在英文表达中，主谓的搭配是永远的核心，无论修饰的成分有多长多复杂，记得一定要找出真正的中心词。在 GMAT 语法考点

中，一定要注意的一个问题就是主谓一致，这也属于常考考点之一。主谓一致考点的常见考察形式是将句子主谓隔开，给考试造
成迷惑和困扰。有的时候划线部分划在谓语，需要去找题干中未划线的真正的主语；有的时候划线部分在主语，需要去找题干中
未划线的真正的谓语。下面我们就一起来看下 GMAT 考试的真实例题。

1. 一道题考查了二组主谓一致的判断：
The direction in which the Earth and the other solid planets—Mercury, Venus, and Mars—
spins were determined from collisions with giant celestial bodies in the early history of the solar system.
A spins were determined from
B spins were determined because of
C spins was determined through
D spin was determined by
E spin was determined as a result of
解析：这道题考查了二组主谓一致，一组的主语是 the Earth and the other solid planets，谓语是 spin；另一组的主语是
direction，谓语是 was。所以同时符合要求的选项只有 DE。再在 DE 里选择，非常容易可以排除 E 选 D。

2. 将句中主语和谓语隔地非常远，中间加入修饰：
Recent essays by Garrison Keillor, the humorist and host of the public radio show A Prairie Home Companion, describ
es what might happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths were to invade Chicago.
(A) describes what might happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths were to invade
(B) describes what would happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths invaded
(C) describes what would happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths would have invaded
(D) describe what might happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths were to invade
(E) describe what happen if Huns, Goths, and Visigoths invade
解析：首先，分析句子结构是：S，插入语，VO，可以发现主语是 essays，并且和谓语 describe 相隔较远，但根据主语 essays
是复数，所以排除 ABC，在 DE 里选择。

The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as t
he killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.
A include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is
B include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and
C include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being
D includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is
E includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is
解析：根据题干分析，主语是 32 species，接下来是一长串的定语从句，跳过定从修饰，才是句子真正的谓语 include，根据主
语 32 species 是复数，所以排除 DE，在 ABC 中选择。

3. “of”结构常出现在主谓一致考点中，迷惑考生找不到真正的中心词：
The lack of complete historical records from the mid-to-late 1800’
s have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators．
A. have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators
B. have made for difficulties in tracing some inventions by Blacks to their originators
C. have made it difficult to trace some inventions by Blacks to their originators
D. has made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Black originators
E. has made it difficult in tracing some Black inventions to their originators
解析：本题较为简单，考主谓一致与 make 的用法。用上题思路，依据题干简化句子，发现主语是 the lack，那么谓语部分一定
要用单数，不能用 have。因而 A、B、C 均错。

The list of animals that exhibits a preference of either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been
expanded to include the lower vertebrates.
A exhibits a preference of either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include
B exhibits the preference to use either the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded and includ
es
C exhibit a preference in either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include
D exhibit a preference for using either the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include
E exhibit the preference as to either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded and in
cludes
解析：题目中出现了非常明显的“A of B”这种结构，但值得注意的是划线部分是定语从句，那么一定要修饰先行词。所以找到
中心词是 animals，animals 是复数，谓语部分一定要用 exhibit，所以排除 AB，在 CDE 里选择。

动词形式考点在 GMAT 里称为 verb form，主要涵盖了时态，语态，情态，语气这些方面的内容的考查，比如会考查大家对一般

过去时、现在完成时以及过去完成时的理解，或者也会考查虚拟语气的相关内容，甚至于说主动语态和被动语态的选取，下面我
们分别从这几个方面来为大家剖析下 GMAT 里的动词形式考点。

1. 题干中出现虚拟语气时，should 一般要被省略：
The report recommended that the hospital should eliminate unneeded beds, expensive services should be consolidate
d, and use space in other hospitals.
A should eliminate unneeded beds, expensive services should be consolidated, and use space in other hospitals
B should eliminate unneeded beds, expensive services should be consolidated, and other hospitals' space be used
C should eliminate unneeded beds, expensive services should be consolidated, and to use space in other hospitals
D eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensive services, and other hospitals' space used
E eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensive services, and use space in other hospitals
解析：题干里出现了二个 should，那么遵循 should 最好省略的原则，应该排除 ABC，在 DE 里继续选择。

2. 一般过去时&现在完成时&过去完成时是 GMAT 中常考的三种时态：

The results of the company's cost- cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the f
irst three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
A which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
解析：这道题目里出现了三种时态，题干部分也给出了二种不同的时间提示。根据句意，我们找到的提示词应该是
during the first three months of this year，表示一个持续的时间段，所以应该用现在完成时，所以正确答案为 C。

Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that
without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.
A have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally
B raised hopes for there being a recovery finally
C had raised hopes for a recovery finally being
D has raised hopes that a recovery is finally
E raised hopes for a recovery finally
解析：对比五个选项，我们发现囊括了三种常考时态。根据题干中的时间提示词“under way”可以推断出表示的是“已经开始
了并正在进行中…”的意思，所以是持续的动作，要用现在完成时，排除 BCE，在 AD 中继续选择。

3. 主动语态在动作发出者已知的情况下优选：
While studying the genetic makeup of corn, a new class of mutant genes was discovered by Barbara McClintock, a dis
covery which led to greater understanding of cell differentiation.
A a new class of mutant genes was discovered by Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led
B a new class of mutant genes in corn were discovered by Barbara McClintock, leading
C Barbara McClintock discovered a new class of mutant genes, and it led
D Barbara McClintock discovered a new class of mutant genes, a discovery that led
E Barbara McClintock, who discovered a new class of mutant genes, leading
解析：这道题的五个选项经过对比之后，不难发现 AB 是用的被动语态，而 CDE 用的是主动语态。动作发出者也非常明确，就是
Barbara McClintock 这个人，所以 CDE 是优选，优选在这三个选项中选择。

4. 情态动词不可随意替代/增加/删除：
Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends on if it can broaden its membershi
p and leave its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts.
A if it can broaden its membership and leave
B whether it can broaden its membership and leave
C whether or not it has the capability to broaden its membership and can leave
D its ability for broadening its membership and leaving
E the ability for it to broaden its membership and leave
解析：通过题目的划线部分，出现了“can”，再看五个选项，发现 CDE 都替换掉了“can”，改成 capability 或 ability 了，所
以优先在 AB 中选择，A 用 if 表是否存在歧义，所以正确答案是 B。

逻辑语义考点是考生们在所有 SC 考点中最难把握的一个，由于难度较大，导致很多考生在做题时其实并不清楚自己是否理解了
最恰当的语义表达，也不清楚到底哪个选项的语义是不合理的。其实，在 SC 中有很多方面都和逻辑语义息息相关。比如一句话
的主语发生改变，一句话的时态发生改变，一句话的语态发生改变，句中修饰成分发生改变，都会引起逻辑语义的改变，从而影
响整句话有可能会产生歧义或表达出错误意思。

1.主语发生改变导致逻辑语义发生改变：
Outlining his strategy for nursing the troubled conglomerate back to health, the chief executive's plans were announc
ed on Wednesday for cutting the company's huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months.
A executive's plans were announced on Wednesday for cutting the company's huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion i
n assets over the next 18 months
B executive's plans, which are to cut the company’
s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months, were announced on Wednesday
C executive’
s plans for cutting the company's huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months were anno
unced on Wednesday
D executive announced plans Wednesday to cut the company's huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over t
he next 18 months
E executive announced plans Wednesday that are to cut the company’
s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next
解析：根据题目，题干开头是 Outlining his strategy for…，那么 outlining 这个动作只有可能是人（即 executive）发出，不可
能由 executive’s plans 发出，所以排除 ABC，因为 ABC 三个选项都改变最恰当语义中的主语。

Despite its covering the entire planet, Earth has a crust that is not seamless or stationary, rather it is fragmented into
mobile semirigid plates.
A Despite its covering the entire planet, Earth has a crust that is not seamless or stationary, rather it is
B Despite the fact that it covers the entire planet, Earth's crust is neither seamless nor is it stationary, but is
C Despite covering the entire planet, Earth's crust is neither seamless nor is it stationary, but rather
D Although it covers the entire planet, Earth’s crust is neither seamless nor stationary, but rather
E Although covering the entire planet, Earth has a crust that is not seamless or stationary, but
解析：看完 A 选项应该有个明确的疑问 its covering the entire planet 是谁发出的动作？Earth 吗？在句意上不符合逻辑，而应
该是 Earth's crust，只有 crust 才可以发出 cover 这个动作，所以可以排除 AE。

2. 连词发生改变，导致句间关系改变，导致逻辑语义发生改变：
Books in European libraries last longer than books in libraries in the United States because, although the climate in Eu
rope is fairly humid, libraries there are not subjected to the extremes of temperature and humidity that damage collec
tions in the United States.
A because, although the climate in Europe is fairly humid, libraries there are not subjected to the extremes of tempera
ture and humidity that
B because, although the climate in Europe is fairly humid, libraries there are not subject of the extremes of temperatur
e and humidity as those that
C because, although the climate in Europe is fairly humid, libraries there are not subjected to the extremities of tempe
rature and humidity as
D because the climate in Europe is fairly humid, but still libraries there are not subject of the extremes of temperature
and humidity as
E because the climate in Europe is fairly humid, but libraries there are not subjected to the extremities of temperature
and humidity such as those that
解析：根据句意，“尽管欧洲气候潮湿，但是图书馆仍然…”,是非常明显的让步关系，但 DE 二个选项都把让步关系改成了转折
关系，将句中的 although 替换成了 but，错误。

3. 修饰成分发生改变，引起逻辑语义发生改变：
Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose ar
ms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.
A saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang
B saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging
C saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
D seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
E seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung
解析：这道题里出现的修饰成分，一个是 whose 修饰，另一个是 with 修饰；明显需要我们去对比 whose 修饰和 with 修饰哪个
更加合适，根据修饰的原则，这里应该用 with 修饰，作状语，表伴随。所以排除 ABE，在 CD 中选择。

定语
定语的功能：修饰名词，相当于形容词
成份：词、短语、句子都是可以做定语的
The boy is my brother.
The handsome boy is my brother.
The handsome boy in blue jeans is my brother.
The handsome boy spending too much time playing computer games is my brother.
The handsome boy encouraged to abandon video games is my brother.
The boy to write this letter is my brother.
The handsome boy naughty enough is my brother.

定语从句修饰
功能：修饰前面最近的名词，相当于形容词
形式：先行词（名词）+关系代词/关系副词（who/whom/whose/that/which; where/in which/when/at which/why）
原则：
关系词的选择：1、在确定是定语从句之后，就要找准先行词，看它是指人还是指物，是时间还是地点。2、要弄清楚先行词在定
语中做什么成分。作主语和宾语时使用关系代词，否则关系副词。
Which 引导非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰其前最近的名词。Use “which” only refers to nouns.
The boy who is from Germany is handsome.
The boy whom I met yesterday is handsome.
The boy whose face attracted thousands of girls is handsome.
The flowers (that) you gave me are beautiful. （That 在定语从句中作宾语可以省略）

同位语从句修饰
同位语的功能：解释某个名词
同位语的类型：
1、词： Yesterday I met Curry，a sport star.
Curry, a MVP in NBA, is pretty low-key.
He is interested in sports, especially basketball.
Currently 26 billion barrels a year， world consumption of oil is rising at a rate of 2%。
2、短语：LeBron came back for a reason, to lead Calvary to the final game.
People, young and old, love…
3、句子同位：China develops fast, a development that… （对句子的解释）
4、同位语从句：抽象名词+that

状语修饰
状语的功能：修饰主句的动词（修饰主句），相当于副词
或者也可以修饰谓语和逻辑主语——独立主格
状语的类型：
词（副词、名词）、短语（分词短语、介词短语）、句子都可以作状语
状语按照修饰功能不同可以分为八大类：时间状语、地点状语、条件状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语和比较状
语
例子：we should serve people heart and soul.
Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home.
我专程来看你。I came specially to see to. （在定语的位置上，表结果是状语）
Ten years ago, Curry was playing in a college school team.
The boy was praised for his bravery.

独立主格修饰

例题：
1、
Rising inventories, when unaccompanied correspondingly by increases in sales, can lead to production cutbacks that
would hamper economic growth.
A when unaccompanied correspondingly by increases in sales, can lead
B when not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, possibly leads
C when they were unaccompanied by corresponding sales increases, can lead
D if not accompanied by correspondingly increased sales, possibly leads
E if not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, can lead
2、Emily Dickinson’
s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’
s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’
s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.
A Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’
s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering
B Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’
s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
C Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’
s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886 and outnumbering
D Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’
s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering
E Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’
s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber

3、
Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging, the manufacturer has announced that it will cut pr
oduction by closing its factories for two days a month.
A Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging,
B Because of plunging prices for computer chips, which is due to an oversupply,
C Because computer chip prices have been sent plunging, which resulted from an oversupply,
D Due to plunging computer chip prices from an oversupply,
E Due to an oversupply, with the result that computer chip prices have been sent plunging,

4、Currently 26 billion barrels a year, world consumption of oil is rising at a rate of 2 percent annually.
A world consumption of oil is rising at a rate of
B the world is consuming oil at an increasing rate of
C the world’s oil is being consumed at the increasing rate of
D the rise in the rate of the world’s oil consumption is
E oil is consumed by the world at an increasing rate of

识别标志词：and, or, but, either…or…, neither…nor…,not only…but also…, between…and…, from…to…,

Idioms with built-in parallel structures：

Distinguish…from…, think of/view… as…, consider X Y, estimate…to be…, in contrast to X, Y, mistake…for…, whether…
or…， the more…the better…,
Rather than＞instead of

基本原则：
1、 概念对等（从常识的角度看平行）
1.1 人与人平行，物与物平行
1.2 整体与整体平行；部分与部分平行
Japan and all other industrial nations.
The trees of forest A and those of/others of forest B
1.3 同类的词性平行——词、短语、句子
例如：It’s important to leave your money in the drawer rather than on the table.
1.4 同类的名词平行（3）
具体化名词平行（Concrete/Plain noun）
抽象名词平行
动作性名词平行（Action noun）define-definition
例如：
The rebels demanded the withdrawing of government forces from the region, the releasing of political prisoners and r
aising of rebel flags on holidays. (错误)
The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from the region, the release of political prisoners and the r
aising of rebel flags on holidays. (正确)

例题：
1、
Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many are members of
hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.
(A) about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many
(B) of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many
(C) that is about the same size as Great Britain’
s land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them
(D) comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many
(E) comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom
2、
Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, and compared with sport utility vehicles, most cost less, get better gas m
ileage, and make it easy for passengers to get in and out, and have a smoother, more car-like ride.
A and make it easy for passengers to get in and out
B and allow passengers to get in and out easily
C and allow passengers to get in and out more easily
D make it easier for passengers when getting in and out
E allow passengers to get in and out more easily

识别标志词：
Like，unlike, as,
Compare, in contrast to/with+具体化名词，on the contrary, opposite to/ of,
Than, as/so…as
Exceed, surpass, outnumber, outshine
Be overshadowed by, be different from

原则：
1、 comparisons also have to follow basic parallelism rules.

2、 Comparison elements 必须一样

3、 Compare 的用法：
（1） compare A with B, compare with A, B… 比较 A 和 B 的不同
（2） compare to A, B…比较 A 和 B 的不同
compare A to B 将 A 比作 B

4、 like、unlike 表比较时的用法
原则：like/unlike 通常不放在句中
Like/unlike + n./v.
举例只能使用 for example/such as
例如：I danced like you last night.
Like you, I danced last night.
Phillip Jackson coached basketball players like Kobe Bryant. (ambiguous!)
= Phillip Jackson coached basketball players who are like Kobe Bryant.
Or= Phillip Jackson coached basketball players in the same way as Kobe Bryant coaches basketball players.
I love top athletes like Curry. (Similar to)
5、 as 表比较时的用法：
(1) Comparison as；as can be used to compare 2 clauses Like/unlike + n./v.
You should not do this as she asks you to do. (=in the same way,)
(2) Just as A do, so do B

6、 as 的其他用法：
（1） Conjunction as（3 种意思）
As 2 lovers strolled in the park, they smelled the fragrance. (=when/while)
因为
（2） Prepositional as (3 种意思)
As a student, you should… （in the role of）
I think of you as my friend. (短语 think of…as…)
As a child，I thought I could fly. （=when I was）

例题：
1、Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—
less than those killed by bee stings.
A movies—less than those
B movies—fewer than have been
C movies, which is less than those
D movies, a number lower than the people
E movies, fewer than the ones

2、 Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-

Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in th
e Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
(A) that flourished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were

3、Retail sales rose 8/10 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-
September quarter more than doubled that of the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quart
er.
A that personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubled that of
B that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double
C of personal spending in the July-September quarter, that it more than doubled
D of personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubling that of
E of personal spending in the July-September quarter, that it would more than double that of

句子结构这个考点是 SC 的基本考点。想要掌握好这个考点，必须学会如何分析句子结构。

常见的句子主干有：
S+Vi He smiles.
S+Vt+O I love you.
S+V+P I am a teacher.
S+V+O+O He gave me a pen.
S+V+O+P He found the house empty.

在句子结构完整性中，常会出现的问题是缺主语、缺谓语或缺主句。

缺谓语
The filibuster, a parliamentary device that slows the snail’
s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associate
d with it, seems more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications.
(A) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(B) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone who is associated with it, seeming to be
(C) sessions, tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(D) sessions, that tests the endurance of everyone associated with it and seems
(E) sessions, testing the endurance of everyone associated with it and seeming
分析：原句的主谓是 the filibuster seems...句子结构完整；
A 正确
B 缺谓语
C tests seems 有 2 个谓语动词；
D 缺谓语
E 缺谓语

Although appearing less appetizing than most of their round and red supermarket cousins, heirloom tomatoes, grown
from seeds saved during the previous year—they are often green and striped, or have plenty of bumps and bruises—
heirlooms are more flavorful and thus in increasing demand.
A Although appearing less appetizing than most of their round and red supermarket cousins, heirloom tomatoes, gro
wn from seeds saved during the previous year
B Although heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds saved during the previous year, appear less appetizing than most o
f their round and red supermarket cousins
C Although they appear less appetizing than most of their round and red supermarket cousins, heirloom tomatoes, gr
own from seeds saved during the previous year
D Grown from seeds saved during the previous year, heirloom tomatoes appear less appetizing than most of their rou
nd and red supermarket cousins
E Heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds saved during the previous year, although they appear less appetizing than m
ost of their round and red supermarket cousins

分析：原句中 although 引导的状语从句中 heirloom tomatoes 缺谓语动词；

在句法结构中，标点也是很重要的一个考点。要了解逗号和分号的用法。
逗号不能连接 2 个独立的句子，分号必须连接两个独立的句子。

Like many others of his generation of Native American leaders, Joseph Brant lived in two worlds; born into an Iroquois
community and instructed in traditional Iroquois ways, he also received an education from English-speaking teachers.
(A) Like many others of his generation of Native American leaders, Joseph Brant lived in two worlds;
(B) Like many others of his generation of Native American leaders, living in two worlds, Joseph Brant was
(C) Like many another of his generation of Native American leaders, Joseph Brant, living in two worlds, was
(D) As with many others of his generation of Native American leaders, living in two worlds, Joseph Brant was
(E) As with many another of his generation of Native American leaders, Joseph Brant lived in two worlds

A recent poll indicates that many people in the United States hold a combination of conservative and liberal political v
iews; i.e., they denounce big government, saying government is doing too much and has become too powerful, while
at the same time supporting many specific government programs for health care, education, and the environment.
A they denounce big government, saying government is doing too much and has become too powerful, while at the s
ame time supporting
B they denounce big government--they say that government is doing too much and has become too powerful--
but supporting at the same time
C they denounce big government, they say that government is doing too much and it has become too powerful, while
they support at the same time
D while they denounce big government, saying that government is doing too much and has become too powerful, at
the same time supporting
E while they are denouncing big government--
they say that government is doing too much and it has become too powerful-- supporting at the same time
分析：DE 选项分号后面缺少主句；

代词是一个风险考点，要特别注意指代的问题。常见的代词考法有以下几种；

1.代词 it 错误指代复数名词

The results of the company's cost- cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the f
irst three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
A which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen

分析：根据语义判断，AB 选项中 after it 中的 it 指代的是 profits,单数代词不能指代复数名词；

2.代词存在指代歧义；
In Japan, a government advisory committee called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the
largest telephone company in the world, so it would be two local phone companies and one long-distance provider.
A In Japan, a government advisory committee called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, t
he largest telephone company in the world, so it would be
B The breakup of the world's largest telephone company, Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, was called for
by a government advisory committee in Japan, so it would be
C A government advisory committee in Japan called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, t
he world's largest telephone company, into
D The breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the world's largest telephone company, was called for
by a government advisory committee in Japan, so it would be
E Called for by a government advisory committee, the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company in Japa
n, the world's largest telephone company, was to be into
分析：原句中的 it 存在指代 a government advisory committee 的可能，指代不清

3.在同一句话中相同代词指代相同事物
As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500
, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.
(A) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/
500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.
(B) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/
500, or legally blind as an adult.
(C) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision would be rated about 20/500;
qualifying it to be legally blind if an adult.
(D) A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/
500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind.(D)
(E) As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb, its rudimentary sense of vision, which would deemed legally bl
ind for an adult, would be rated about 20/500.
分析：原句中有 2 个 it，都是做主语的成分，根据语义判断，第一个 it 指代的是 vision，第二个指的是 baby；相同代词要指代
同一事物，因此 A 错