2 (x) sec(x) sec(x) tan(x)
cosec(x) −cosec(x) cot(x) tan−1 (x) 1/(1 + x2 )
√ √
sin−1 (x) 1/ 1 − x2 for |x| < 1 cos−1 (x) −1/ 1 − x2 for |x| < 1
sinh(x) cosh(x) cosh(x) sinh(x)
tanh(x) sech2 (x) coth(x) −cosech2 (x)
sech(x) −sech(x) tanh(x) cosech(x) −cosech(x) coth(x)
√ √
sinh−1 (x) 1/ x2 + 1 cosh−1 (x) 1/ x2 − 1 for x > 1
tanh−1 (x) 1/(1 − x2 ) for |x| < 1 coth−1 (x) −1/(x2 − 1) for |x| > 1

Basic rules for differentiation and integration:

d d d
g(x) = f 0 (x) + g 0 (x)


• dx f (x) + g(x) = dx f (x) + dx derivative of a sum

d d
f (x) = cf 0 (x)


• dx cf (x) = c dx derivative with a constant factor

d
f (x)g(x) = f (x)g 0 (x) + f 0 (x)g(x)


• dx derivative of a product
“first times derivative of second plus second times derivative of first”

d f (x) g(x)f 0 (x) − f (x)g 0 (x)

• = derivative of a quotient
dx g(x) g 2 (x)
“bottom times derivative of top minus top times derivative of bottom, over bottom squared”

d
f g(x) = f 0 g(x) g 0 (x)



• dx chain rule, or function of a function rule
“derivative of the outer function times derivative of the inner function”

• d
dx f (ax + b) = af 0 (ax + b) special case of the chain rule

f 0 (ax + b) dx = a1 f (ax + b) + C
R
• integral of a function of a linear function

f 0 g(x) g 0 (x) dx = f g(x) + C

R


• integral of a chain-rule derivative
R
R R
• f (x) + g(x) dx = f (x) dx + g(x) dx integral of a sum
R R
• cf (x) dx = c f (x) dx integral with a constant factor

f (x)g 0 (x) dx = f (x)g(x) − f 0 (x)g(x) dx

R R
• integration by parts
“one part times integral of other, minus integral of derivative of the one times integral of other”
Some basic integrals:
R
f (x) f (x) dx

ex ex + C
xn+1
xn for n 6= −1 +C
n+1
1/x for x 6= 0 ln |x| + C
ax
ax or ex ln(a) for a 6= 1, a > 0 +C
ln(a)
eax
eax for a 6= 0 +C
a
1
cos(ax) for a 6= 0 sin(ax) + C
a
1
sin(ax) for a 6= 0 − cos(ax) + C
a
1 1
for a 6= 0 tan−1 (x/a) + C
x2 + a2 a
1 1
for |x| < |a|, a 6= 0 tanh−1 (x/a) + C
a − x2
2 a
1 1
for |x| > |a|, a 6= 0 − coth−1 (x/a) + C
x − a2
2 a
 
1 1 x − a
for |x| =
6 |a|, a 6= 0 ln  +C
x2 − a2 2a  x + a 
1
√ for a 6= 0 sinh−1 (x/a) + C
x + a2
2
1
√ for |x| < a, a > 0 sin−1 (x/a) + C
a − x2
2
1
√ for x > a, a > 0 cosh−1 (x/a) + C
x − a2
2
1
√ for x < −a, a > 0 − cosh−1 (−x/a) + C
x − a2
2

Z b Z a
definite integral: f (x) dx = − f (x) dx
a b
Z b b
f 0 (x) dx = f (x) a = lim f (x) − lim f (x)

a x→b− x→a+
provided f 0 (x) is continuous for all a < x < b.
Z Z

dx
substitution: f (x) dx =
f x(u) du indefinite integral
du
Z b Z u(b)

dx
f (x) dx = f x(u) du definite integral
a u(a) du
integration by parts:
Z Z
f (x)g 0 (x) dx = f (x)g(x) − f 0 (x)g(x) dx indefinite integral
Z b Z b
0
b
f 0 (x)g(x) dx

f (x)g (x) dx = f (x)g(x) a − definite integral
a a