DIGEST OF BIR RULINGS 2002

Period for filing returns and payment of taxes - Except for those who availed of the
Electronic Filing and Payment System (EFPS), Revenue Regulations No. 6-2001 does not
provide for any other exception to the required period of ten (10) days for filing of various
tax returns and payment of taxes due thereon. The request of Social Security System (SSS)
that due date for the filing of various tax returns and payment of taxes due thereon every
twenty five (25) days after the end of each month be retained cannot be granted for lack of
legal basis. (BIR Ruling No. 001-2002 dated January 9, 2002)

Non-taxability of monetized leave credits - Executive Order No. 291 dated September
27, 2000, which provides for the non-taxability of monetized leave credits of government
officials and employees, cannot be given retroactive application. (BIR Ruling No. 002-2002
dated January 12, 2002)

WITHHOLDING TAXES; non-offsetting of taxes against future remittance - The

request of the Pambansang Korporasyon sa Elektrisidad (NPC) for authority to offset the
withholding taxes deducted from the monetization of leave credits of its employees for the
calendar years 1999 to 2000 against future tax remittance cannot be granted, even assuming
that the collection of taxes under Section 2.78.1(A)(7) of the Revenue Regulations 2-98 was
erroneous. It is well-settled that a taxpayer may not offset taxes due from the claims that he
may have against the government, as held by the Supreme Court in the case of Philex Mining
Corporation, vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125704,
August 28, 1998. (BIR Ruling No. 003-2002 dated January 11, 2002)

CAPITAL GAINS TAX; basis of CAR - An issue was raised whether it was proper and legal
for the BIR examiner to base the CAR on the amount stated in the Contract to Sell dated April
16, 1985, which is much lower than the prevailing market value of the properties or the
assessed/zonal value of the properties involved.

Pursuant to then Section 34(h) of the National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC), as amended
by Batas Pambansa Blg. 47, net capital gains from the sale, or other disposition of real
property by citizens of the Philippines or resident alien individual shall be subject to the final
income tax rates prescribed therein, such tax being in lieu of the tax imposed under Section
21 of the same Code. Section 4 of Revenue Regulations No. 8-79 implementing Section 34(h)
of the NIRC, as amended by Batas Pambansa Blg. 47, provides the basis for determining net
Capital Gains Tax. Zonal value was not one of the factors in the determination of Capital Gains
Tax. The Technical Committee, which was created to study and prepare the zonal schedules
of fair market values of real properties to be used as basis for the computation of any internal
revenue tax, was created only under Ministry Order No. 20-86 dated September 5, 1986 after
the execution of the Contract to Sell on April 16, 1985. (BIR Ruling No. 004-2002 dated
January 11, 2002)

GROSS RECEIPTS TAX; liability of thrift banks - Section 7 of R.A. No. 8424 provides that
the provision of Section 17 of R.A. 7906 shall continue to be in force and effect only until
December 31, 1999. Effective January 1, 2000, all thrift banks, whether in operation as of
that date or thereafter, shall no longer enjoy tax exemption as provided under Section 17 of
R.A. 7906, thereby subjecting all thrift banks to taxes, fees and charges in the same manner
and at the same rate as banks and other financial intermediaries. Centennial Bank is,
therefore, subject to the gross receipts tax imposed under Section 121 of the Tax Code of
1997 effective January 1, 2000. (BIR Ruling No. 005-2002 dated January 11, 2002)

VALUE-ADDED TAX; taxability of SBF-registered enterprises - Pursuant to Section 12(c)

of R.A. No. 7227, Subic Bay Freeport Enterprise (SBF) registered enterprises shall be exempt
from all national and local taxes in lieu of paying the preferential tax of five percent (5%) of
the gross income earned. Section 3(o) of Revenue Regulations No. 1-95, as amended by
Revenue Regulations No. 12-97, provides that "gross income" refers to gross sales or gross
revenues derived from the registered business activity within the ECOZONE, net of sales
discounts, sales returns and allowances and minus cost of sales, cost of production or direct
costs of services but before any deduction for selling and administrative expenses or incidental
losses during a given taxable period. The gross income earned on the sale by Subic Power
Corporation (SPC) of its power plant located within the Subic Freeport Zone is subject to the
5% preferential tax rate based on the gross selling price or fair market value of the property
as determined under Sec. 6(E) of the Tax Code of 1997, whichever is higher, minus the
depreciated cost of the SPC power plants as of the date of sale. Furthermore, as a duly
registered SBF enterprise, SPC is exempt from the Value-Added Tax on the sale of its power
plant located within Freeport Zone, pursuant to Section 109(q) of the Tax Code of 1997. (BIR
Ruling No. 006-2002 dated January 29, 2002)

CAPITAL GAINS TAX; DOCUMENTARY STAMP TAX; authority to compromise - Denies

the request of Ms. Teresita Santos et. al., urban poor peasants possessors in bad faith of
various parcel of land owned by Potenciana Jobson, to pay only the basic tax due
(Documentary Stamp Tax and Capital Gains Tax) without surcharge, interest and compromise
penalty. The Bureau recognizes the validity of the agreement between the seller and the
buyers whereby the latter assumed the payment of all transfer taxes as having the force of
law between the parties. However, Section 204(A)(2) of the Tax Code of 1997 is for the
benefit of the person liable under the law to pay the assessed tax. There is no basis for
compromise insofar as the seller is concerned. To rule otherwise would provide an opportunity
for circumventing the law. (BIR Ruling No. 007-2002 dated February 14, 2002)

BIR RULING NO. 008-2002 WAS RECALLED.

CREDITABLE WITHHOLDING TAX on talent fees -

1. On Default Withholding Tax Rate - The default withholding tax rate to apply on talent
fees will only be applied when the talent's gross income has reached the threshold of P
720,000 anytime during the year.

2. On the Filing of the Affidavit-Declaration of Current Year's Gross Income - Should

the talent fees for the current year reach P 720,000 before the June 30 deadline, the taxpayer
should file within fifteen (15) days after the end of the month that his/her income reaches P
720,000 or June 30, whichever comes earlier, the affidavit-declaration. In other cases, the
taxpayer is required to file the annual affidavit-declaration on June 30. Should the talent fees
or gross income for the current year reach P 720,000 only after June 30, thus after the
taxpayer has filed his/her June 30 affidavit-declaration, the taxpayer should file another
(second) affidavit-declaration within fifteen (15) days after the end of the month that his/her
gross income for the current year reaches P 720,000. Should the taxpayer fail to file the
required affidavit-declaration within the prescribed deadlines, and the payor knows as a fact
that the taxpayer has already received P 720,000 or more as of that date, the taxpayer would
automatically be subjected to twenty percent (20%) Creditable Withholding Tax.

3. On Talents Under Contract With Talent Fees Beyond P 720,000 Per Year - For
talents who are under contract and who are expected to earn at least P 720,000, the 20%
creditable withholding tax rate should not be automatically applied. It is only when the talents
actually earned/reached the P 720,000 threshold that the 20% Creditable Withholding Tax
rate should be applied.

4. On the Retroactive Adjustment of Taxes - The application of the 20% Creditable

Withholding Tax rate on the individual's talent fee is prospective. Since the liability of the
individual for payment of the 20% Creditable Withholding Tax rate arises only when his
income reaches P 720,000, it is only on the succeeding talent fees that the withholding agent
should withhold the 20% tax. Hence, no retroactive adjustment of the application of the 20%
Creditable Withholding Tax rate should be made. (BIR Ruling No. 009-2002 dated
February 18, 2002)

INCOME TAX; filing of Short Period Return - Prior to the amendment of the Tax Code by
Republic Act No. 8424, the filing of Short Period Return was expressly required for
corporations contemplating dissolution but not for corporations contemplating reorganization
such as merger. Nevertheless, the requirement for the filing of the Short Period Return has
been applied to absorbed corporations in cases of merger. The Supreme Court decided that
the Short Period Return of an absorbed corporation should be filed within thirty (30) days
after the cessation of its business or thirty (30) days after approval of the Articles of
Merger(Bank of the Philippine Islands vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R. No.
144653, August 28, 2001). Although under Sec. 78 of the then Tax Code and Sec. 244 of
Revenue Regulations No. 2-1940 it is provided that the reckoning point for the 30-day period
is the "adoption by the corporation of a resolution or plan" for the dissolution, the Supreme
Court still reckoned the 30-day period from the SEC's approval of the merger. This is because
the SEC's approval of the merger is the operative act that gives legal effect to the merger and
results to the cessation of the separate juridical personality of the absorbed corporation. Thus,
the 30-day period for the filing of the Short Period Return of Allstate Life Insurance Company
of the Philippines, the absorbed corporation in the merger, should be reckoned from the SEC's
approval of the merger, not from the approval by the Board of Directors of the Plan of the
Merger. (BIR Ruling No. 010-2002 dated February 19, 2002)

INCOME TAX; net operating loss - The net operating losses (NOLCO) of Grand Cement
Manufacturing Corporation ("Grand") may still be carried over and claimed as a deduction
from its gross income, pursuant to Section 34(D)(3) of the Tax Code of 1997, as implemented
by Revenue Regulations No. 14-2001. The NOLCO, which Grand seeks to preserve, have not
been previously offset as a deduction from gross income, and they were incurred in the
taxable years during which it was no longer exempt from Income Tax, particularly the taxable
years 1998 and 1999. The transfer of shares by the previous stockholders of Grand were
through straight purchase and sale and not through merger, consolidation or business
combination. As such, the transfer of shares did not cause a substantial change in ownership
as a result of or arising from merger, consolidation or combination with another person, as
defined in subsection 3.8 of Revenue Regulations No. 14-2002. Accordingly, the NOLCO of
Grand is preserved even after the purchase from the existing stockholders of eighty-eight
percent (88%) of its outstanding and issued shares by Taiheiyo Cement Corporation, and will
still be carried over and claimed as a deduction from its gross income for the next three (3)
consecutive taxable years immediately following the year of such loss. (BIR Ruling No. 011-
2002 dated March 27, 2002)

ESTATE TAX; deductions from gross estate – Accordingly, being a bonafide resident of
the Philippines as certified by the Barangay Chairman of Barangay Merville, and coupled by
the circumstances stated, SOFRONIO is considered a resident alien within the definition of
Section 86(A) of the 1997 Tax Code. As such, the value of the gross estate of SOFRONIO shall
be determined by including the value at the time of death of all property, real or personal,
tangible or intangible, wherever situated in accordance with Section 85 of the 1997 Tax
Code. Accordingly, the estate of SOFRONIO can avail of the deductions afforded to it under
Section 86(A)(1) to (7) of the 1997 Tax Code, as implemented by Revenue Regulations No.
17-93 dated August 30, 1993, including the deduction of the Family Home and the Standard
Deduction ofP1,000,000.00 each. (BIR Ruling No. 012-2002 dated April 03, 2002)

FRINGE BENEFITS TAX; taxability of outstation allowance - The Outstation Allowance

granted to the managerial and supervisory employees of Philippine Gaming Management
Corporation (PGMC) who will be away from the office site for at least 8 hours to visit lotto
franchise holders for repairs and/or inspection of equipment leased by PGMC from Philippine
Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO, which covers meals and trip-related expenses, is required
by the nature of or necessary to the trade or business of PGMC. Accordingly, the aforesaid
allowance is not subject to the fringe benefits tax prescribed in Section 33(A) of the Tax Code
of 1997. Hence, the outstation allowance being part of the compensation income of the
employee, is not subject to Income Tax and consequently to withholding tax. By the same
token, the aforestated allowance which may be incurred or expected to be incurred by the
managerial and supervisory employees in the performance of his duties cannot be considered
as part of compensation subject to withholding tax even if the employee fails to
account/liquidate the same considering that said expense is pre-computed on a daily basis
and is paid to an employee while he is on an assignment or duty. (BIR Ruling No. 013-
2002 dated April 5, 2002)

Change of accounting method - First Malayan Leasing and Financing Corporation (FMLFC)
is granted permission to change its accounting method of determining interest income from
Rule of 78 Method to Annuity Method provided that it truly reflects its income for the period.
The change of accounting method from one system to another is allowed under the provision
of Section 43 of the Tax Code of 1997, in relation to Section 167 of Revenue Regulations No.
2. The authority granted retroact to January 1, 2001 since the request for change of
accounting method was filed with the Law Division on March 29, 2001 or within the 90-day
period required by Section 168 of Revenue Regulations No. 2. (BIR Ruling No. 014-2002
dated April 10, 2002)

EXCISE TAX; variant of a new brand of cigarette - If a cigarette brand sought to be

introduced in the market is a variant of a new brand, it should be classified as a “new brand”
for excise tax purposes. In which case, it shall be classified according to its current net retail
price and not taxed as a “variant of a brand,” which refers to a variant of an existing brand.
Thus, the Lucky Strike Soft Pack introduced by the British American Tobacco (BAT) being a
variant of a new brand of cigarette should be classified as a “new brand” for excise tax
purposes. (BIR Ruling No. 015-2002 dated April 16, 2002)
EXCISE TAX; subsequent sale of imported vehicles to non-tax exempt entity - There
is no provision in the Tax Code of 1997 granting exemption from taxes of the subsequent sale
or transfer of vehicles by tax exempt person/entity to a non-tax-exempt person or entity. The
Coordinating Council for Private Sector Participation, which is the grantee of six (6) Cherokee
Jeeps from United States Agency for International Development (USAID), is not liable to pay
the duties and internal revenue taxes due on its subsequent sale of the aforesaid units but
the purchasers thereof pursuant to second paragraph, Section 131(A) of the 1997 Tax
Code. (BIR Ruling No. 016-2002 dated April 24, 2002)

Taxability of BCDA Bonds - The BCDA Bonds ’07 issued by the Bases Conversion
Development Authority (BCDA) are not “deposit substitutes” because at the time of its original
issuance, there were only less than 20 subscribers of said bonds. To be considered as “deposit
substitutes” subject to 20% final withholding tax, the borrowing of funds must be obtained
from 20 or more individuals or corporate lenders at any one time. Accordingly, the interest
income derived from the BCDA Bonds ’07 shall be subject to the following:

a) ordinary income tax at the schedular rate imposed under Section 24 (A)(1)(c) of
the Tax Code of 1997, if the bondholder is an individual citizen or a resident alien;

b) 20% tax if the bondholder is a non-resident alien engaged in trade or business

within the Philippines under Section 25(A)(2) of the Tax Code;

c) 25% tax imposed under Section 25(B) of the Tax Code, if the bondholder is a non-
resident alien individual not engaged in trade or business within the Philippines;

d) corporate income tax of 32% or 2% minimum corporate income tax imposed under
Section 27(A) and 27(E), and 28(A)(1) and (2), respectively, of the Tax Code, for
domestic and resident foreign corporations;

e) 32% final withholding tax, for nonresident foreign corporation; and

f) such other rate that maybe imposed under the appropriate tax treaty to which the
Philippines is a signatory.

For purposes of determining whether the borrowing is from the “public,” the number of
investors shall be counted as of the time of origination or original issuance regardless of
whether the bonds are thereafter traded or sold in the secondary market. However, a
representation or warranty should be made to the effect that the bonds are acquired upon
their original issuance by the original purchaser thereof, for and on its own behalf, or on behalf
of a single purchaser only, and in the latter case, that the purchaser is acquiring such bonds
for its own account and not for the account of other entities. (BIR Ruling No. 035-2001 dated
August 16, 2001)

Since BCDA Bonds ’07 have a tenor of 5 years and 1 day, any gain realized from its sale or
exchange or retirement is excluded from the gross income, hence, exempt from Income Tax
pursuant to the above-cited Section 32(B)(7)(g) of the Tax Code of 1997.

The term “gain” shall refer to the gain, if any, from secondary trading, which is the difference
between the selling price of the bonds in the secondary market and the price at which the
bonds were purchased by the seller. The term “gain” shall also include the gain (that is, the
difference between the proceeds from the retirement of the bonds and the price at which such
last holder acquired the bonds) realized by the last holder of the bonds when such bonds are
surrendered for retirement upon their maturity (BIR Ruling No. 035-2001 dated August 16,
2001). The term “gain” however, does not include “interest” (Nippon Life Insurance Company
of the Philippines, Inc. vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, CTA Case No. 6142,
promulgated February 4, 2002), which, as stated, is subject to Income Tax as described
above.

The original issuance of the BCDA Bonds ’07 shall be subject to Documentary Stamp Tax
(DST) at the rate of P 0.30 for every Two Hundred Pesos (P 200.00) or fractional part thereof
of their face value pursuant to Section 180 of the Tax Code of 1997.

Finally, the transfer of BCDA Bonds ’07 in bearer form in the secondary market by way of
simple delivery to the buyer is not subject to the DST unless the transfer of the instruments
carries with it a renewal or issuance of new instruments in the name of the transferee to
replace the old ones. (BIR Ruling No. 017-2002 dated April 29, 2002)

Taxability of monetized leave credits – Executive Order No. 291, which took effect on
September 27, 2000, did not render the withholding of taxes on monetized leave credits in
excess of 10 days erroneous or illegal considering that Sec. 2.78.1(A)(7) of RR 2-98 was, at
the time said taxes were collected, a valid regulation implementing an existing law. (BIR
Ruling No. 018-2002 dated May 3, 2002)

De minimis medical allowance - To be considered de minimis medical allowance that will

neither be subject to Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT) nor to withholding tax on compensation, the
following conditions must concur: 1) the amount given to the employee shall be for his own
medical expenses for a given taxable year; 2) the amount actually given and actually spent
shall not exceed P 10,000 in any given year; and 3) the employee must fully substantiate
with official receipts in his name the medical allowance so granted, on or before the
annualization of withholding taxes in any given year. (BIR Ruling No. 019-2002 dated May
9, 2002)

Tax consequences of Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001 - The tax
consequences of R.A. 9136, otherwise known as the Electric Power Industry Reform Act of
2001 (EPIRA), which came into law on June 26, 2001 and provided for the privatization of the
assets of National Power Corporation (NPC) and the creation of two (2) government-owned
corporations (the Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management Corp. (PSALM) and the
National Transmission Corp. (TRANSCO)) are the following:

A. On the Transfer of Assets and Liabilities of NPC (Phase I)

1. NPC Not Liable to Income Tax on the Transfer of its Assets to PSALM and TRANSCO.

The Income Tax exemption of NPC was deemed repealed by Sec. 27(C) of the 1997
Tax Code wherein NPC was not included among the entities exempt from Income
Tax. However, the income of NPC from the operation of a public utility is still
considered excluded from gross income pursuant to Section 32(B)(7)(b), as clarified
in BIR Ruling No. 18-00.

The exemption of NPC is not limited to the sale and transmission of generated power,
but includes transactions incidental to and necessarily connected with the operations
of the public utility, such as a sale or transfer on an isolated basis of its assets, which
transaction is not conducted as a separate business (Radio Communications vs. CTA,
G.R. No. 60547, July 11, 1985; Phil. Power Development co. vs. Commissioner, CTA
Case No. 1152, Oct. 13, 1965). Thus, the income, if any, from the sale or transfer of
NPC's assets is not income from other business activities conducted by NPC but rather
earnings and profits realized in connection with the business conducted in accordance
with the franchise, and thus covered by the exemptions provided for in Sec.
32(B)(7)(b) of the 1997 Tax Code.

2. Transfer of Assets by NPC to PSALM and TRANSCO Not Subject to Franchise and
Value-Added Taxes.

Sec. 27(C) of the 1997 Tax Code repealed only the income tax exemptions of
NPC. Hence, P.D. 938, NPC's Charter, is controlling as regards franchise tax. The
phrase "all forms of taxes" in P.D. 938 evinces a clear legislative intention to exempt
NPC from any kind of tax (Maceda vs. Macaraig, Jr., 223 SCRA 217).

Moreover, since NPC is not a VAT-taxable entity and the transfer of its assets is not
necessary to carry out its primary function as a utility and neither is it done in the
course of trade or business, such transfer shall not be subject to VAT (BIR Ruling No.
113-98 dated July 23, 1998).

3. Transfer of Real Properties from NPC to PSALM and TRANSCO Subject to DST under
Sec. 196 of the 1997 Tax Code.

Documentary Stamp Tax (DST) under Sec. 196 of the 1997 Tax Code is imposed on
the deeds, instruments or writings involving the "sale" of land, tenement or other
realty. In the instant case, the transfer of NPC's generation assets and liabilities to
PSALM, as well as of the transmission and sub-transmission assets and systems to
TRANSCO, all of which are government-owned and controlled corporations, is
mandated by law. The taking of title over the assets of NPC by PSALM for the purpose
of selling or disposing them is likewise consistent with the guidelines set under the
EPIRA. Unlike in an ordinary business transaction, PSALM, as the entity assuming the
obligation, does not exercise any discretion whether to accept the assets and liabilities
to be transferred nor does it play any role in the determination of the amount of the
liabilities that it will assume.

4. Transfer of Liabilities by NPC to PSALM is Not Subject to DST under Sec. 180 and
198 of the 1997 Tax Code.

The transfer of liabilities by NPC to PSALM would, by novation, completely create a

new obligation between the original NPC creditors and PSALM. However, it should be
noted that the transfer of obligation is by operation of law, with the intent of preserving
the NPC loans for the benefit of the NPC creditors. Said transfer of loans is actually a
transfer of such loans from one government vehicle (NPC) to another
(PSALM). Further, considering that both entities serve similar purposes and that they
are both vehicles used by the National Government to achieve the identical objective,
 the transfer of loan does not give rise to a new obligation since the National
Government remains the guarantor for the original loans even after the loans are
transferred to PSALM. Accordingly, no DST under Section 180 of the Tax Code should
be imposed.

NPC's real assets were never subjected to any mortgage, hence, no DST under Sec.
198 in relation to Sec. 195 of the Tax Code shall be imposed.

B. Operation of the Transferred Assets (Phase II)

1. Income of PSALM from Exercise of Essential Government Function Exempt from Tax.

Activities undertaken by PSALM, pursuant to the provisions of EPIRA, are essential

governmental functions, and as such, any income derived therefrom, including income
from the operation of NPC's generation assets, is excluded from gross income and the
MCIT imposed in Sec. 27(A) and Sec. 27(E), respectively.

2) Sale of Generated Power by PSALM Subject to Zero Percent (0%) VAT.

Sec. 6(b), Rule 5 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) in relation to Sec.
4(x) of the EPIRA provides that the sale of generated power by generation companies
shall be subject to 0% VAT. PSALM's registration with the Energy Regulatory
Commission (ERC) will make it a Generation Company and as such, its sale of
generated power will be subject to 0% VAT.

3) TRANSCO Taxed in Same Manner as NPC.

The transfer by NPC of its assets related to transmission operation includes the transfer
of its nationwide franchise to TRANSCO. The transfer of the franchise transfers the
privilege that NPC enjoys under its charter in relation to the operation of the
transmission system. Since TRANSCO should be taxed in the same manner as NPC,
as provided in the latter's charter, the income of TRANSCO is excluded from gross
income for purposes of computing its Income Tax pursuant to Sec. 32(B)(7)(b) of the
1997 Tax Code. Moreover, TRANSCO will be exempt from all forms of taxes including
franchise tax because the NPC franchise, including the privileges related thereto, have
been transferred by operation of law to TRANSCO.

4) NPC Subject to Income Tax and VAT and/or Percentage Tax on its O&M Income;
and 0% VAT on its Income from Generating Electricity through SPUG.

NPC will enter into Operations and Management (O&M) Agreements with both PSALM
and TRANSCO for the operation of the assets transferred to the latter. Since EPIRA
mandates the transfer of NPC's nationwide franchise to TRANSCO, NPC was
automatically divested of its privileges accruing to it under the said franchise,
including, among others, tax exemption privileges. Moreover, essential government
functions have been transferred and assumed by PSALM.

Accordingly, since the service to be rendered by NPC to PSALM and TRANSCO under
the O&M Agreements will not be an activity essentially governmental in nature, any
income derived therefrom by NPC will be subject to Income Tax and MCIT, as provided
under the 1997 Tax Code. Moreover, since the same services are deemed rendered
 in the course of NPC's business, such services shall be subject to VAT or the
appropriate Percentage Tax, as the case may be.

However, under Sec. 70 of the EPIRA, as implemented by Sec. 2 of Rule 3 of the IRR,
NPC shall be responsible for providing power generation and its associated power
delivery systems in areas that are not connected to the transmission system through
Small Power Utilities Group (SPUG), a functional unit of NPC created to pursue
missionary electrification function to some areas in the country where there are no
electricity.

While under the EPIRA, power generation shall no longer be considered a public utility
operation, it may still be considered as essential governmental function insofar as the
operation by NPC of the assets of SPUG is concerned. Hence, income derived
therefrom shall be excluded from gross income pursuant to Sec. 32(B)(7)(b) of the
1997 Tax Code. Moreover, sale of generated power by NPC through SPUG shall be
subject to 0% VAT pursuant to Sec. 6 of EPIRA, as implemented by Sec. 6(b), Rule 5
of the IRR.

C. Privatization of NPC's Assets (Phase III)

1) Gain From the Sale by PSALM of the Generation Facilities to Qualified Buyers Not
Subject to Income Tax.

The eventual sale, disposition or privatization of the generation assets, real estate and
other disposable assets, and IPP contracts, will be a mere incident to, or a necessary
consequence of, the generation activity that PSALM will undertake and should
therefore not be taxed as an independent business in itself. Hence, any income that
PSALM may derive from such sale will also not be subject to Income Tax.

2) Disposition/Sale of Assets by PSALM Not Subject to VAT.

The disposition or sale of the said assets are made pursuant to PSALM's mandate to
sell the same and to liquidate the outstanding loans and obligations of NPC. Since the
same is not conducted in pursuit of any commercial or profitable activity, it will be
considered an isolated transaction which will not be subject to VAT (BIR Ruling No.
113-98 dated July 23, 1998).

3) Sale of Real Properties by PSALM Subject to DST.

The sale of real properties by PSALM will be subject to Documentary Stamp Tax (DST)
under Sec. 196 of the 1997 Tax Code. Since one of the contracting parties is the
government, the tax to be imposed shall be based on the actual consideration that
PSALM will receive from the qualified buyers.

4) TRANSCO's Income From the Sale Arrangement Between TRANSCO

and Concessionaires Will Be Excluded From Gross Income But Winning Bidder Liable
to DST on the Transfer of Real Property by Sale.

Sale of the transmission facilities or the award of concession agreement and lease
arrangement that TRANSCO will enter into with the qualified concessionaires are
activities undertaken to implement the privatization of the transmission system of NPC
 as mandated by Sec. 21 of EPIRA. The tax treatment of the Concession Contract will
depend on the specific terms of the contract. Because of failure to submit a copy of
the Concession Contract, the requested ruling is deferred.

TRANSCO's franchise shall not be transferred to the concessionaire since the latter will
have to secure its own franchise through the efforts of PSALM and TRANSCO. In this
connection, in the sale arrangement between TRANSCO and the concessionaires,
TRANSCO's income from the sale will be excluded from gross income pursuant to Sec.
32(B)(7)(b) of the 1997 Tax Code. Moreover, TRANSCO will be exempt from all taxes,
except Income Tax, in accordance with the NPC Charter on such sale. However, the
transfer of real property by sale is subject to DST under Sec. 196 of the 1997 Tax
Code, but since TRANSCO is exempt from all taxes, the qualified winning bidder shall
be the one directly liable for DST pursuant to Sec. 173 of the 1997 Tax Code.

D. Collection of Universal Charge

Since the Universal Charges collected by distribution utilities do not belong to them and would
not redound to their benefit, the same will not constitute part of their taxable revenues nor
will it be part of their gross receipts for purposes of determining their franchise taxes. Gross
receipts of a taxpayer do not include monies or receipts entrusted to the taxpayer which do
not belong to them and do not redound to the taxpayer's benefit. However, it is required that
the Universal Charge appear as a separate item in the bill.

Likewise, the collection of Universal Charge by PSALM will not be considered as taxable income
nor will it form part of its gross receipts for VAT purposes. The Universal Charge is not a flow
of wealth to PSALM as it would not accrue to its benefit but would be remitted to the Special
Trust Fund, as provided under the EPIRA. PSALM is just the administrator of the fund which
shall be disbursed/distributed to its respective beneficiaries in accordance with the EPIRA. Nor
will the Universal Charge be part of gross receipts since the same does not represent
compensation for services performed by PSALM.

E. Interest Arising From NPC Loans Transferred to PSALM Exempt From Income Tax.

Interest from NPC loans transferred to PSALM is exempt from Income Tax. While EPIRA does
not provide for the same treatment of the NPC loans once the same are transferred to PSALM,
the interest arising therefrom shall remain exempt because the exemption in the NPC Charter
is not granted to NPC, which is the borrower, but ration on the loans, credits and indebtedness
as well as on the payment of principal, interest and other charges. In this connection, Section
8 of NPC's Charter provides that domestic indebtedness and foreign loans contracted by NPC
shall be exempt from all taxes, fees, etc. In effect, the exemption is granted to the lender,
the entity earning the interest income.

However, foreign loans that PSALM may incur in the future in connection with the performance
of its functions shall no longer be covered by the foregoing tax exemption. Nonetheless, the
same may still be exempt from Income Tax pursuant to Section 32(B)(7)(a) of the 1997 Tax
Code, if the interest from the said loans are derived by foreign government, financing
institutions owned, controlled or enjoying refinancing from foreign governments, and
international or regional financial institutions established by foreign governments.

Also, the interest arising from such loans may also be exempt from Income Tax or be subject
to a preferential tax rate if the creditor is a resident of a country with which the Philippines
has an existing treaty, subject to the conditions stated in such treaty. (BIR Ruling No. 020-
2002 dated May 13, 2002)

WITHHOLDING TAX; CAPITAL GAINS TAX; DOCUMENTARY STAMP TAX; VALUE-

ADDED TAX; DONOR’S TAX; transfer of properties to the liquidator as trustee -
Section 27 (D)(5) of the Tax Code of 1997 provides for a final tax of 6% on the gains presumed
to have been realized on the sale, exchange, disposition of lands and/or buildings which are
not actually used in the business of the corporation and are treated as capital assets based
on the gross selling price or fair market value, whichever is higher, of such lands or
buildings. On the other hand, a creditable withholding tax is imposed in the gross selling
price/total amount of consideration or the fair market value determined in accordance of
Section 6(E) of the Code, whichever is higher.

In the instant case, there was no transfer of ownership, but rather a trust created by virtue
of a Deed of Transfer by the Yutingcos and EYCO to the Liquidator, with no monetary
consideration involved in the transfer. Such transaction is not subject to the Capital Gains Tax
imposed under Section 27(D)(5) of the Tax Code of 1997 nor to the expanded withholding
prescribed in Revenue Regulations No. 2-98, as amended.

The Deed of Transfer is not subject to the Documentary Stamp Tax (DST) imposed under
Section 196 of the Tax Code of 1997 but the acknowledgement thereof is subject to the
P15.00 DST prescribed under Section 188 of the said Code.

The transmission of the property to a trustee shall not be subject to Value-Added Tax (VAT)
if the property is to be held merely in trust, in accordance with Section 44.100-1 of Revenue
Regulations No. 7-95.

Moreover, the above transaction is not subject to the Donor’s Tax imposed under Section 99
of the Tax Code of 1997 as there is no intention to donate on the part of the Yutingcos and
EYCO.

The investment agreement by the parties should not be considered as a loan, pursuant to the
definition provided for in Articles 1933 and 1953 of the New Civil Code, or a bonafide
indebtedness within the ambit of RMO No. 63-99. Rather, it is analogous to a capital
contribution considering the said amount is not subject to any repayment or redemption by
PSPI. The intent of the parties is clearly manifested in the agreement which provides that the
amount received shall constitute a deposit for future subscriptions of new
shares. Accordingly, no interest may be imputed on the Investment Agreement between the
parties. (BIR Ruling No. 022-2002 dated June 10, 2002)

FRINGE BENEFITS TAX; de minimis meal and food allowance - The meal and food
benefits provided by the client companies to their employees through Sodexho meal and food
vouchers may be considered tax exempt benefits, subject to the standards set for de minimis
thresholds for fringe benefits under Revenue Regulations (RR) No. 3-98, as amended by RR
Nos. 8-2000 and 10-2000. The meal and food allowance, although not for overtime work, is
considered de minimis, if it does not exceed 25% of the basic minimum wage. The excess
over this amount shall be considered as other benefits as contemplated under Section
32(B)(7)(e)(iv) of the Tax Code of 1997. The rules and regulations on de minimis benefits do
not allow aggregation of the amounts set forth for each type of benefit. In order to clearly
conform with the prescribed de minimis standards, therefore, separate vouchers should be
used for the rice allowance and the meal and food benefit. (BIR Ruling No. 023-2002
dated June 21, 2002)

FINAL WITHHOLDING TAX for alien employees - Section 10 of the Rules and Regulations
Implementing Article 61 of R.A. 8756 provides that alien executives occupying managerial
and technical positions employed by the regional or area headquarters and regional operating
headquarters of multinational companies shall be subject for each taxable year to a final tax
equal to 15% of their gross income received as salaries, wages, annuities, compensations,
remunerations and emoluments. Section 28(A)(6)(a) of the Tax Code of 1997 provides that
regional or area headquarters, as defined in Section 22(DD) of the said Code, shall not be
subject to Income Tax.

Accordingly, Indophil, will not be subject to Income Tax as long as it is performing its functions
and in acting capacity as supervisory, communications and coordinating center for its affiliates
in the region, and it shall not render any of the qualifying services mentioned in the Code,
otherwise, it shall be taxed as a Regional Operating Headquarter. (BIR Ruling No. 024-
2002 dated June 21, 2002)

IMPROPERLY ACCUMULATED EARNINGS TAX; publicly-held corporation - Abbot-

Phils., as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Abbot-US, will be considered as being owned
proportionately by Abbott-US shareholders. The ownership of a domestic corporation, for
purposes of determining whether it is a closely-held corporation or a publicly-held corporation,
is ultimately traced to the individual shareholders of the parent company. Accordingly, Abbot-
Phils. is considered a publicly-held corporation exempt from the Improperly Accumulated
Earnings Tax. This is based on the representation that as of the year end 2000, Abbot-US had
101 to 272 shareholders holding a combined 1,545,937,133 shares of common stock, and the
twenty largest shareholders of Abbott-US as of September 30, 2001 own an aggregate of
30.1% of Abbot-US issued as outstanding shares. Based on Section 4 of Revenue Regulations
No. 2-2001, closely-held corporations are those corporations at least 50% in value if the
outstanding capital stock or at least 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of
stock entitled to vote is owned directly or indirectly by or for not more than 20 individuals.
Abbot-Phils. does not fall under the definition of a closely-held corporation. (BIR Ruling No.
025-2002 dated June 25, 2002)

Tax consequence of issuance of zero coupon bonds - The interest or income earned
from the HGC Bonds (i.e. the discount to face value) up to the extent of the weighted average
interest rate of 10.15% is exempt from Income Tax pursuant to Section 19 of the HGC
Charter, as implemented by Article 44 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the HGC.

Interest or income earned from the HGC Bonds in excess of the weighted average interest
rate of 10.15% is exempt from the 20% final withholding tax imposed by Section 27 (D)(1)
of the Tax Code of 1997 but subject to the ordinary Income Tax.
Gains arising from the sale or transfer of the HGC Zeroes in the secondary market are exempt
from Income Tax pursuant to Section 32(B)(7)(g) of the Tax Code since HGC Zeroes have a
tenor of 5 years and 1 day.

Section 32(B)(7)(g) of the Tax Code exempts from Income Tax the gain realized from the
redemption or retirement of bonds, as well as their sale or exchange in trade. The original
issue discount notes does not fall within the purview of the term “gain” under said Section.

The original issuance of the HGC Zeroes shall be subject to Documentary Stamp Tax (DST)
while the sale or transfer thereof in the secondary market in bearer form by simple delivery
to the buyer is not subject to DST. (BIR Ruling No. 026-2002 dated June 27, 2002)

WITHHOLDING TAX on sale of real property - The nature of the real property being sold
should be determined first. If the real property is a land or building not actually used in the
business of the seller-corporation and is treated as a capital asset, then a final tax of 6% shall
be imposed on the gain presumed to have been realized on its sale, exchange or disposition
based on whichever is higher of the gross selling price or fair market value (FMV) of such land
or building. This rule applies whether or not the seller-corporation is engaged in real estate
business.

On the other hand, if the real property being sold is an ordinary asset, then the withholding
tax rates imposed under Section 2.57.2 of Revenue Regulations (RR) No. 2-98 shall apply.
The rate of withholding tax will depend on, first, whether the seller is exempt or taxable;
second, whether the seller is habitually engaged in real estate business or not; and third, the
gross selling price, as defined in the said RR, if the seller is habitually engaged in real estate
business.

Based on the foregoing, and on the assumption that the seller in each case is taxable and not
exempt, the tax implication of the following sales transactions are as follows:

1. Where the seller is a corporation duly registered with the HLURB as habitually engaged in
the real estate business, a creditable withholding tax based on the gross selling price/total
amount of consideration or FMV, whichever is higher, paid to the seller/owner for the sale,
transfer or exchange of real property, other than capital asset, shall be deducted by the
withholding agent/buyer, in accordance with the following schedule:

a. Seller or transferor is exempt from creditable withholding tax in accordance with

Section 2.57.5 of RR No. 2-98

Exempt

b. Seller or transferor is habitually engaged in the real estate business and the selling
price is:

i. P500,000 or less 1.5%

ii. More than P500,000 but not more than P2,000,000 3%

iii. More than P2,000,000 5%

2. The above tax treatment shall likewise apply in cases where the seller-corporation is
habitually engaged in the real estate business, even if the buying corporation is not engaged
in the real estate business.

3. If the property is an ordinary asset and the seller is not habitually engaged in the real
estate business, the rate of creditable withholding tax is 6% of the gross selling price as
provided in Section 3(J) of RR No. 6-2001. On the other hand, if the property is not actually
used in the business of the seller-corporation, and is treated as a capital asset, a final tax of
6% shall be imposed on the gain presumed to have been realized on its sale, exchange or
disposition of such land or building pursuant to Section 27(D)(5) of the Tax Code.

4. Where the seller-corporation habitually engaged in the real estate business sells real
property held as ordinary asset to an individual not engaged in trade or business, the following
rules shall apply:

a. If the sale is on installment plan (i.e., payments in the year of sale do not exceed
25% of the selling price), no withholding tax is required to be made on the periodic
installment payments. In such a case, the applicable rate of tax based on the gross
selling price or FMV of the property, whichever is higher, shall be withheld on the last
installment or installments to be paid to the seller until the tax is fully paid.

b. If, on the other hand, the sale is on a “cash basis” or is a “deferred payment sale
not on the installment plan” (i.e. payments in the year of sale exceed 25% of the
selling price or FMV of the property, whichever is higher), the applicable withholding
tax rate shall be withheld on the first installment.

However, if the buyer is engaged in trade or business, whether a corporation or otherwise,

the following rules shall apply:

a. If the sale is on installment plan, the tax shall be deducted and withheld by the
buyer on every installment.

b. If, on the other hand, the sale is on a “cash basis” or is a “deferred payment sale
not on the installment plan,” the buyer shall withhold the tax based on the gross selling
price or FMV of the property, whichever is higher, on the first installment.

For purposes of applying the foregoing rules, “gross selling price” shall mean the consideration
stated in the sales document or the FMV determined in accordance with Section 6 (E) of the
Tax Code of 1997, whichever is higher.

Registration with HLURB or HUDCC shall be sufficient for a seller/transferor to be considered

as habitually engaged in real estate business. If the seller/transferor is not registered with
the HLURB or HUDCC, he/it may prove that he/it is engaged in the real estate business by
offering other satisfactory evidence (e.g. consummation during the preceding year at least 6
taxable real estate transactions regardless of amount). (BIR Ruling No. 027-2002 dated July
3, 2002)

Tax consequences of a conveyance of land by a dissolving corporation - If R Corp has no other

creditors, the receipt by the trustee of the 3 parcels of land is in effect a distribution of
liquidating dividends to the shareholders of R Corp subject to the following:
 a. Stockholders receiving liquidating dividends will thereby realize capital gain or
loss. The gain, if any shall be subject to Income Tax at the rates prescribed under
then Section 21 (a) of the Tax Code. Moreover, pursuant to then Section 33 (B) of
the Tax Code, as amended, only 50% of the aforementioned capital gain is reportable
for Income Tax purposes if the shares were held by the individual stockholders for
more than 12 months, and 100% of the capital gains if the shares were held for less
than 12 months. Finally, the conveyance of real properties in the form of liquidating
dividends to the stockholders is not subject to Documentary Stamp Tax (DST) under
Section 196 of the Tax Code.

b. If the stockholders sell the aforementioned land and building received by them as
liquidating dividends immediately after title thereto is transferred to their names and
after the lease thereon shall have been terminated, the stockholders shall be subject
to the 5% Capital Gains Tax (CGT) based on the gross selling price thereof or the FMV
prevailing at the time of sale, whichever is higher, pursuant to then Section 21 (c) of
the Tax Code, as amended. If the sale is effected on or after January 1, 1998, however,
the CGT rate is 6% (Section 24 (D) (1), Tax Code of 1997). The sale shall also be
subject to DST under Section 196 of the Tax Code of 1997.

On the other hand, if there are still creditors, such creditors have preference over the
corporate assets of R Corp. vis-à-vis its shareholders, and therefore, the shareholders who
are individuals are not yet deemed to be in receipt of their respective share in the net assets
of the corporation. In which case, the transfer of the 3 parcels of land pursuant to the Deed
of Conveyance is indeed a mere transfer to a trust, which would not be subject to the Income
Tax, withholding tax nor to the DST on conveyances of real property.

The notarial certification, however, would be subject to the DST of Ten Pesos (P10) pursuant
to then Section 188 of the Tax Code, as amended. The shareholders themselves become
subject to Income Tax on the liquidating gains, if any, once the liabilities of the trust are
settled and there is no impediment to the distribution of the net assets of the trust, whether
or not there is in fact an actual distribution of assets.

In addition, the transfer of real property as liquidating dividends to the shareholders of a

corporation is not subject to the DST on conveyance of real property. (BIR Ruling No. 028-
2002 dated July 22, 2002)

WITHHOLDING TAX; compensation income of government employees; substituted

filing of ITR - The withholding tax on compensation income of government employees is
creditable in nature. Thus, pursuant to Section 79(C)(2) of the Tax Code of 1997, the amount
deducted and withheld during any calendar year shall be allowed as a credit to the recipient
of such income against the tax imposed under Section 24 (A).

As regards any deficiency or excess in the monthly withholding, Step 6 of Section 2.79
(B)(5)(b) of Revenue Regulations (RR) No. 2-98 provides that the deficiency tax (when the
amount of tax computed in Step 5 is greater than the amount of cumulative tax already
deducted and withheld or when no tax has been withheld from the beginning of the calendar
year) shall be deducted from the last payment of compensation for the calendar year. If the
deficiency tax is more than the amount of last compensation to be paid to an employee, the
employer shall be liable to pay the amount of tax which cannot be collected from the
employee. The obligation of the employee to the employer arising from the payment by the
latter of the amount of tax which cannot be collected from the compensation of the employee
must be settled between the employee and employer.

The excess tax (when the amount of cumulative tax already deducted and withheld is greater
than the tax computed in Step 5) shall be credited or refunded to the employee not later than
January 25 of the following year. However, in case of termination of employment before
December, the refund shall be given to the employee at the payment of the last compensation
during the year. In return, the employer is entitled to deduct the amount refunded from the
remittable amount of taxes withheld from compensation income in the current month in which
the refund was made, and in the succeeding months thereafter until the amount refunded by
the employer is fully repaid.

Moreover, RR No. 3-2002 dated March 22, 2002 provides that employees receiving
compensation income from only one taxable year whose tax due is equal to tax withheld
qualify for substituted filing of ITR.

In substituted filing of ITR, the employer’s annual information return (BIR From No. 1604-CF)
may be considered the “substituted” ITR of the employee inasmuch as the information he
would have provided the BIR in his own ITR (BIR Form No. 1700) would have been exactly
the same information contained in the employer’s annual information return. This being the
case, the taxpayer has the option not to file his ITR for the taxable year involved.

In addition, substituted filing applies only if all the following circumstances are present:

1. The employee receives purely compensation income (regardless of amount) during

the taxable year;

2. The employee receives the income only from one employer during the taxable year;

3. The amount of tax due from the employee at the end of the year equals the amount
of tax withheld by the employer; and

4. The employee’s spouse also complies with all the three (3) conditions stated above.

Furthermore, RR 3-3002 shall cover taxable year 2002 and succeeding years although
substituted filing is optional on the part of the employee for income earned for taxable year
2001. (BIR Ruling No. 029-2002 dated July 31, 2002)

Taxability of properties surrendered as ill-gotten wealth in favor of the Philippine

Government - Certificates placed upon documents, instruments and papers for the national,
provincial, city or municipal government, made at the instance and for the sole use of some
other branch of the national, provincial, city or municipal government, are exempted from
Documentary Stamp Tax [see Section 212 (2), 1997 Tax Code]. With regard to the Capital
Gains Tax, no such tax is due because there is no capital gain to be taxed, there being no
sale or exchange of capital assets involved [see Section 34(2), 1997 Tax Code] since the
subject properties were voluntarily surrendered to the Republic of the Philippines which is the
real owner of the same. (BIR Ruling No. 030-2002 dated August 7, 2002)
VALUE-ADDED TAX – Even for the sake of argument, FWP’s gross receipts do not
exceed P 550,000.00 for any 12 - month period, this does not mean that it is given the
option to register as a VAT taxpayer. The option applies only where a taxpayer is otherwise
subject to VAT if not for the fact that it does not meet the P 550,000.00 threshold under
Section 109 (z) of the Tax Code of 1997, in which case, it becomes subject to the 3%
Percentage Tax under Section 116 of the Tax Code of 1997. This is not the case of FWP where
VAT exemption is based on a special law under Section 109(q) of the Tax Code of 1997. In
view of the foregoing, FWP does not have the option to register either as VAT or non-VAT
taxpayer with respect to its gross receipts as subcontractor. It however, has the option to
register as VAT or non-VAT taxpayer with respect to its other activities, provided they fall
under the above mentioned instances in the regulation where such option is indeed
given. (BIR Ruling No. 031-2002 dated August 12, 2002)

Effective date of merger - For purposes of compliance with BIR reportorial requirements
on merger, the general rule is that the effective date of merger shall be the date of approval
by the SEC of the Articles and Plan of Merger pursuant to Sec. 79 of the Corporation Code. In
this case, the SEC approved the merger on April 30, 2002.

However, when the parties to the merger provided for a date when their merger shall take
effect, in which case, the effective date of merger shall be the date agreed upon by the
constituent corporations (as stated in their Plan of Merger), which in this case is June 30,
2002. Thus, for purposes of complying with the requirements of the post merger notice and
filing of the short period return under Section 52 (c) of the Tax Code of 1997, the 30 day
period shall be reckoned from the effective date of merger, June 30, 2002. (BIR Ruling No.
032-2002 dated August 12, 2002)

DONOR’S TAX; sale of realty less than the adequate value - York Philippines is not
subject to Donor’s Tax when it sold its building and improvements on rented land to the new
lessee for less than the market value of the properties, as stated in their previous tax
declarations.

The sale resulted from the global restructuring of York Group which prompted York Philippines
to cease operations and consequently dispose its assets and risk losing the value of its building
and the improvements upon pre-termination of its lease.

As a rule, under Sec. 100 of the Tax Code of 1997, transfers for less than an adequate and
full consideration in money or money’s worth of property is deemed a gift, thus subject to
Donor’s Tax. However, this rule is not absolute. In the case of Commissioner of Internal
Revenue vs. BF Goodrich Phils., Inc. G. R. No. 104171, February 24, 1999, the Supreme Court
ruled that: “it is possible that real property may be sold for less than the adequate
consideration for a bona fide business purposes; in such an event, the sale remains an arm’s
length transaction. In the present case, the private respondent was compelled to sell the
property even at a price less than its market value, because it would have lost all ownership
rights over it upon expiration of the parity amendment.”

In the case at bar, there is no showing of donative intent on the part of York. Though Sec.
100 does not require donative intent since its purpose is to close any avenue for tax avoidance
by encompassing all transactions where there is a disparity in consideration, it is, however,
indicative of a strong proof that a gratuity is intended. However, jurisprudence recognizes
those instances where there is no gratuity intended – these are dealings done in the ordinary
course of business. Although it is true that these dealings per se are not sufficient to rule out
the existence of donative intent, it is equally true that donative intent is not synonymous with
a disparity in consideration.

Since York’s transaction is an arm’s length transaction and a bona fide business
arrangements, the same negates the fiction which treats the effect as a
donation. Accordingly, it is not subject to Donor’s Tax ordinarily imposed on gift or donation
under Sec. 98 in relation to Sec. 100 of the Tax Code of 1997. (BIR Ruling No. 033-2002
dated August 16, 2002)

Taxation of Additional Compensation Allowance (ACA) - The ACA given to government

employees pursuant to EO 219 shall not be subject to withholding tax deductions but shall be
subject to Income Tax as “taxable compensation income.”

However starting January 1, 2000, it shall be treated as part of the “other benefits” under
Section 32(b)(7)(e) of the Tax Code of 1997, which are excluded from gross compensation
income, provided, that the total amount of such benefits does not exceed P30,000.00.

This ruling modifies BIR Ruling No. 179-99 dated November 22, 1999 stating that ACA is
exempt from taxes provided for under AO No. 53 on the condition that such allowance was
not integrated in the basic pay. (BIR Ruling No. 034-2002 dated August 16, 2002)

IMPROPERLY ACCUMULATED EARNINGS TAX; publicly-held corporations - Improperly

accumulated earnings tax is a penalty imposed on the corporation for the improper
accumulation of its earnings to deter the avoidance of tax by the shareholders who are
supposed to pay dividends tax on the earnings distributed to them by the corporation.
However, the improperly accumulated earnings tax shall not apply to, among others, publicly-
held corporations.

The ownership of a domestic corporation for purposes of determining whether it is a closely-

held corporation or a publicly-held corporation is ultimately traced to the individual
shareholders of the parent company. Thus, where at least 50% of the outstanding capital
stock or at least 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to
vote in a corporation is owned directly or indirectly by more than 20 individuals, the
corporation is considered publicly-held corporation. (BIR Ruling No. 025-2002 dated June 25,
2002)

Considering that the parent company of Siemens Power Operations, Inc. is a corporation
publicly listed in Germany, whose stocks are owned and held by more than 20 stockholders,
Siemens Power Operations, Inc. is not subject to the 10% improperly accumulated earnings
tax. (BIR Ruling No. 035-2002 dated August 29, 2002)
FRINGE BENEFIT TAX; WITHHOLDING TAX; application of Tax Credit Certificate
(TCC) - The second paragraph of Section 204(C) of the Tax Code of 1997 specifically prohibits
the application of a TCC against the withholding tax liabilities of a taxpayer. The rationale for
this prohibition is that the withholding tax is not considered a direct liability of the taxpayer.
The tax withheld is actually payment made by the taxpayer other than the withholding agent
who merely holds the tax withheld in trust for the government.

Fringe benefit tax is a withholding tax on the employee although payment thereof is made
directly by the employer. It is a direct internal revenue tax liability of the employee, and not
of the employer. Hence, Bechtel Overseas Corporation cannot use its TCC to pay the fringe
benefit tax because of the prohibition under Section 204(C) of the Tax Code of 1997.

Bechtel Overseas Corporation’s request for non-imposition of civil penalties on the ground
that it made a voluntary tender of payment of the fringe benefit tax through the use of its
TCC was denied for lack of basis for abatement of civil penalties. Payment in the form of a
TCC is not valid and is considered as no payment at all. Bechtel Overseas Corporation, having
failed to pay the tax on time, the penalties thereon should attach. (BIR Ruling No. 036-
2002 dated October 9, 2002)

EXCISE TAX; imported articles of an inventor - The exemption of an inventor from the
Excise Tax pursuant to Section 3 of Revenue Regulations (RR) No. 19-93, which implemented
the provisions of RA 7459 (Inventions and Inventors Incentives Act of the Philippines), covers
only the sale of his invented products. Section 129 of the Tax Code provides that Excise Taxes
apply to goods manufactured in the Philippines for domestic sale or consumption or for any
other disposition, and to things imported which shall be in addition to the VAT. As importer of
the raw materials needed in the manufacture and commercialization of his products, the
inventor has to pay the Excise Taxes due on his imported articles prior to the release of the
same from customhouse, pursuant to Section 131(A) of the Tax Code of 1997. (BIR Ruling
No. 037-2002 dated October 15, 2002)

INCOME TAX; VALUE-ADDED TAX; withdrawal of tax incentives to government

agencies and instrumentalities - Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA), to which Duty Free
Philippines (DFP) is attached, is a government instrumentality, which is one of the entities
referred to in Section 27(C) of the Tax Code of 1997. An “instrumentality” refers to any agency
of the National Government, not integrated within the department framework, vested with
some, if not all, corporate powers, administering specific funds, and enjoying operational
autonomy, usually through a charter.

The withdrawal of the exemption privileges granted to government agencies and

instrumentalities such as PTA/DFP under Section 27(C) of the Tax Code of 1997 covers only
Income Tax. With respect to the imposition of VAT on DFP’s importation of goods and its local
purchases of goods, the nature of business of duty free shops require its exemption from
taxes to enable said shops to be much more competitive by reducing its cost of operation. If
PTA and, consequently, DFP were to pay VAT, which is an indirect tax, it will be passed on to
its tax-free merchandise, rendering the same not tax-free at all. (BIR Ruling No. 038-2002
dated November 5, 2002)
DOCUMENTARY STAMP TAX; gain or loss in partial or complete liquidation of a
corporation - The transfer by the liquidating corporation of its remaining assets to its
stockholders is not considered a sale of these assets. Thus, a liquidating corporation does not
realize gain or loss in partial or complete liquidation. Conversely, neither is a liquidating
corporation subject to tax on its receipt of the shares surrendered by its shareholders pursuant
to a complete or partial liquidation.

No Documentary Stamp Tax (DST) is due on the surrender and cancellation of shares since
the surrender does not constitute a sale, assignment or transfer because the liquidating
corporation is not taking title to the surrendered shares and the shares are retired and not
retained as treasury shares.

A distribution in liquidation, without consideration, of the assets of a corporation consisting

of real estate is not subject to DST under Section 196 of the Tax Code of 1997. A corporation
that distributes its assets to its shareholders as liquidating dividends is not deemed to be
selling such assets to the latter. However, the notarial certification on the deeds of assignment
is subject to DST of P15.00 under Section 188 of the Tax Code of 1997. (BIR Ruling No.
039-2002 dated November 11, 2002)

EXCISE TAX; VALUE-ADDED TAX; importation of petroleum products - Importation of

petroleum products (except lubricating oil, processed gas, grease, wax and petrolatum)
subject to Excise Tax is exempt from VAT. Moreover, the exemption from Excise Tax under
Section 6 of RA 7459 does not apply to the movement of the inventions from the SBFZ to
customs territory, which is importation subject to Excise Tax.(BIR Ruling No. 040-2002
dated November 14, 2002)

TAXABILITY OF FRINGE BENEFIT TAX – Medical cash allowance of P 750 per employee
per semester given as de minimis benefit to both managerial and rank and file employees is
not subject to Income Tax and withholding tax. However, the excess shall be taxable to the
employee if such excess is beyond the P 30,000 ceiling for 13th month and other benefits.

Generally, the cost of educational assistance or scholarship grant to the employee shall be
treated as taxable fringe benefit. However, said scholarship grant shall not be treated as
taxable fringe benefit if:

(a) the education or study involved is directly connected with the employer’s trade,
business or profession and

(b) there is a written contract between them that the employee is under obligation to
remain in the employ of the employer for a period of time that they have mutually
agreed upon.

Educational assistance to dependents of an employee shall be treated as taxable fringe

benefits of the employee unless the assistance was provided through a competitive scheme
under the scholarship program of the company.
The provisions of Section 33 of the Tax Code of 1997 shall apply with respect to the imposition
of a final tax on educational fringe benefits extended to managerial or supervisory employees.
If the recipient is a rank and file employee, the fringe benefit will be subject to withholding
tax on compensation and to Income Tax but not on final tax on fringe benefits. Both
managerial or supervisory or rank and file employee shall be subject to the P 30,000 threshold
pursuant to Section 32(B)(7)(e) of the Tax Code of 1997. (BIR Ruling No. 041-2002 dated
November 14, 2002)