& American Welding Society AWS D1.6/D1.6M:2007 An American National Standard iE EE Structural Welding Code— Stainless SteelAWS D1.6/D1.6M:2007 An American National Standard Approved by the American National Standards Institute January 4, 2007 Structural Welding Code— Stainless Steel 2nd Edition Supersedes AWS D1.6:1999 Prepared by the ‘American Welding Society (AWS) D1 Commintee on Structural Welding Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Commitee Approved by the AWS Boanl of Directors Abstract ‘This code covers the requirements for welding stainless stel structural assemblies. American Welding Society 550 N.W, LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS D1.103.6412007 International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-063-5 ‘American Welding Society 350 N.W. Leleune Road, Miami, FL 33126 © 2007 by American Welding Society All rights reserved Printed in the United Staes of America, Photocopy Rights. No portion ofthis standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval systema, or transmitted in any form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission ofthe copyright owner. “Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or ‘educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA. 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Incernet: ‘www copyright.com>.AVIS 01.6001.6M:2007 Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards All sundarls odes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American ‘Welding Society (AWS) ae voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the “American National Standards Intute (ANSI), When AWS American National Standars are ether incorporated in, or mace part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govem- ‘ental bodies, their provisions cary the full egal auhority ofthe statute. In such eases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards cary the fll legal authority of the contractor other dogument that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties. ‘AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volanters representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus, While AWS administers the pracess and establishes rules to promote faimess in the development of consensus. it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgements contained in ts standards, AWS disclaims lability for any injury to persons ar to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of or reliance on this standard. AWS also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. {im issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or ‘on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances, ‘This standart may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the lates edition, Publication ofthis standard does not authorize inftingemeot of any patent or trade name. Users of tis standard accept any and all abies for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS diselains ability forthe infringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard, Finally, AWS does not monitor, police, orenforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do $0. n oocasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constinuting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are posted fon the AWS web page (www. aws.org). Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, tothe appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Autention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, $50 N.W. Leleune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex K). ‘With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. ‘These opinions are offered solely as @ convenience to users ofthis standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the panicular individuals giving them. These individuals 4do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation. ‘This standacd is subject to revision at any time by the AWS Dt Committee on Structural Welding, It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed of withdrawn. Coraments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS DI Committee on Structural Welding and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee's response to the comments. Guests are ited to attend all meetings of the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision conceming all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Comminee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126,AWS D101 6442007 ‘This page is intentionally blank. acaen mmc sarvnd aetna en Settrtearaameeeretangu‘AWS D1.8/01.66:2007 Personnel AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding D.D. Rager, Chair D.K Miller, Ist Viee Chair A.W. Sindel, 2nd Vice Chair LL. Gayler, Secretary NJ. Altebrando E.G. Armao E.L Bickford F.C. Breismeister B.M. Butler HH. Campbell, II L.E.Collins R.B. Cobit M. V. Davis R.A. Dennis M.A. Grieco CR Hess C.W, Holmes MJ. Mayes D.L: McQuaid RD. Medio J. Meni Th D.C. Phillips JW, Post T. Schlafly D.R. Scout D.A. Shapira RE Shaw, J. RW. Stieve PJ. Sulivan MM, Tayarani KK Verma B.D. Wright Roger Consulting, Incorporated The Lincoln Electric Company Sindel and Associates American Welding Sociery STV, Incorporaied The Lincoln Electric Company Acute Technologieat Services Strocal, Incorporated Walt Disney World Company Pazuzu Engineering Teasn Industries, Incorporated Exelon Nuclear Corporation Consutant Consultant Massachuserts Highway Department High Steel Structures, Incorporated -Modjeski and Masters, Incorporated ConecoPhitiips Genesis Quality Systems American Engineering & Manufacturing, Incorporated Butler Manufacturing Company Canadian Welding Bureau Department of te Army (MHP Systems Engineering Mayes Testing Engineers, incorporated DL MeQuaid and Associates, Incorporated High Sice! Structures, Incorporated MACTEC, Incorporated ‘Minnesota Department of Transportation Hobart Brothers Company J.W. Post and Associates, Incorporated American institute of Steel Construction PSI Washingion Group International Steet Structures Technology Center, Incorporated Greenman-Pederson, Incorporated -Massachuseits Highteay Department (Retired) Massachuseits Turmpite Authority Federal Highway Administration Advantage Aviation Technologies Advisors to the D1 Committee on Structural Welding W.G. Alexander E.M. Beck (0. W. Blodgett WOAPE MACTEC, Incorporated ‘The Lincoln Electric CompanyANS 01.901 842007 Advisors to the D1 Committee on Structural Welding (Continued) GL. Fox ALR Fronduti G.3. Hill M.L, Hoitomt W.A.Milek, Je. LE Myers D.L. Sprow Consultant Rex Frond and Associates G.J, Hilt and Associates, Incorporated Hoitomt Consulting Services Consultant Consultant Consultant DIK Subcommittee on Stainless Steel Welding B.M. Butler, Coehair B.A, Shapira, Cochair W. Jaxa-Rozen, Vice Chair U.W. Aschemsier RE Avery D.K. Baird F.C. Breismeister 1H. Chambers RB, Corbit J.Grewe MJ. Harker G.1. Hill D.J. Kotecki D.R Luciani J.B. Pearson, J. A.W, Sindel B.D. Wright 0. Zollinger Walt Disney World Company ‘Washington Group International Bombardier Transportation HC Nutting Nickel Institute Bechtel National Incorporated Strocal Incorporated ‘Nelson Stud Welding Exelon Nuclear Corporation Omaha Public Power District Idaho National Laboratory GI Hill & Associares ‘The Lincoln Electric Company Canadian Welding Bureau LIK Engineering Services Sindel & Associates ‘Advantage Aviation Technologies Copeland Corporation ‘Advisors to the D1K Subcommittee on Stainless Steel Welding J.D. Duncan M. L. Hoitome ER Holby J. Merrill, Bechtel Corporation Consultant TER Engineering MACTEC, IncorporatedAWS 01.6701.6412007 Foreword ‘This foreword is not part of AWS D1.6/D1.6M:2007, Structural Welding Code—Siainless Steel, ‘but is included for informational purposes only. “This is the second edition of the AWS D1.6, Strucnural Welding Code—Stainless Steel; the first edition was published in 11999. This code is the product of a poo! of experss arriving at a consensus position, in keeping with the American National Standard Institute's requirements. This code covers the requirements for welding stainless steel components other than pressure vessels or pressure piping. For many years, fabrications involving stainless steel welding have used AWS D1.1/DI.IM, Structural Welding Code— Sieel, to provide the requirements for quality construction. However, as the AWS D1. document is writen forthe car~ bon and low alloy steels commonly encountered in structural fabrication, it does not explicitly address the unique re- guirements of the stainless steels. The AWS Structural Welding Commitice thus recognized the industry need for an AWS D1LI analogue designed for the welding of siintess steel wrougiit and eest shapes and plates. ‘The most noticeable feature of D1.6 isthe allowance of prequalified Welding Procedure Specifications (WSS) forthe austenitic stainless stels. This exemption from qualification testing is based on considerable experience with the most widely used suanless steels. from the 1999 edition. A Yertica ine in the margin next1o a figure indicates a revision from the 1999 edition. Changes to Clause 2 are not indicated in the chapter since the substantial earganization of Clause 7 makes it too difficult to idemify technical changes. ‘The following is a summary of the most significant technical revisions contained in DI 6/DJ.6M:2007: ‘Clause 1 was reorpanized to add elements found within AWS D1./D1.IM. ‘Terms specific to this code were added in 1.3 for clarity. ‘Responsibilities of parties involved in structural welding were clarified in 1.4. (Clause 2 was rewrinten to bring its des nenments into closer accord with AWS D1.1/DLLIM. “The fatigue provisions in Clause 2 were revised, ‘Provisions for filet welds and plug and slot welds were added to Table 2.1 and 2.2. ‘The provisions for fillet we les and slots in Clause 2 were revised, A comprehensive suggested filler metal char for various combinations of stainless steels and other ferrous base metals was added as an anne, ‘Now commentary for Clause 2 ws ‘Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be seat to the Secretary, AWS D1 Commitee on Structural Welding, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. (Rope Seraph a ‘etruasnews easae Sut‘AWS D1.81D1 6442007 ‘This page is imentionally blank. Eom Aretean io Ss “a‘AWS D1.601.6M:2007 Table of Contents Design of Welded Connections... ~ fa General Requitements, 2.0. Generat.. 2.2. Eccentricity of Connections. 23 Allowable Stresses Part B—Weld Lengths and Areas Part C—Miscellaneous Structural Details... 26 General. 27 Filler Plates. 28 Lap Joints. 29° ‘Transitions of Butt Joints in Nonubular Connections 2.10 Transitions in Tubular Connections. 2.11 Connections oF Splices.eron: 2.12 Built-Up Members in Statcaly Loaded Structures. nn 2.13 Noncomtinuous Beams ..e.e- 2.14 Specifie Requirements for Cyclically Loaded Sucre. 2.15 Combinations of Different Types of Welds... 2.16 Skewed T-Joims, ixAWS.01.0101.8M2007 Part B—Prequalified Processes... 33° Genera. 34 Welding Processes... 3.5 Other Welding Processes ssemnninunsnsnsmeneninvonnn Part C—~Base Metals. 3.6 Base Metals for Prequalified WPSs... 3.7 Auxiliary Component Base Metals 3.8. Base Metal for Weld Tabs and Backing .. Part D—Prequalified Filler Metals, Fluses, anel Gases 3.9 Filler Metals ns 3.10 Electrodes for SMAW.vrsnon 3.11 Electrodes and Fluxes for SAW.. 3.12 Consumables for GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW Part E—Weld Sizes for Prequalified Joints 3.13 General non 3.14 Prequalified Fillet Welds 3.15 Prequalified Partial Joint Penetration (P!P) Groove Welds in Nontubular Connections 3.16 Prequalified Panal Joint Penetration (PIP) Groove Welds in Tubular Connection... 3.17 Prequalified Flare-Bevel Groove Sizes. 3.18 Prequalified Skewed Joints. 3.19 Prequalified Plug and Sloe Weld Sizes 320 Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration (CIP) Groove Wels in Nontubular Connections... 3.21 Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration (CIP) Groove Welds in Tubular Connections Part F_Prequalified Nontubulor Joint Details. ~ se r 3.22 Gener mn : 323 Panial Joint Penetration PIP) Groove Welds. 3.24 Complete Joint Penetration (CIP) Groove Welds... 3.25 Plug and Slot Weld 3.26 Flare-Bevel Groove Welds... Part G—Prequalified Tubular Joint Details. 3.27 Gem ne 3.28 Prequalified Joints. Part HPrequalified WPS Requirements. [329 Genet annum 3.30 Plug and Slot Welds. Quatitcation. Part A—WPS Qualification Requirements... 41 Genera 42 Essential Variables for WPS Qualification. 43. WPS Qualification Requirements. 44 Fillet Welds 43 Tests Requited for Groove and Fillet Welds 46 Types, Purposes, and Acceptance Criteria of Tests for ac BPefomance Cualifeaton Regu for Welders and Welding Opes ern 47 General 48. Limitaion of Variables for Welder Perlormance Qualification ass 49 Limitation of Variables for Welding Operator Performance Qualification 4.10 Types, Purposes, and Acceptance Criteria of Tests and Examinations for Welders and ‘Welding Operators stnAWS D1.901.64:2007 Preparation of Base Meta 53. Assembly. 5.4 Assembly Tolerances... 5.5. Distortion of Members. 5.6 Groove Weld Backing... 5.7. Tack Welds and Temporary Welds 5.8 Peening 5.9. Weld Termination... 5.10 Weld Cleaning mnmnmmn S.L1 Weld Profiles 5.12 Weld Metal Removal and Repair. 5.13 Base Metal Repairs by Welding 5.14 Mislocated Hotes. 5.15 Inaceessibility of Unacceptable Welds 5.16 Postweld Heat Treatment and Recommendations. 6. Inspection. Par A—General Requirements sstannssn 25 6.1 General non 25 6.2 Inspection Personnel Qualification se 25 6.3. Inspection and Verification of Materials 64_ Verification of Procedure Qualification Record (PQR), Welding Procedure Specification (WPS), and Performance Qualification... 6.5. Inspection and Verification of Work and Records.. vo 126, 66 Obligations of the Contraser.. 6.7 Nondestructive Testing 68 Extent of Testing. Part B—Raiographic Testing of Groove Welds in Butt Joints. 69. General 6.10 Radiographic Procedures 6.11 Accepuability of Welds 6.12 Examination, Report, and Disposition of Radiographs..usnnsn Part C—Ultasonic Testing (UT) of Groove Welds. 6.13 General 6.14 UT Operator Requirements, 6.15 UT Equipment. 616 UT Procedure... 6.17 Reference Standard. 6.18 Calibration Methods, 6.19 Scanning Patterns and Methods... 6.20 Wetd Discontinuity Characterization Method 6.21 Weld Discontinuity Sizing and Location Methods... 6.22 Interpretation Problems With Discontinuities... 6.23 Weld Classes and Amplitude Level 6.24 Acceplance Rejection Criteri 6.25 Preparation and Disposition of Reports. xiAWS D1.6701.68:2007 6627 Radiation Imaging Systems Including Real-Time Imaging. von eran Part B—Quality of WES ne 6.28 Quality of Welds—Statically Loaded. 6.29 Quality of Welds—Cyclically Loaded 2 ‘Stud Application Qualification Requirements... 77 Production Control 7.8 Fabrication and Verification Inspection Requirements. Annex A (Nonmative)—Effective Throat ...srnesssennvsrs Annex B (Normative)}—Effective Throats of Fillet Welds in Skewed T-Joints... ‘Annex D (Normative)—Manufocturers’ Stud Base Qualification Requirements ‘Annex & (Normative)—Discontinuty Acceptance Criteria. ‘Annex F(Informative)—Suggested Filler Meta for Various Combinations of Stainless Steels and Other Ferrous Base Metals Annex G (Informative)—List of Reference Documents ‘Annex H (Informative) Recommended Inspection Practice Annex | (Informative)—Nonprequalified Stainless Stcels—Guidelines for WPS Qualification and Use. Annex J (Informative)—Safe Practices... ‘Annex K (Knformasive) Guidelines forthe Preparation of Technica! Inquires Annex L (Informative})—Terms and Definitions ‘Anoex M (informative) Sample Welding Forms Annex N (Informative)—Etchant Solutions. ci ‘Annex © (Informative) Ultrasonic Unit Ceifcation cnn 253 Commentary. sen 261 Foreword. 263 Index. List of AWS Documents on Structural Welding. 267 25‘AWS D1S(D1 642007 List of Tables Table 2.1 Allowable Stresses 3.1 Prequalified Variabies to be Specified in the 32 Prequalified Austenitic Stainless Stee 33. Prequalified Filler Metal Classifications. 34 Effective Weld Sizes of Fare-Groove Welds. 3.5 Prequalified WPS Requirements. aacnnn vn 41 WPS Qualification Variable 41S Overlay Essential Variables forall Processes, 42° PQR—Type, Number of Tet Specimens, and Range of Thiokvess Qu 43° Performance Qualification—Thickness Limits and Test Specimens. 44 Performance Qualifiation—Position and Diameter Limitations... 45. F-Numbers—Grouping of Electrodes and Welding Rods for Qualification 46 A-Numbers—Classifications of Stainless Steel Weld Metal Analysis for WPS Qualification. 47 Thicket Limitos foc Overy WPS ind Weding Operator Performance Quai 5.1 Recommended Backing Thickness... 6.1 Hole-Type Image Quality Indicator (1Q1) Reguiremet 62 Wire Image Quality Indicator (1D Requirements. 63.101 Selection and Placement. 64 UT Acceptance Rejection Criteria ~ TLL Mechanical Property Requirements of Suds. 72 Minimum Fillet Weld Size for Small Diameter Studs. 73 Stud Torque Values (UNC). 74 Stud Torque Values (Metric) B.1__ Equivalent Fille: Weld Leg Size Factors for Skewed T-Join... Fl Suggested Filler Metals for Various Combinations of Stainless Steel and Other Ferrous Base Me 2. Type and Chemical Composition of Stantess Steels and Other Fettous Base MetaS.sumemnneno Hl Weld Classification, oon H2 Nondestructive Testing/Examination Methods 3 Recommended Undereut Criteria.AWS D1 6101 6442007 Figure 24 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 4g 49 410 au lz 4.13(A)Tension Specimens—Reduced Section—Turned Specimens... 4.138) ald als 416 4a7 448 419 420 421 42 423 5a 52 61 62 63 List of Figures Fillet Welds on Opposite Side of a Common Plane of Contact for Cyctically Loaded Structures... Fillet Welded Lap Joint in Tubular Connections... Dovble-Fillet Welded Lap Joint. Transition of Butt Joints in Nontuibular Connections ‘Transition of Burt Joint in Tubular Connections of Unequal Thickness . ‘Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content... ‘Details for Prequalified Fillet Welds.. Fillet Welded Prequalified Joints Prequalified PIP Groove Welded Joints—Nontubular. Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joiats—Nontubular. Prequalified Joint Details for PIP Groove Welds—Tubulat ‘Weld Bead With/Depsh Limitations. . Positions of Groove Weld. Positions of Filles Welds. ‘Test Positions of Welds. ‘Location of Test Specimens on POR Plate or Pipe POR Fillet Weld Specimens Bottom Bjecting Guided-Bend Test lig... ~ Bottom Guided-Bend Test lig. - Aliematve Wrap-Around Guided-Bend Test Sig... ‘Nomogram for Selecting Minimum Bend Radius ‘Transverse Rectangular Tension Test Specimen. ‘Tension Specimens (Longitudinal)... ‘Tension Specimen for Pipe Size Greaer than 2 in. [50 mam] Nominal Diameeer Tension Speciniens—Full Seetion—Small Diameter Pipe 6 in [150 mr or8 in. [200 mm] Pipe Assembly for Performance Qualification —2G and 50 Position. 106 Plates—Longitudinal Performance Qualficatior ‘Transverse Side-Bend Specimens—Pate.. Transverse Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens—Platc.. ‘Transverse Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens—Pipe . Langitulinal Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens—PIate Fillet Weld Root-Bend Test Specimens.. - ‘Overlay WPS and Performance Qualification... ‘Chemical Analysis Test... Performance Qualification Specimen Loca ‘Typical Weld Access Hole Geometries ‘Typical Weld Profiles. Radiographic Wentfication and Fole-Type or Wire 10! Locations on Approximately Equal ‘Thickness Joints 10 in, [250 mm} and Greater in Length eevsnsnsnsnsn Radiographic Iientification and Hole-Type or Wire 1Q! Locations on Approximately Equal ‘Thickness Joints Less Than 30 in, (250 mm] in Length.. 1d Radiographic Identification and Hole-Type or Wire 1Q] Locations on Transition Joints 10 in, 1250 mm) and Greater in Length sensnnnninsanneresneelFigure 64 AWS 01.6101 642007 Page No. Radiographic Identification and Hole-Type or Wire QI Locations on Transition Joints Less Than 10 in, (250 mm] in Length, 145; 65 Hole-Type image Quality Indicator (1QN Desa, ~ 66 Wire Image Quality Indicator. ~ ~ ~ ~ 6.7 Radiographic Edge Blocks. ~ 68 Transducer Crys. 69 Standard Reference Reflector. 6.10 Recommended Calibration Block... 6.11 ‘Typical Alternate Reflectors (Located in Weld Mock-ups and Production Welds) vn SO 6.12 Transfer Correction 150 6.13 Compression Wave Depth (Horizontal Sweep Calibration) 6.14 Compression Wave Sensitivity Calibration. 6.15 Shear Wave Distance and Sensitivity C: 6.16 Plan View of UT Scanning Patterns. 6.17 Seanning Methods 6.18 Spherical Discontinuity Characterist 6.19 Cylindrical Discontinuity Characteristics. 620 Planar Discontinuity Characteristics... 621 Discontinuity Height Dimension 6.22 Discontinuity Length Dimension... 623 Screen Marking... 624 Report of Ultrasonic Examination 7.1 Dimension and Tolecaces of Standard-Type Shear Connectors. 72 Typical Tensile Test Fixture for Stud Welds i 73. Position of Test Stud Welds ammo 166 7A Torque Testing Amangement for Stud Weld nnn “167 75 Stud Weld Bend Fixture 167 Bu Details for Skewed ‘T-oins ~ m Dal Bend Testing Device... semaenemonnsemansnne TT D2 Suggested Type of Deviee for Qualification Testing of Small Seads ssenimnann TT E.l Weld Quality Requirements for Blongated Discontinuities as Determined by Radiography ‘or Statically Loaded Structures. es E2 Maximum Acceptable Radiographic Images E.3 For Radiography of Joins 1-1/8 in, [30 mm) and Greater, Typical Examples of Random Accepuable Discontinutes.. E4 Weld Quality Requirements for Discontinuities Occurring in Tension Welds (Limitations of Porosity and Fusion Characteristics) ES Weld Quality Requirements for Discontinuities Occurring in Compression Welds (Limitations of ES ET LI WRC-1992 Diagram Showing Root Pass Welding of. Filler Metal 0.1 Transducer Positions (Typical). 02 Qualification BlockAWS D1.6/D1.6)42007 ‘This page is intentionally blank. xiAWS D1.6/01.6442007 Structural Welding Code—Stainless Steel 1. General Provisions 1.1 Scope code covers welding requirements applicable to stainless ste! structures and weldments subject to design siress, It shall be used in conjunction with any comple- ‘mentary code of specification forthe design or construc- tion of stainless steel structures and weldments. When this code is stipulated in contract documents, conform ‘ance with all provisions of the code shall be req ‘except for those provisions thatthe Engineer (Gee 4.1) ‘oC contract documents specifically modify or exempt, ‘This code is not intended to be used for pressure vessels ‘or pressure piping, 1.2 Base Metals ‘The base metals to be welded under this code shall be stainless steels with the following chemical composi- tion limits: (1) Carbon (C) content equal o or less than 0.5% @) Chromium (C2) content equal to or greater than 105% (3) Iron (Fe) content exceeding the content of any other single element (4) Any combination of the types in 12.2 or with weldable carbon steels or low alloy steels. Free machine {ng steels and steels with intentional additions of sulfur S), selenium (Se), or lead (Pb) shall not be welled, 12.2 Stainless steel base metals may include any of the Following types: (1) Austenitic 2) Ferritie G) Marensitie (4) Precipitation Hardening (austenitic semv-austenitic, and martensitic) (6) Duplex 1.2.3 Base metals may be used in assemblies, the parts of ‘which may be composed of: 1) The same grade of stainless steel, 2) Differem grades of stainless steels belonging to the same type as listed above, {3)_ Different types of stainless steels, weldablecatbon stels of low alloy gels, See Annes F ‘stainless steels and other ferrous base metals. £24 The sales see! base metals may be in any ofthe following forms: (1) Sheet—cold rolled (2) Sheet, plate—hot rolled @) Shapes (4) Tubular products (5) Clad materials. (6) Castings © Forgings 1.2.5 Stainless steels are generally defined by American iron and Steel Instiute (AISI) Numbers, Unified Num- bering System (UNS), and by American Sosiety for ‘Testing and Materials (ASTM) Specifications for prod- ‘uct form, chemical composition, and mechanical proper- ties. Newer proprietary steels may not be covered by ‘standards and shall be identified by chemical composition or other suitable means which clearly define the steel. 12.6 Specified Base Metal, The contract documents ‘shall designate the specifications and grades of base metal to be used. The provisions of this code are not intended to apply to welding base mevals dinner than 1/16 in, [1.5 mm} or 16. Foteroteressetee elds eagleCLAUSE 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS 12.7 Service Temperature Limits. The coniact documents Shall specify service temperature Jimits for dhe weldment, 1.288 Base Metal Prequalification, Austenitic stainless steels whose filler metals normally produce small amount of ferrite (see Table 3.2 for prequalified limits) shall be considered prequalified, provided they are welded with filler metals in accordance with Table 33 and the \WPSs used conform to all the applicable requtements of this code. All other stainless steels or combinations, and WPSs which are not prequalified, shall be qualified in conformance to this code. Suggested filler metals to weld ‘number of stainless stols are shown in Annex F 1.2.9 Use of Unlisted Base Metals, When stainless steel other than one of those listed in Table 3.2 is pro- posed for welded construction under this code, WPSs shall be established by qualification in accordance with, the requirements of Clause 4, except as permitted in 1.2.9.1. The contractor shall have the responsibilty for establishing the WPS by qualification, 12.9.1 An unlisted base metal which has the same chemical composition and strength a a listed steel may bbe welded with a prequalified or qualified WPS for the listed steel. 1.2.9.2 The Engineer may prescribe additional weld- ability testing of the unlisted steel. The responsibility for determining weldability is assigned to the party who either specifies a materia not listed in Table 3.2, except as permitted by 1.2.9.1, or who proposes the use of a substitute matecial not listed in Table 3.2. 1.3 Terms and Definitions ‘The welding terms used in this code shall be interpreted in conformange withthe defintions glen in AWS ABOROO1, Siondand Weldng Tems and Défiitions suppmented by Annex Lofts code, Definitions, hich follow, shall also nol 1.3.1 Authority Having Jurisdiction, The organization, political subdivision, office or individual charged with the administration and enforcement of this standard, 1.32 Drawings. Plans, design and detail drawings, and erection plans. 1.3.3 Engineer. The duly designated individual who acts for, aid in behalf of, the Owner on all matters within the scope of the code, 13.4 Contractor. Any company, of that individual rep- resenting & company, responsible for the fabrication, erection, manufacturing, or welding, in conformance ‘with the provisions of this code. ‘AWS 01.6)D1.6M:2007 1.3.5 Inspectors 1.3.5.1 Contractor's Inspector. The duly designated ‘who acts for, and in behalf of, tie Contractor on all inspection and quality matters within the scope of the 1.3.5.2 Verification Inspector. The duly designated ‘person who acts for, and in behalf of, the Owner or Engi- neer on all inspection and quality matters specified by the Engineer, 13.5.3 Inspector. When the term “Inspector” is used without further_qualifieatic tor ‘category described above, it applies equally te the Can: tracior’s Inspector and the Verification Inspector within ‘the mits of responsibilty described in 6.1.2, 41.3.6 OEM (Ori nent Manu single Contractor that assumes some oral ofthe respon sibilities assigned by this code to the Engineer. 43.7 Owner. The individual or company that exercises legal ownership of the produet or structural assembl roduced under this cove, “Shall.” “Should.” and “Mav.” “Shall” “should.” and_“may" have the following Significance: 1.3.8.1 Shall, Code provisions that use “shall” are mandatory unless specifically modified in contact documents by the Engineer, 1.3.82 Should, “should” ig used to recom: requirements, 138.3 May. The word “may” in provision allows the ute of optional procedures oF practices chat can be sed as an alemative or supplement to code requte- tment, Those optional procedies that requir the Engi neer’s approval shall either be specified in the contact Conmnctor may use any option without the Engineer's approval when the code does not specify dat the Engic 1.4 Responsibilities 1.4.1 Engineet’s Responsibilities. The Engincer shall be responsible for the development ofthe contract docu- ments that govern products or structural assemblies pro- ‘duced under this code. The Engineer may add to, delete from, or otherwise modify, the requirements ofthis code {0 meet the particular requirements of a specific strue- ture. If atternate requirements are proposed by other par ies such as the Contractor, the Engineer may approve 2‘AWS D1.6701.6M:2007 them based on provided documentation, Altemate requirements shall be hased upon evaluation of suitabil- ity for service using past experience, experimental evi- defce or engineering analysis considering material type, service load effects. and environmental factors. All ‘requirements that modify this code shall be incorporated contract documents. The Engineer shall determine the suitability of all joint details to be used in a wetded assembly. ‘The Engineer shall specify in contract documents, as necessary, and 28 applicable, the following: 0) Optional requirements that are applicable only ‘when specified by the Engineer, (2) All aduitional NDT that is not specifically ad- dressed in the code, @) Verification inspection, when required by the Enginess, 4) Weld acceptance criteria other than that specified in Clause 6. G)CVN toughness criteria for weld metal, base metal, andor HAZ, (6) Tests for corrosion, carbide sensitization, ereep, to, Slandards for test methods and acceptance criteria shall be specified in the contract documents, (7) Whether the structure is statically or cyclically leaded. (8) All additional requirements that are not specifi cally addressed in the code, (9) For OEM applications, the responsibilities of the patties involved. 2 bilities. The Contractor shall be responsible for establishing WPSs, qualification ‘of welding personnel, the Contractor's inspection, and performing work in conformance with the requirements ‘of this code and contract documents. The Contractor may, ssubmil 10 the Engineer requests to modify the require: ‘ments of this feasibility and quali 1.433 Inspector’s Responsibilities 143.1 Contractor Inspection. Contractor inspection shall be supplied by the Contractor and shall be per- formed as necessary to ensure that materials and work ‘Manship mect the requirements ofthe comtact documents, ‘of a specific sructure, established bewween the Engineer and che Verification Inspector, inret showin pan mes tae 5 (CLAUSE 1, GENERAL PROVISIONS 1.5 Approval All references to the need for approval shall be intere ‘preted (0 mean approval by the Building Commissioner or the Engineer, 1.6 Welding Symbols Welding symbols shall be those shown in the latest edi ion of AWS A2.4.98, Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination. Special conditions shall be fully explained by added notes or details, 17 fety Precautions This technical document does not address all welding dnd Realth hazards. However. pertinent information can be found in the following documents: 1, ANSI.ZA9,1:2005, Safery in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes 2. Manufacturer's safety titerarure on equipment and materials 3. Other pertinent documents as appropriate, These documents shall be referred to and followed as iequired (also see Annes I, Safe Practices) ‘Note: This code may imolve hazardous material, opera: tions and equipment The code does not purport 10 caress all of the safeey problems associaued with its use Its the responsiblity ofthe user to enablish appropriate ‘safety and heelth practices, The user should detenine he licability of anv regulatory limitations oriar to use 1.8 Standard Units of Measurement This standard makes use of both U.S. Customary Units, 4nd the International System of Unis (SD, The measure. tents may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each sv5- tem shall be used independently of the other without combining inany way, The standard withthe designation ignation D1.6M:2007 uses SI Units. The latter are.shown, within brackets [] oF in appropriate columns in tables ‘and figures, 1.9 Reference Documents Annex G contains a list of all documents referenced ‘within this code, 3AWS D7.6/01.64:2007 ‘This page is imentonally blank. ~ - 4‘AWS D10D1.5M2007 2. Design of Welded Connections PartA General Requirements 2.0 General Stainless stel welded connections shall be designed to meet the loading requirements. However, in order to ‘ensure chat the resultant design is fit forthe imcended pur pose, the Engineer shall also consider other factors (see also 14.1): (1) Corrosion. Necessary design adjustments shall be sade, such as appropriate selection of base and filer metals and application of seal welds. @) Elevated Temperawre, For elevated service tem- perarures, a decrease in short-term and creep strengths of, base and filler metals shall be considered. G) Heat Treament. Whece necessary, heat treatment shall be prescribed. (@) Dissioifer Connections. The Engineer shall not design welded connections of an austenitic stainless steel member to a ferrtic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel or a earbon/ow alloy steel member without due ‘consideration of a judicious choice of filler metal based ‘on metallurgical criteria. (3) Other factors not mentioned herein, which could adversely affect the welded connection shall be taken Snta account. 2.1 Contract Plans and Specifications 2.1. Plau and Drawing Information, Complete infor- ‘ation regarding base metal specification designation, location, type. size, and extent of all welds shall be clearly shown on the, contract plans and specifications, hereinafter refered to as the contract documents. If the Engineer requires specific welds to be performed in the field, they shall be designated in the comraet documents. ‘The fabrication and erection drawings, hereinafter referred to. the shop drawings, shall clearly distinguish between shop’and field welds, 2.12 Notch Toughness Requirements. If notch tough- ness of welded joints is required, the Engincer shall specify the minimum absorbed energy with the corresponding test temperature for the filler metal classification to be used, or the Engineer shall specify that the WPSs be ‘qualified with CVN tests. IF WPSs with CVN tests are required, the Engineer shall specify the minimum absorbed energy, the test temperature and whether the required CVN test performance is to be in the weld ‘meial, or both in the weld metal and the HAZ. 2.1.3 Specific Welding Requirements. The Engineer, in the contract documents, and the Contractor, in the shop drawings, shall indicate those joints or groups of joints for which the Engineer or Contractor require a specific assembly order, welding sequence, welding technique or other special precautions. 2.L.4 Weld Size and Length. Contract design drawings shall specify the effective weld length and, for PIP groove welds, the required weld size “(E).” For fillet ‘welds and skewed joints, the following shail be pro- vided on the contract documents. (1) For fillet welds berween parts with surfaces ‘meeting at an angle between 80° and 100°, contraet doo- ‘uments shall specify the fillet weld leg size. @) For welds between parts with the surfaces meeting, at an angle less than 80° or greater than 100%, the con- ‘tract documents shall specify the effective throar. ‘End returns and hold-backs for filet welds, if required by design, shall he indicated on the contract documents. 2.1.5 Shop Drawing Requirements. Shop drawings shall clearly indicate by welding symbols or sketches the details of groove welded joints and the preparation of 5CLAUSE 2, DESIGN OF WELDED CONNEGTIONS base metal required to make them. Both width and thick- ness of steel backing shall be detailed. 2.15.1 PJP Groove Welds. Shop drawings shall indicate the weld groove depths “S" needed to atain wold size "(E)" required for the welding process and position of welding tobe used. 2.1.5.2 Fillet Welds and Welds in Skewed T-Joints. ‘The following shall be provided on the shop drawings: (1) For fillet welds between parts with surfaces ‘meeting at an angle between 80° and 100°, shop draw- ings shall show the filet weld leg size, (2) For welds between parts with surfaces meeting at ‘an angle less than 80° or greater than 100%, the shop ‘drawings shall show the detailed arrangement of welds and required leg size to account for effects of joint geom- cexry and, where appropriate, the Z-loss reduction for the ‘process fo be used and the angle, (3) End retums and hold-backs. 21.53 Symbols. The contact documents shall show complete joint penetration (CP) or partial joint penetra tion (PIP) groove weld requirements. Contract docu- ments do not need to show groove type or groove be made for either the stan or end ofthe weld. (2) Curved Welds. The effective length of a curved ‘lot weld shall be measured along the centerline ofthe effective throat. If the effective area of a fillet weld in a hole or slot calculated from this lengths greater than the axa calculated from 2.5.4, then this later area shall be used as the effective area of the filet weld. @) Minimum Length, The minimum effective length of a fillet weld shall be at least four times the nominal, size, or the effective size of the weld shall be considered, nat to exceed 25% of is effective length. ‘The minimum length of an internitent filet weld seg- sent shall be 1-1/2 in, [40 mina] unfess otherwise shown, ‘on approved design drawings. 243 Length and Spacing of Longitudinal Filet ‘Welds. If longitudinal filet welds are used alone in lap Joint end connections, the length ofeach fillet weld shall 7‘CLAUSE 2. DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS. be no less than the perpendicular distance between the welds. The transverse spacing of longitudinal fillet welds used in end connection shall not exceed 8 i, [200 mm, unless end cransverse welds or intermediate plug or slot welds are used. The longitudinal fillet weld may be cither atthe edges of the member or inthe stos. 2.44 Fillet Welds Weld Terminations 2441 Unless otherwise specified in this code oF ‘ther contract documents, illet welds connecting attach- ments need not start nor tminate less than the weld size {rom the end ofthe join. 24.42 Boxing. Fillet welds stressed by forces not paraliel ro the faying surface shall not terminate at cor- ners of parts or members, except as required in 2.4.4.3, but shall be returned continuously, full size, around the corer for a length equal to twice the weld size where such return can be made in the same plane. Boxing shall bbe indicated on design and detail drawings where required. 24.43 Opposite Sides of the Common Plaue. For cyclically loaded structures. filet welds deposited on the ‘opposite sides of a common plane of contact between ‘90 pats shall be interrupted at a comer common to both, welds (see Figure 2.1) 2.4.8 Fillet Welds in Holes or Slots 24.5 Fillet welds in holes or slots in lp joints may ‘be used to transfer shear or to prevent buckling or separa- tion of lapped pars, Fillet weds in hoes or sls are not to be consigered as plug or sot welds. 2.4.5.2 Sizes of holes and slots in which fillet welds are to be deposited shall be large enough to ensure that the fillet welds do not overlap, and the base metal at the fillet weld toes is visible. Should the filet welds in holes or slots overlap, the ‘welds shall be considered as partially filled plug or slot welds (see 2.5). 24,53 Slot Ends, Except for those ends which extend (0 the edge of the part, the ends of the sits in. which fillet welds are to be deposited shall be semi- circular or shall have the comers rounded to a radius not Jess than the thickness ofthe part in which itis made. 2.5 Plug and Slot Welds 2.5.1 Plug Weld Spacing, The minimum center-o- center spacing of plug welds shall be four times the diameter ofthe hole, PARTS BC AWS D1,601.8M2007 2.5.2 Slot Weld Spacing. The minimum spacing of lines of slot welds in a direction transverse to their length shall be four times the width ofthe slot. The minimum center- to-center spacing in a fongitudinal direction on any line shall be two times the length ofthe slot. 2.83 Plug Weld Sizes. The minimum diameter of the hole in which a plug weld is to be deposited shall be the thickness of the part in which itis made plus S/16 in, [8 mm). The maximum diameter of the hole shall be che ‘minimum dismeter pus 1/8 in, (3 mim] or 2-1/4 times the thickness ofthe part, whichever is greater 254 Slot Weld Sizes and Sbape. The minimum width ‘of slot in which a slot weld isto be deposited shall be the thickness of the part in which it is made plus 5/16 in. [8 mn] or 2-2 times the thickness of the member, Whichever is smaller. The maximum width of the slot shall be the minimum width plus 1/8 in, [3 mm] or 2-1/4 times the thickness of the pare, whichever is greater, The ends ofthe slot shall be semicircular. 2.35 Plug and Slot Weld Effective Areas. The effec- tive area shall be the nominal area of the hole or slot in the plane ofthe faying surface. 286 Depth of Filing of Plug and Slot Welds. The depth of filling of plug or slot welds in metal 5/8 in, [46 mm] thick or less shall be equal tothe thickness of the material. In metal over 5/8 in. [16 roma thick, it shall be at least one-half the thickness of the material, but no less than 5/8 in, (16 ram}. The Engineer may specify an altemative limit of depth of filling. Part C Miscellaneous Structural Details 2.6 General These provisions define requirements, limitations and prohibitions for typical welded structurat details, such os filler plates, lap joints, transitions, connections or spices, stiffeners, built-up members/shapes for statically loaded structures, plog and slot dimensions, specific require- iments for cyclicatly loaded structures, and weld combi- nations, Details shall promote ductile behavior, minimize restraint, avoid undue concentation of welding, and. afford ample access for depositing the weld meta 2.7 Filler Plates 2.7.1 Filler Plate Usage. Fillers plates may be used in: (©) Splicing pat of different thicknesses. @) Connections thet, due to existing geometric align- ‘ment, must accommodate offsets to permit simple framing. 8AWS D1.8/D1.642007 2.7.2 Filler Plates Less Than 1/4 in, [6 mm}. Any filler plate fess than 1/4 in. [6 mm) thick shall not be used 10 fransfer stress, but shall be Kept flush with the welded edges of the stress-carring part. The sizes of welds along such edges shall be increased over the required sizes by an amount equal to the thickness of the filler pit 2.73 Willer Plates V4 in, (6 mm] and Larger. Any filler plate 1/6 in, [6 mra] or more in thickness shall be ‘capable of transferring the stress and shall extend beyond the edges of the splice plate or connection material. It shall be welded to the part on which itis fitted, and the Joint shall be of sufficient strength to tansmit the splice plate or connection material stress applied at the surface of the filler plate as an eccentric load, The welds joining the splice plate or connection material to the filler pate shall be sufficient to transmit che splice plate or connec tion material stress and shall be long enough to avoid overstressing tl filler plate along the toe ofthe weld. 2.7.4 Filler Plates Used for Dissimilar Thickness Con- nections. Fot assemblies, in which the thickness is tess ‘han 1/4 in, [6 mm], the Engineer may specify a limit of filler plate thickness less than 1/4 in, [6 mim] as deter rined in 2.7.2 and 2.7.3, In no case, however, shall the thickness of filler plate used as per 2.7.3 be less than the thickness of the thinner of the connected parts. 2.8 Lap Joints 28.1 Minimum Overtap. The minimum overlap of ‘part in stesscarrying lap joins shall be five times the Ahickness ofthe thinner par joined but not les than Tin. {25 min} (se Figures 2.2 and 2.3). 2.8.2 Double Fillet Welded. Lap joins in parts carying axial stess shall be doubie-illet welded (see Figure 2.3) ‘except where deflection of the joint is sufficiently restrained fo prevent it from opening under load. 2.8.3 Double Plug or Stot Welds. Unless lavral defles- tion ofthe part is prevented, they are to be connected by at least cwo transverse lines of plug or slot welds, or by ‘two or more longitudinal slot welds. 2.9 Transitions of Butt Joints in Nontubular Connections Butt joints between axially aligned members of different thicknesses or widths, or both, and subject to tensile stress greater than one-thitd the allowable design tensile stress oF 10 farigue Toads, shall have appropriate ransi- tion of thickness as per 2.9.1 and of widdh as per 2.9.2. paar: CLAUSE 2, DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS. 2.9.1 Transition of Thicknesses The slope in the transi- tion of thickness shall not exceed Lin 2-1/2 with the sur- face of either part (see Figure 2.4), The transition shal] be accomplished by chamfering the thicker part, sloping the weld metal, or by any combination ofthese, 2.9.2 Transition of Width. Pants having different widths shall have a smooth transition between offset edges at a slope of no more than I in 2-1/2 with the edge of either pat oF shall be transitioned with a 2 ft {600 anim] mini- mur radius tangent to the narrower part ofthe center of the but joins, 2.10 Transitions in Tubular Connections 2.10.1 St2e Transition. Flared connections and tube size transitions not excepted below shall be checked for local stresses caused by the change in direction [angle (at the transition. Exceptions: Circular tubes having Dit less than 30, box sections having a/t less tban 20, and wansi- tion slopes for circular tubes and box seetions less than Ving 2.10.2 Transition of Thicknesses. Tension butt joints in axially aligned primary members of different material thicknesses or size shall be made in such a manner that the slope through the transition zone does not exceed 1 in 2-1/2. The transition shall be accomplished by chamtfer- ing the thicker par, sloping the weld metal, or by any combination of these methods (see Figure 2.5). 2.11 Connections or Splices 2.11.1 Tension or Compression Members. Connec- tions or splices of tension or compression members made by groove welds shall have CIP welds, except as speci- fied in 2.11.2. Connections or splices made with fillet or plug welds, except as noted in 2.11.2, shall be designed for an average of the calculated suess and the strength of the member, but not less chan 75% of the strength of the member; or if there is repeated application of load, the ‘maximum stress or stress range in such connection or splice shall not exceed the fatigue stress permitted by the applicable contract specification. 2.11.2 Compression Members with Milled Joints. If ‘members subject to compression only are spliced and full milled bearing is provided, the splice material and is ‘welding shall be arranged. uness otherwise stipulated by the applicable general specifications, to hold all parts in alignment and shall be proportioned to cary 50% of the ‘computed stress in the member. Where such members 9CLAUSE 2. DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS: are ia full-iled bearing on base pats, thee shall be sufficient welding to old all parts securely in place. 2.11.3 Splices in Girders and Beams 2.11,3.1 Splices between sections of rolled beams or built-up girders shall preferably be made in a single transverse plane. Shop splices of webs and flanges in buiteup girders, made before the webs and flanges are joined to each other, may be fovated in a single trans- verse plane or multiple transverse planes, but the fatigue stress provisions of the contract specification shall apply. 2.13.2 Girders (built-up I sections) shall preferably be made with one plate in each flange, i., without cover plates, The unsupported projection ofa flange stall be no ‘more than permitted by the applicable contract specifica- tion, The thickness and width of a flange may be varied by burt joint weiding parts of different thickness or width With ransitions conforming to the requirements of 2.9. 2.12 Built-Up Members in Statically Loaded Structures 242.1 Minimum Required Weldiag. 1F two or more plates or rolled shapes are used to build up a member, sufficient welding (Bilt, phig, or slot type) shall be pro- vided to make the parts act in unison but not less than that which may be required to transmit the calculated stress between the parts joined. 2.2.1.4 Maximum Longitudinal Spacing of Inter- mittent Welds. The maximum longitudinal spacing of intermittent welds connecting two or more rolled shapes, or a shape and a plate, in contact with one another shall not exceed 24 in. [600 mon, 2.12.12 Longitudinal Spacing in Bull-Up Teasion od Compression Members. In builup tension aod fompression members the onginialsectg of ine intent welds connecing plate component to oer omponens or connecting two plate comments 0 cach ‘other, shall not exceed 12 in. [300 mm] or 24 times the bikes ofthe thine late. 2.12.2 Intermittent or Partial Length Groove Welds. Intermittent or partial length groove welds are not per- ‘ited except as specified in 2.123, 2.12.3 Groove Welds in Elements Connected by Fillet ‘Welds. Members built-up of elements connected by fillet welds, at points of localized load application, may have length to participate inthe trans- load. The groove weld shall extend at uniform size for at leas the length cequted (0 transfer ‘he load. Beyond this length, the groove shall be tans tioned in depth o zero overa distance, not less than four are AWS D1.6/D1.6M:2007 times its depth. The groove shall be filled flush before the application ofthe fillet weld. 2.13 Noncontinuous Beams ‘The connections at the ends of noncontinuous beams shall be designed with flexibility so as to avoid excessive secondary stresses due 10 bending. Seated connections ‘witha flexible or guiding device 1 prevent end twisting are recommended. 2.14 Specific Requirements for Cyclically Loaded Structures 2.14.1 Connections of Components of Built-Up Mem- bers. When a meméer is bult up of evo or more pieces, ‘the pieces shall be connected along their longitudinal Joins by sufficient continuous welds to make the pieees ‘actin unison 2.14.2 When the offset between surfaces at either side of the joint is greater than the thickness of the thinner part connected, the transition of thicknesses (sce Figure 2.4) subject to shear or compressive stress shall be made as specified in 2.9.1. When the offset is equal to or less than the thickness of the thinner part connected, the face of the weld shall be sloped no more than 1 in 2-1/2 from the surface of the thinner part of shall be stoped to the sur- face of the thicker parc if this requires a lesser slope with the following exception: Truss member joints and beam and gitder flange joints shall be made with smooth tran- ions ofthe type specified in 2.9.1 2.14.3 Prohibited Types of Joints and Welds 2.414.3.1 In butt joints, PIP welds subject to tension normal fo their longitudinal axis are prohibited In other Joims, transversely loaded PJP welds are prohibited, unless fatigue design criteria allow for their application, 2.14.32 SMAW and SAW CIP groove welds, made from one side only, are prohibited, if the welds are made: (2) Without any backing. o (2) With backing, other than stainless steel, chat has not been qualified in accordance with Ctause 4, ‘These prohibitions do not eppty to: (() Secondary or nonstress carrying members and shoes or other nanstressed appurtenances, of, (2) Comer joints parallel to the direction of computed stress, between components for built-up members de- signed primarily for axial smess, 0AWS D1 8/01.6N:2007 2.14.3.3 Intermittent groove welds ate prohibited. 2.14.34 Intermittent fillet wetds are prohibited. 2.14.35 Pug and slot welds 6n primary tension men- bers are proibited 2,15 Combinations of Different Types of Welds If two oF more welds of different type (groove, fillet, plug, slot) are combined to share the load ina single con- nection, the capacity of the connection shall be caleu- lated a5 the sum of the individual welds determined relative othe direction of applied load, This method of paar CLAUSE 2. DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS. adding individual capacities of welds does not apply 10 fillet welds reinforcing PIP groove welds (see Annex A). 2.16 Skewed T-Joints (sce Annex B, Figure B.1) ‘Skewed T-joints which have angles between miembers less than 60° shall be qualified in accordance with Clause 4 to determine effective weld size, Welds in these types of joints should be considered PIP groove welds. Z-loss values for stainless steels have not been determined: therefore, the requirements of 2.16 are necessary in order to find the achievable weld size for given set of proce- dual conditions, u Spat igre et NOARDSR TarCLAUSE 2. DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS. AWS D1.6101.64:2007 Table 2.1 Allowable Stresses (see 2.3.2) Suess in Weld “Allowable Suesst-=* CIP Groove Welds ‘Tension normal wo the effetive area ‘The letser of values for base metal or filler met Compression normal to te effective area “The lesser of values For base metal ot filler etl ‘Tension or compression parallel tothe axis ofthe weld ‘Sune as for base metal ‘Sharon the effective area 0.30% nominal tensile strength of filler metal. except shess stress on hase meta shall not exceed 0.40 x yield strength of base metal PAP Groove Welds ‘Tension normal othe effective area (0.30 x nominal tesile stength of filler metal, except tensile stress on base metal shall not exceed 0.60 x yield strength of base etal Compression nonmal othe —_‘Hoint not designed bear 0.5 «nominal tensile strength of weld metal, except compression effective aea stress on adjacent base metal shall aot exceed 0.60 x yield strength of base metal Joint designed to bear ‘The lesser of values for base meta o filler rasta “Tension or compression parallel to the ais of the weld Same a fr base metal ‘Shear parallel to the axis of the weld (0.30 x nominal tensile strength of ter metal, except shear stress ‘om base meal shal no exceed 0.40 x yield strength of base metal Filer Welds ‘Shear on effective area of weld (0.30 x nominal tensile strength af filler meta, excep! shear siest ‘ombase metal shal not exceed 0.40 x yield strength of base metal ‘Tension ov compression paras! othe axis of the weld ‘Same as for base metal : Plug and Stor Welds ‘Shear paraiel 1 the faying surface on the effective area (0.30 > noxninal tensile strength of filler metal, except shea: stress i ‘omhase metal shal nt exceed 0.40 x yield strength of base metal "The streogt fhe various types of als tas indicated in Tob 1.2 begins derease at mperates over 2D (90), The Enginoar should consl soeagt da that indents he allowable surest srvieteriperatres grater than 2007 [IHC] « gy ASME Section (Part D. "In core erbon sels, where filer met is eleced onthe bag of te Sueagl, nanos ele he elecbon of ileal ir redomizanly Sad on ape clra. Ts mayled ovrmah tute cnn eid ar ese seat which al be aes imo acco by Baines « Nonizal tne sength of filer metals for ssinfess sel shaD be detecting follows (1D for covered electrodes, nomial tense sven shall be tat eqused b AWS ASS/AS 9M2006, (2) for ox covetiller etal nome! ese sree shal etal rind n AWS AS2299R, (@) for solid and eet cared ler metals, nomisal ease sengi sl be that required in AWS AS /AS.4M4:2005 for covered electrodes of comsponting composition of weld eal, or fi sh we covered AWS ASAUASAM200 AWS ASWASSM206, A322 mone seg al sesed by Bape, * Yield Suengih of filler metals for sites sels wot specified in pringat AWS AS specifications, For design based on veld eerie, Bagncer sal ae el stress value fr flr mal sseeed,AWS D1 61D1.6M2007 CLAUSE 2, DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS. DONOT TE WELDS 0 NOT TIE WELDS ‘TOGETHER HERE ‘TOGETHER HERE. Figure 2.1—Fillet Welds on Opposite Sides of a Common Plane of Contact for Cyclically Loaded Structures (see 2.4.4.3) 54 MIN (NOT LESS THAN 1 In.(25 mm) y= THICKNESS OF THE ‘THINNER TUBULAR SECTION Note: 1 = 20 08 requirod Figure 2.2—Fillet Welded Lap Joint in Tubular Connections (see 2.8.1) ie si, x Ly (NOT LESS THAN 1 In. £25 emp) Note: t= thicket member. t= thinnar member. ‘Figure 2.3—Double-Fillet Welded Lap Joint (see 2.8.2) BCLAUSE 2. DESIGN OF WELDED CONNECTIONS. [AWS D1.6°D1.6N2007 (A)TRANSITION BY SLOPING WELD SURFACE REMOVE APTEAWELOING. 25 ro REMOVE oo AFTER WELOING (®) TRANSITION BY SLOPING WELD SURFACE AND HAMPERING CHAMFER CHAMFER 6EFORE WELOING BEFORE WELDING oN 3 > =“ ; 4 om CHAMFER ‘BEFORE WELDING (C) TRANSITION BY CHAMFERING THICKER PART Figure 2.4—Transition of Butt Joints in Nontubular Connections of Unequal Thickness (see 2.9.1) 14 meansl WELDED FROMTWO SIDES WELDED FROM ONE SIDE CENTERLINE ALIGNMENT OFFSET AUGNMENT Socere Tt > ee CONSTANT ID PREFERRED- RADI BEFORE TAPER WELD IS REQUIRED ® resi ar yma oy opaawen since = Fewove newove i fermen _eigtones a =~ (C) TRANSITION BY TAPER WELD ‘00 oF TUBE ‘oD or Tube a A remove eB on an U2 in, (12 rum} (@) MANSON BY SLOPING WELD SURFACE AND CHAMFERING ——swacune. ano, of mermuns tuxchine BEFORE CUT SMOOTH BEFORE WELDING 2-5 WELDING: (O} TRANSITION BY TAPER BORE (€) TRANSITION BY STRAIGHT AND cunmren cuauren ‘OF WHCKER TUBE TAPER BORE AT THICKER TUBS geroneweiowe = BproRe Natoma as tT "O —— ia eee EF eLDING (CONSTANT 1D SE (CyTHANSTTION BY CHAMFERING THEKER PART (ry mANSTION BY TAPER OD OF THICKER TUBE Noes: 1, Groove may ba of any allowed or qualfod type an otal 2 Tansllon dopes shomn are tho maximum allowed. 3 Im(@), (0) and (E) groove may bo any alowed oF quatiied type and deta, Tanai slopes shown are maximum alowed Figure 2.5—Transition of Butt Joints in Tubular Connections of Unequal Thickness (see 2.10.2) Jocens 14910 Sy SNOWOANNOD GROTAM 40 NaIsEOz BENDAWS D1.9/01.6M2007 ‘This page is imentionally blank. 6 a[REIS D1.6/01.64:2007 3. Prequalification 3.0 Scope ‘The provisions of this clause cover the requirements for the use of prequalified WPSs. WPSs that conform to this, cclatise, or to standardized WPSs of AWS B2.1:2005, Stan- dard for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualifca- ton, shall be exempt from qualification. Prequalification covers weldments in thicknesses of 1/16 in. [2 mm] oF 16 gage and greater, designed for supporting mectanical loads undee normal atmospheric corrosion conditions, or under conditions of comparable severity im a temperature range of -100°F to +800°F [~75°C to +430°C). It applies ‘only to nominally austenitic stainless steel base metals and filler metals whose as-welded fusion zoncs normally con- tain a small amouat of delta fervite (see 3.25) Filler metals used for prequalified WPSs shall equal or exceed the cor- responding minimum specified base metal stength and ‘provide resisance to normal atmospheric corrsioa. Atrno- spheric exposure may not require stainless stel: however, some industial and sea coast environments may require additional corrosion raitigation which is not anticipated in this section or code. For corrosion conditions significantly more severe than normal atmospheric exposure, the Engi- neer shall determine appropriate base and filer metals. Prequalification may still be applicable if the selected materials are listed ia Tables 3.2 and 3.3 and as permitted by 1.23.1, Any other materials shall be qualified per the _Fequirements of Clase 4, Note:The use of prequalified joint ora prequalified WPS is | ot izended asa substinue for engineering judgment ix the stability of application wo a welded assembly or connection i Part A General Requirements 3.1 Limitation of Variables for Prequalified WPSs All prequalified WPSs 10 be used shall be prepared, approved, and controlled by the manufacturer, fabricator, ‘ot contractor as written prequalified WPSS, and shall be available to those authorized to use or examine them. ‘The written WPSs shal specify the welding variables for each process. The welding variables set forth in (1) through (7) of this subclause shall be specified on the writen WPSs within the limitation of variables pre- scribed in Table 3.1 for each applicable process. For an ‘example of a WPS, see Annex M, Changes in these vari- ables, beyond those specified on the writen WPS, shall ‘be considered essential changes, and shall require a new ‘or revised prequalified written WPS, or possibly « WPS qualification. (1) Amperage (wite feed speed) (2) Voltage (3) Travel speed (4) Shielding gas composition and flow rate (5) Position of welding (6) SAW flux trade designation (D) Welding filler metal classification(s) and size(s), 3.2 Combination of WPSs A combination of qualified and prequalified WPSs may bbe used without a new qualification, provided the limita- tion of essential variables applicable to each process is observed. Part B Prequalified Processes 3.3 General “The following fabrication processes have prequalified starus| and do not require testing to demonstrate applicability. ”CLAUSE 5, PREQUALIFICATION However, WPSs using these processes which do not conform to the requirements of Clause 3 shall be ual fied in conformance with Clause 4, See Annex B for non- fied stainless steel qualification guidelines. 3.4 Welding Processes ‘34.1 Prequalified Welding Processes. Shielded metal are welding (SMAW), ges metal are welding (GMAW), ‘gos tungsten are welding (GTAW) (including autoge- nous GTAW), and flux cored arc welding (FCAW) \WPSs which conform to the provisions of Clause 3, Parts C.D. EF, G, and H. may be used for prequalified WPSs, and therefore approved for usc without WPS ‘qualification tests (see limitations of Table 3.5). 342 Submerged Arc Welding (GAW). Fluxes for SAW of stainless steels are not presently classified by AWS, Accordingly, fluxes cannot be prequalified by their classification. However, SAW with a flux of a par- ticular trade designation and a specific wire classification shall be considered prequalified for welding prequalified ‘base metals (see 3.6) under the following conditions: (1) Test welds are made under production conditions ‘or are actual production welds, and (2) Test welds are made with that classification of filer metal, and flux of te paticular ade designation, and (G) Test welds exhibit at least a 4.0 Ferrite Number GFN) along the top centerline of the weld bead, and a strength (see Table 3.3) not less than corresponding base ‘metal, Measurements ofthe FN shall be made with an in- strument calibrated according to the latest edition of AWS A4.2M:2006, Standard Procedures for Catibrat- ing Magnetic Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic and Duplex Austentic-Ferriic Stainless Steel Weld Meral Otherwise, SAW with a particular filer metal and flux shall be qualified as prescribed in Clause & and approved by the Engineer. 3.5 Other Welding Processes Other welding processes may be used, provided they are qualified by applicable tests as prescribed in Clause 4 ‘and approved by the Engineer. PARTS 8.6.40 AWS D1.0/D1.6M1:2007 Part C Base Metals 3.6 Base Metals for Prequalified WPSs 3.6.1 Exempt Base Metal. The base metals listed in Table 3.2 may be used in prequalified WPSs: however, WPSs using these base metals which do not conform to the requirements of Clause 3 shall be qualified by cest in conformance with Clause 4. 3.7 Auxiliary Component Base Metals ‘The Engineer may approve unlisted materials for auxil- iary attachments or components which fall within the chemical composition range of a listed material to be welded with prequalified WPSS. The filler metal shall belong to the corresponding filler metal group (Table 3.3) based upon equal or greater minimum tensile strength ofthe filler metal, 3.8 Base Metal for Weld Tabs and Backing Weld tas shall be of any base metal group in Table 3.2 Borkings may be used provided they ae approved by the Engineer. Steel for backing shall be of the same base metal group (Table 3.2) a the base metal, unless oer wise approved. Part D Prequalified Filler Metals, Fluxes, and Gases 3.9 Filler Metals 3.9.1 Filer Metals for Prequalified WPS. Table 3:3 lists filler metal groups, based upon suength, which are forthe corresponding prequalified base metal groups of Table 3.2, In the event that base metas from two different base metal groups in Table 3.2 are 1 be joined, filler metal from the filer metal group in Table 33 coresponding tothe tower strength of the two base metal groups in Table 3.2 shall be considered prequalified. 3.9.2 Electrode or Electrode-Flux Combinations. The electrode, including clectrodes for SAW, shall be 2s specified in Table 3.3. SAW electrode-flux combinations can be prequalified as prescribed in 3.4.2, Other SAW 1B‘AWS 01.6/01.6"2007 clectrode-flux combinations shall be qualified according, to Clause 4. 3.93 Filler Metal Removed fram Packages. After filer metal has been removed from its original package, it shall be protected or stored so that its characteristics oF ‘welding properties ae not adversely affected. Filler met- als of different classifications shall not be mixed in one ‘container. 3.10 Electrodes for SMAW 3.10.1 Purchasing Requirements, Etecrodes for 'SMAW shall conform to the requirements of the latest edition of AWS AS.4/AS.4M:2006, Specification for Stainless Sieel Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal ‘Are Welding. 10.2 Electrode Storage and Drying Conditions. Electrodes supplied in hermetically sealed containers may remain in the container, once opened, provided that the container is reclosed at once. Otherwise, once the container is opened, the electrodes shall be stored in an ‘oven at 250°F t0 300°F [120°C to 150°C], Electrodes received in containers which are not hermetically sealed, whether by design or by damage, shall be redried accord- ing to the manufacturer's instructions, then stored until ‘use in an oven at 250°F to 300°F (120°C to 150°C]. 3.10.3 Manufacturer's Certification. When requested by the Engineer, the contractor or fabricator shall furnish an electrode manufacturer's certification that the elec- trode will meet the requirements of the classification, and will provide at least 3.0 Ferrite Number in undiluted ‘weld metal when tested with an instrument calibrated ac- ‘cording to AWS Ad.2M:2006. 3.11 Electrodes and Fluxes for SAW 3.11.1 Purchasing Requirements, The bare electrodes (Golid or composite) for SAW of stainless steels shall ‘conform to the requirements in the latest edition of AWS. AS.SIAS.9M:2006, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods. 3,L2 Manufacturer's Certification. When requested by the Engineer, the contractor or fabricator shall fami an electrode manufaciurer’s certification that the elec- toode will meet the requtements ofthe classification or grade, and a flux manufacturer's certification of the ‘composition, Ferrite Number, and mechanical prope ‘obtained withthe particular flux formulation and an elec- trode ofthe same classification (see 39.2). pero CLAUSE 3, PREQUALIFICATION 3.113 Storage Conditions. Flux used for SAW shall be dry and free of contamination from dirt, mill scale, or other foreign material. All flux shall be purchased in packages that can be stored under normal conditions, for a least six months, without such storage affecting its ‘welding characteristics or weld properties. Flux from damaged packages shall be discarded or shal be dried at 2 minimum temperature of SO0°F (260°C) for one hour ‘before use. Flux shall be placed in the dispensing systema immediately upon opening a package or withdrawal from ‘an oven, or, if used from an opened package, the top | in. [25 mm] shall be discarded or dred as above. Flux that thas been wet shall nat be used. 3.11.4 Flux Reclamation 3.11.4.1 Unmelted Flux. SAW flux that has not been rmelied during the welding operation may be reused after recovery by vacuuming, catch pans, sweeping, or ather means, The welding fabricator shall have a system for collecting unmelted flux, adding new flux, and welding ‘with the mixture of these two, such thatthe flux compo- n and particle size distribution atthe welding arc are relatively constant. 3.11.4.2 Melted Flux (Crushed Slag). Crushed slag shall not be considered prequalified. Melted flux or slag removed from a weld deposit may be crushed and used as a SAW flux again. However, it must be recognized that this crushed slag is likely to be 2 chemically and physically different flux from the uamelted virgin flux. It shall therefore require separate cenification testing for the paricular dry mix or lot of crushed slag, according to the requirements of 3.4.2. The crusher, not the original flux manufacturer, shall be considered the manufacturer of flux made from crushed stag, or from mistures of crushed slag with virgin flux. The crusher shall provide cemtfication in accordance with 3.11.2. 3.12 Consumables for GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW 3.12.1 Purchasing Requirements. The filler metals for GMAW, GTAW, of FCAW stall conform to the require- rents of the latest edition of AWS AS.9/AS.9M:2006, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes ‘and Rods, AWS A5.22-95R, Specification for Stainless Sieet Electrodes for Flux Cored Are Welding and Stain- Tess Steel Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Are Weld- ing, or AWS A5.30-97, Specification for Consumable Inserts 38 applicable 3.12.2 Electrode Manufacturer's Certification. When requested by the Engineee, the contractor or fabricator shall furnish the clectrode manufacturer's certification 19(CLAUSE 3. PREQUALIFICATION that the electrode will meet the requirements of the classification or grade. tn addition, if requested by the Engineer for electrodes for GMAW. and for rods or con- sumable inserts for GTAW welding, the certification shall include typical mechanical properties of the all- ‘eld metal. For electrodes and rods classified according, to AWS A5.22-95R, certification shall indicate that the specimen for the all-weld-metal test will contain at least 3.0 Femite Nomber when tesed with an instrument cali- brated according to AWS A4.2M:2006, For filler metals, classified according to AWS AS.9/A5.9M:2006 or AS.30- 91, certification shall indicate a calculated Ferrite Number of atleast 3.0 FN using the filler metal composition and. Figure 3.L 3.12.3 Shielding Gas for GMAW, GTAW, ond FCAW. ‘A ges or gas mixtue used for shielding in GMAW. GTAW, or FCAW stall be of a welding grade having a dow point of 40°F {-40°C] or lower. When requested by the Engineer, the contractor ot fabricator shall furnish the gas manufactur certification that the gas or gas mixture Composition and dew point meet applicable requirement. Part E Weld Sices for Prequalified Joints 3.13 General ‘The provisions of Part E shall be complied with for the determination of weld size and effective throat of welds ‘made with a prequalified WPS. Joint details that depart from the details prescribed in this clause shall be qu: fied in accordance with the requirements of Cluse 4 of this code and their conformance with applicable provi- sions of Clause 5. Note: The use of weld sites or effective throats other than ‘hase defined in Part E shall be determined by the use of qualifying rests found in Clause 4, Qualification. 3.14 Prequalified Fillet Welds ‘The provisions of this subclause shall apply to joints where the minimum angle between the joined pieces is 60° and the maximum angle ic 135°. 3.14.1 Maximum Leg Sizes. The maximum filet weld size (See Figure 3.2) detaited slong edges of material shall be: PARTS D&E ‘AWS D1.6/D1.6442007 () the thickness of the base metal, for metal less than 11 in, [6 ru) thick @) 1/16 in, (2 mam) less than the thickness of base metal, for metal 1/4 in. {6 mm] or more in thickness, un- less the weld is designated on the drawing o be buitt out to obvain full throat thickness. In the as-welded condi- tion, the distance between the edge of the base metal and the toe ofthe weld may be less dian 1/16 in. 2mm}, pro- vided the weld size is cleanly verifiable. 3.14.2 Effective Throat. The effective throat of skewed ‘Tyjint welds (see Annex B)is dependent upon the mini- ‘mum angle between members to be joined and the mag- nitude of the root opening. Joints with angles between ‘members to be welded of less than 60° are not prequal- iffed. These joints shall be qualified per Clause 4 based ‘upon the WPS, the minimum joint angle and the mini- ‘mum root face or distance between members (see Figure 32). 3.15 Prequalified Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds in Nontubular Connections ‘The wold size of a PIP groove weld shall be the depth of Devel less 1/8 in, [3 nim] for grooves having a groove angle less than 60°, but not less than 45°, at the root of the groove, when made by SMAW or GTAW in any position, by SAW in the flat position, or when made in the vertical or overhead welding positions by GMAW or FCAW. The weld size of a PIP groove weld shall be the depth of bevel, without reduction, for grooves having the following as detailed angles: (1) A groove angle of 60° or greater atthe root of the sroove when made by any of the following welding pro- cesses: SMAW. SAW. GMAW. GTAW, or FCAW. (2) A groove angle not less than 45° at the root of the groove when made in flat or horizontal positions by GMAW or FCAW. The design weld size of a prequalified PIP groove weld shell not be greater than that shown in Figures 3.4 and 346 for the particular welding process, joint designation, groove angle, and welding position proposed for use in welding fabrication. 3.15.1 Combined Welds. The effective throat of a com- bination PIP groove weld and a fillet weld shall be the 20AWS 01.61.2007 shortest distance from the joint root to the weld face of the diagrammatic weld (see Annex A). 3.16 Prequalified Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds in Tubular Connections ‘The weld sizes for tubular connections shall be deter- ‘mined fiom Figure 3.6, 3.17 Prequalified Flare-Bevel Groove Weld Sizes The effective weld size for flare groove welds when filled flush to the surface of a round bar, a 90° bend in a formed section, ora rectangular rube shall be as shown in Table 34. 3.18 Prequalified Skewed Joints The effective weld size of skewed joints are dependent ‘upon the minimum angle between members to be joined and the magnitude of the root opening (see Anmiex B). 3.18.1 Exceptions. Joints with angles between members to be welded of less than 60° are not prequalified. 3.8.1.1 Qualifications, Joints with angles fess than 60° and more than 30° shall be qualified by macroetch examination in accordance with 4.3.2, The weld size ae- ceptance criteria shal be established by the Engineer. 3.19 Prequalified Plug and Slot Weld Sizes 3.19.1 Plog Wels. The minimum hole diameter shall be the dhisiness ofthe member conning i plus 5/16 in nm The maximum hole diameter shal be the mini um diameter plus V8 in [3 mm] or 2-1/4 times the thickness of the member, whichever is greater. 3.19.2 Slot Welds. The minimum slot width shall be the thickness of the member containing it plus 5/16 in, (8 mm] Or 2-12 times the thickness of the member PARTS a F (CLAUSE 3, PREQUALIFICATION the thickness of the member, whichever is greater. The fends of the slot shall be semicircular. 3.20 Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds in Nontubular Connections ‘The joints shown in Figue 3.5 for CIP groove welds may be welded without performing the test eseribed in Clause 4, provided the allowable joint configurations are ‘maintained, 3.21 Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds in Tubular Connections ‘The weld size of a CIP groove weld shall be the thick- ness of the thinner part joined. No increase shall be permitted for weld reinforcement (see Figure 3.5). Part F Prequalified Nontubular Joint Details 3.22 General The provisions of this subclause cover the requirements for prequalified status for joints with fille, PIP, CIP, plug, siot, or flare-bevel groove welds in nontubular conn 322.1 Minimum Joint Requirements, Joints meeting the following requirements are designated as prequalified: (1) Conformance with the details in Table 3.4 and Figures 3.2, 3.4, and 3.5, (2) Use of one of the following welding processes in accordance with the requirements of Clause 3: SMAW, SAW, GMAW, GTAW, or FCAW. 322.11 Joints meeting these requirements may be ‘used without performing the WPS qualification tests pre- scribed in Clause 4. aa fxruzeemrepeyereeCLAUSE 3, PREQUALIFICATION 322.12 The WPS for all joints not meeting these requirements shall be qualified by tests prescribed in Clause 4. 3.23 Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds 3.23.1 Prequalified PJP Groove Welds. PIP groove Welds aro detailed in Figure 3.4. 3.23.1 Definition, Except as provided in Figure 3.5, {groove welds without steel backing, welded from one side, and groove welds welded from both sides, but with- ‘out back gouging, ate considered PIP groove welds for ‘purposes of prequalification. 323.2 Dimensions of Groove Welds. Dimensions of ‘groove welds specified in 3.23.1 may vary on design or detail drawings within the limits or tolerances shown in the “As Detaled” column in Figure 3.4, Fi up tolerances of 5.4 may be applied to the dimensions shown on the detail drawing. J- and U-grooves may be prepared before or after assembly. 3233 Groove Preparation. Groove preparations {detailed for prequalified SMAW and SAW may be used {for prequalified GMAW, GTAW, or FCAW. 3.23.4 Corner Joint Preparation, For comer joints the ‘outside groove preparation may be in eithey er both memn- bers, provided the basic groove configuration is not changed and adequate edge distance is maintained to sup- port the welding operations without excessive melting. 3.24 Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds 3.24.1 Prequalified CIP Groove Welds. CIP groove welds are detailed in Figure 3.5 and are subject to the limitations specified in 3.24.2, 3242 Dimensions of Groove Welds. Dimensions of groove welds specified in 3.24.1 may vary on design or ‘detail drawings within the limits or tolerances shown in the "As Detailed” column in Figure 3.5, Fit up tolerance of 5.4 may be applied to the dimensions shown on the detail drawing, J- and U-graoves and the other side of partially welded double-V and double-bevel grooves ‘may be prepared before or after assembly. Afier batk- ‘gouging, the other side of partially welded double-V ot PARTS F4@ ‘AWS 01.6001 6442007 double-bevcl joints should resemble a prequalified U- or J-joint configuration atthe joint root. 3243 Groove Preparations. Groove preparations

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