10

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Information and
Communication
Technology
Learner’s Material

Technical Drafting

GOVERNMENT PROPERTY
NOT FOR SALE
ALLOTTED TO
District/ School: _________________________________________
Division _________________________________________________
First Year of Use:
Department of Education
_________________________________________
Republic
Source of Fund (Year of the Philippines
included):__________________________
Technology and Livelihood Education –Grade 9
Learner’s Material
First Edition, 2013
ISBN: ___________

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC
Undersecretary: Dinah Ocampo, Ph.D.
Assistant Secretary: Lorna D. Dino, Ph.D.

Development Team of the Learner’s Material

Authors:
Cesar T. Arriola, Dr. Dante B. Bermas, Owen M. Milambiling and Dr.
Virgilio O. Guevarra Jr.
Editors:
Reviewers:
Illustrator and Layout Artists:
Subject Specialist: Owen M. Milambiling

Management Team:

Printed in the Philippines by ____________

Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat(DepEd-
IMCS)

Office Address: 2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco Avenue,

Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (02) 634-1054, 634-1072
E-mail Address: imcsetd@yahoo.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Module 1: PERSONAL ENTREPRENUERIAL COMPETENCIES
(PECs) 1

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 Introduction ………………….…………………………………. 1
Objectives ……………………………………………………… 2
Pre-Assessment (Matching Type) …………..………………. 2
Task 2 Guide Questions ……………………………. 3
Learning Goals and Target …….…………………………….. 4
Reading Resources and Instructional Activities …………… 4
Task 3 Group Activity ……………………………….. 4
Know …………………………………………………………… 6
Process ………………………………………………………… 7
Task 4 PECs Checklist ……………………………... 8
Reflect and Understand ………………………………………. 9
Task 5 Interview …………………………………….. 9
Transfer ………..………………………………………………. 12
Task 6: Preparation of a Plan of Action ………….. 12
Task 7: Essential Questions ……………………….. 13
Module 2: ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET (EM) 14
Introduction ………………….………………………………… 14
Objectives ……………………………………………………… 15
Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………. 16
Task 2: Guide Questions …………………………… 17
Learning Goals and Target …………………………………... 18
Reading Resources and Instructional Activities …………… 19
Know ……………………………………………………………. 19
Product Development ………………………………. 19
Concepts of Developing a Product ………………... 20
Finding Value ………………………………………... 23
Innovation ……………………………………………. 23
Unique Selling Proposition (USP) …………………. 23
Process ………………………………………………………… 23
Task 3: Interview ……………………………………. 24
Reflect and Understand ……………………………………… 25
Task 4: Browsing the Internet ……………………… 25
Transfer ……………………………………………………….. 25
Task 5: Product Conceptualization ……………….. 26
Know ……………………………………………………………. 27
Generating Ideas for Business …………………….. 27
Key Concepts of Selecting a Business Idea ……... 29
Branding ……………………………………………… 30
Process ………………………………………………………… 31
Task 6: SWOT Analysis ……………………………. 31
Reflect and Understand ……………………………………… 33
Task 7: Extra Reading and Video Viewing 33
Transfer ……………………………………………………….. 33
Task 8: Designing a Logo …………………………. 33
Task 9: Making My Own Vicinity Map …………….. 34

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Module 3: PREPARING COMPUTER-AIDED DRAWING ……… 35
Introduction …………………………………………………… 35
Objectives…………………………………………………...... 36
Pre-Assessment ……………………………………………… 36
Skills Assessment …………………………………………... 38
Learning Goals andTargets……………………………….... 39
Know………………………………………………………….…
Lesson 1: Operating CAD Software and Computer
CAD Software and Hardware………………… 40
Hardware……………………………………………… 41
System Unit…………………………………………… 41
Central Processing Unit…………………………….. 42
Keyboard……………………………………………… 42
Monitor………………………………………………… 43
Disk Drive…………………………………………….. 43
Mouse / Digitizer……………………………………… 45
Printer / Plotter……………………………………….. 45
Software………………………………………………. 45
Operating System Software………………………… 45
Application Software………………………………… 46
Introduction to CADSystem……………………….. 47
AutoCAD…………………………………………..…. 48
Starting AutoCAD……………………………………. 48
AutoCAD Working Environment……………… 49
The AutoCAD Working Environment ……………… 53
Process ………..……………………………………………….. 53
Suggested Activity 1………………..……………… 53
Know …………………….……………………………………… 55
Basic Drawing Tools…………………………………. 55
Line Command……………………………………………… 56
Polyline Command……………………………………….. 57
Rectangle Command…………………………………….. 57
Polygon Command……………………………………….. 58
Donut Command…………………………………………. 58
Circle Command………………………………………….. 59
Arc Command…………………………………………….. 59
Spline Command…………………………………………. 60
Ellipse Command………………………………………… 61
Object Selection………………………………………….. 61
Selecting Objects by Picking …………………………… 62

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 Crossing and Window Selection Method ……………… 63
Adding and Removing Objects…………………………. 63
Modifying Objects………………………………………… 64
The Erase Command…………………………………….. 64
The Copy Command…………………………………….. 64
Offset Command…………………………………………. 64
Mirror Command………………………………………….. 65
Move Command………………………………………….. 66
Rotate Command…………………………………………. 67
Move Command………………………………………….. 68
Scale Command………………………………………….. 69
Stretch Command………………………………………… 70
Trim Command …………………………………………… 70
Chamfer Command……………………………………….. 74
Fillet Command…………………………………………… 74
Drawing Aids ……………………………………………… 74
Ortho Mode ………………………………………………. 74
Drawing Grid……………………………………………… 75
Snap Mode ……………………………………………….. 75
Units and Scales………………………………………….. 75
Units Control………………………………………………. 76
Object Snap……………………………………………….. 76
Endpoint……………………………………………………. 76
Midpoint…………………………………………………….. 77
Intersection………………………………………………… 77
Extension…………………………………………………… 77
Parallel……………………………………………………… 78
Node………………………………………………………… 79
Creating AutoCAD Blocks …………………………………. 81
Steps in Creating AutoCAD Blocks ………………………. 82
Inserting the AutoCAD Blocks …………………………….. 82
AutoCAD Common Function Keys………………………… 83
Special Key Functions……………………………… 83
Process …………………………………………………………….. 84
Suggested Activity 1………………………………… 84
Reflect and Understand …………………………………………… 85
Suggested Activity 2………………………………… 85
Transfer ……………………………………………………………. 87
Suggested Activity 3………………………………… 88

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 Know ………………………………………………………………. 88
Lesson 2: Preparing Plan Using CAD …………………… 89
Template Files ………………………………………………. 89
Using Template Files……………………………………….. 91
Process …………………………………………………………….. 91
Suggested Activity 1………………………………… 94
Know ………………………………………………………………. 96
Layers ……………………………………………………….. 97
CAD Layer Standards …………………………………….. 97
Metric Units in Modelspace and Paperspace…………… 98
Dimensioning ………………………………………………. 99
Text Style to Assign to Dimensions………………………. 100
Create Dimension Text Style…………………………….. 100
Set up the Status Bar ……………………………………… 102
Create a Layout of Border and Title Block……………… 102
Standard Printing Specifications ………………………… 106
Process ………………………………………………………….... 106
Suggested Activity 2………………………………… 107
Reflect and Understand …………………………………………… 107
Suggested Activity 3………………………………… 108
Know ………………………………………………………………. 108
Create a Layout of Border and Title Block ……………... 108
Transfer ……………………………………………………………. 109
Suggested Activity 4………………………………… 108
Suggested Activity 5…………………………………
Post-Assessment……….………………………………………… 116
Appendixes ………………………………………………………. 116
Module 4: DRAFTING STRUCTURAL LAYOUT AND 117
DETAILS USING CAD……………………………………… 117
Introduction ………………………………………………………… 120
Objectives ………………………………………………………… 120
Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………… 122
Skills Assessment ………………………………………… 122
Learning Goals and Targets …………………………………… 122
Know ……………………………………………………………… 124
Lesson 1: Drafting Foundation Plans ……………………. 125
Technical Terms on Drafting Foundation Plans ………… 125
Using CAD to Draw Foundation Plans …………………… 126
Process …………………………………………………………… 126

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 Suggested Activity 1 ………………………………………. 127
Reflect and Understand …………………………………………. 127
Suggested Activity 2 ………………………………………. 128
Transfer …………………………………………………………… 128
Suggested Activity 3 ………………………………………. 129
Summative Assessment …………………………………… 130
Know ……………………………………………………………… 131
Lesson 2: Drafting Structural Floors Plans………………. 133
Sequence for Drawing Structural Floor Plan in AutoCAD 133
Floor Framing Plans ………………………………………. 133
Process …………………………………………………………… 133
Suggested Activity 1 ……………………………………… 134
Know ……………………..………………………………………. 134
Drafting Roof Framing Plans…………………………….. 135
Layer Method of Drafting Roof Framing Plans…………. 135
Drafting Roof Framing Plans using CAD……………….. 136
Process …………………………………………………………… 136
Suggested Activity 2 ……………………………………… 139
Reflect and Understand ………………………………………… 142
Suggested Activity 3………………………………………
Post Assessment…….……………………………………………
144
Appendixes……………………………………………………….
145
Module 5: DRAFTING ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC LAYOUT 145
AND DETAILS USING CAD……………………………….. 145
Introduction ………………………………………………………… 146
Objectives …………………………………………………………. 147
Pre-Assessment …………………………………………………… 148
Skills Assessment …………………………………………… 148
Learning Goals and Targets …………………………………….. 148
Know ……………………………………………………………….. 149
Lesson 1: Draft Electrical Plans and Lay-outs……………… 149
Using CAD to Draw Electrical Plans ……………………….. 150
Prepare Plan Using CAD ……………………………………. 150
Creating an AutoCAD Electrical Drawing Template ……… 151
Process ………………………………………………………………. 151
Suggested Activity 1…………………………………………… 153
Reflect and Understand …………………………………………….. 153
Suggested Activity 2 ………………………………………….. 154
Transfer ……………………………………………………………….

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 Suggested Activity ……………………………………………. 154
Know …………………………………………………………………. 155
Lesson 2: Drafting Auxiliary System Using CAD 155
Steps in Drawing the Auxiliary System Plan………. 155
Process ……………………………………………………………… 155
Suggested Activity 1 ………………………………………… 156
Reflect and Understand …………………………………………… 156
Suggested Activity 2 ………………………………………… 157
Transfer …………………………………………………………….. 158
Summative Assessment ……………………………………
Post-Assessment ………………………………………………… 160
Appendixes ………………………………………………………… 160
Module 6: DRAFTING SANITARY AND PLUMBING LAYOUT 161
AND DETAILS USING AutoCAD………………………….. 161
Introduction …………………………………………………………. 163
Objectives …………………………………………………………… 164
Pre-Assessment …………………………………………………… 165
Skills Assessment …………………………………………… 165
Learning Goals and Targets ……………………………………… 165
Know ………………………………………………………………… 166
Lesson 1: Drafting Water Distribution Systems …………… 166
The Design Center AutoCAD Blocks for Pipe Fittings……. 166
Isometric Drawing in AutoCAD ……………………………… 167
Process ……………………………………………………………… 167
Suggested Activity 1…………………………………………… 168
Common Piping Symbols ……………………………………. 168
Suggested Activity 2…………………………………………… 168
Reflect and Understand …………………………………………… 168
Suggested Activity 3…………………………………………. 170
Transfer……………………………………………………………… 170
Suggested Activity 4………..………………………………… 170
Know…………………………………………………………………. 170
Lesson 2: Drafting Storm Drainage Plan Using CAD……. 171
Process………………………………………………………………. 171
Suggested Activity 1………..………………………………… 171
Reflect and Understand…………………………………………… 171
Suggested Activity 2………..……………………………….. 171
Transfer……………………………………………………………… 174
Suggested Activity 3………………………………………….

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 Post Assessment…………………………………………………… 175
Appendixes…………………………………………………………. 175
Module 7: DRAFTING MECHANICAL LAYOUT 176
AND DETAILS USING AutoCAD…………………………. 176
Introduction ………………………………………………………… 178
Objectives …………………………………………………………. 179
Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………….. 180
Skills Assessment ……………………………………………
Learning Goals and Targets ……………………………………… 180
Know ……………………………………………………………….. 183
Lesson 1: Drafting Heating, Ventilating and Air- 183
Conditioning (HVAC) Systems Using CAD………………. 184
AutoCAD Mechanical Symbols Library……………………. 184
Simple Heat Loss and Gain Calculations…………………. 184
Air Conditioning Calculations - Rule Of Thumb………….. 185
Process ……………………………………………………………… 185
Suggested Activity 1……………………………………………. 186
Reflect and Understand …………………………………………… 186
Suggested Activity 2……………………………………………. 188
Transfer ………………………………………………………………
Suggested Activity 3……………………………………………. 188
Know ……………………………………………………………….. 186
Lesson 2: Drafting Mechanical Details of Conveyor 187
Systems using CAD……………………………… 187
Elevator Drawings ………………………………………….. 187
Process ……………………………………………………………… 187
Suggested Activity 1………………………………………………
Reflect and Understand …………………………………………… 189
Suggested Activity 2…………………………………………….. 189
189
Transfer ……………………………………………………………… 189
Suggested Activity 3……………………………………………. 191
Know ………………………………………………………………… 191
Lesson 3: Drafting Fire Protection Systems using CAD….. 191
Process ……………………………………………………………… 191
Suggested Activity 1……………………………………………… 192
Reflect and Understand …………………………………………… 192
Suggested Activity 2…………………………………………….. 192
Transfer ……………………………………………………………… 194

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 Suggested Activity 3……………………………………………..
Post Assessment ……………………………………………………
Appendixes ……………………………………………………………

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