Various Committees:

Judgements Polity

Judiciary: Judiciary
Tribunals: L. Chandrakumar 1997 ADR: Justice B.N. Srikrishna
Separation with Legislature: Indira Gandhi vs Raj Narayan 1975 (39th CAA) AIJS: Shetty Commission (National Judicial Pay Commission-1999)
Elections: Reforms: Law Commission report (always mention)
RTI about candidate information: UoI vs ADR 2002 Tribunals:
Section 8(4) of RPA 1951: Ramesh Dalal vs UoI 2005 Swaran Singh Committee (42nd ©AA)
— do — is unconstitutional: Lily Thomas vs UoI 2013 Malimath Committee: End tribunal system (Reforms to Criminal Justice
NOTA: PUCL vs UoI 2013 System)
Dispose off cases in 1 year: Public Interest Foundation vs UoI 2014 Elections:
Spouse Info: Lok Prahari State Funding: Dinesh Goswami, Indrasen Gupta
Legislature: Legislature:
Anti Defection Law: Kihoto Hollohan vs Zachilhu 1992 Anti Defection Law: NCRWC, Dinesh Goswami, Election Commission, LC
Speaker Money Bill: Jairam Ramesh on Aadhar Bill Executive:
Domicile Status in Rajya Sabha: Kuldeep Nayyar Case (Open Ballot Also) President Rule: Rajamannar Committee
Parliamentary Privileges > FoSE: MSM Sharma Case / Searchlight Case Centre State Relations:
Ordinances: Sarkaria
Cooper Case 1970 Puncchi
Wadhwa Case 1987
Economics and Agriculture Committees
Krishna Kumar Singh vs State of Bihar 2017
Executive:
Budgeting:
Constitutional Position of the President:
FRBM Review: NK Singh
Ram Jawaya vs State of Punjab 1955
Planned Non Planned Expenditure: Rangarajan (2012), Vimal Jalan (2015)
Shamsher Singh vs State of Punjab 1974
Expenditure Management: Vimal Jalan (2015)
UN Rao vs Indira Gandhi 1971
Calendar for Budget: Shankaracharya
Office of Governor
Fiscal Policy:
Brijmohan Lal case (Pleasure is not absolute)
GST: Kelkar Committee, 2004 (setup for implementing FRBM)
B P Singhal case (Removal can be JRed)
Direct Tax Codes: Arvind Modi
Raghukul Tilak (Its not an office under government)
Overhauling IT Act 1961 provisions: RV Easwar
Nebam Rebia (Discretion is subject able to Judicial Review)
Monetary Policy
Inviting to form government: Rameshwar Prasad vs UoI 2005, Sarkaria also
Banking Reforms: Narsimhan Committee
President Rule: Bommai Judgement 1994
Financial Inclusion: Nachiket Mor (Payment Banks and SFBs)
National Emergency: Minerva Mills 1980
Bad Bank: Sunil Mehta
IBC: Vishwanathan Committee
Employment and Unorganised Sector: Arjun Sengupta
Micro Finance Based Credit: Malegam Committee
Agriculture
MSP and Procurement: Shanta Kumar
Marketing: Shankar Guru (Model APMC)
Doubling Farmer Income: Ashok Dalwai
Corporate Governance: Kumar Mangalam Birla, Narayan Murthy, Uday Kotak
Legalising Gambling: B.S. Chauhan Law Commission
Infrastructure:
Oil Pricing Policy: Kirit Parikh Committee

Cases / CA on FRs

Amendability: Article 19:

Shankari Prasad 1951 → Golaknath 1967 → 24th CA 1971 → Formation of Cooperatives: 97th CA 2011
Keshvananda Bharti 1973 → 42nd CA 1976 → Minerva Mills 1980 → IR Coelho 2007 Sedition: Kedarnath Singh vs State of Bihar 1962 (add a proviso)
Parliamentary Privileges: Searchlight / MSM Sharma 1960
Article 15: No discrimnation on rrcsp: Defamation: Subramaniam Swamy 2016 (upheld 499 and 500)
93rd CA 2005 — 27% to OBCs in Educational Institutes Cow Slaughter: All India Jamiatul Quresh vs State of MH 2016
Interstate Trade and Commerce:
Article 16: Equal opportunity in public employment Atiabari Tea Company vs State of Assam 1961
Indra Sawhney 1991 Automobile Transport vs State of Rajasthan 1962
Tamil Nadu Act in 1994 → IX Schedule → Coelho 2007
77th CA 1995 → 16(4A) Reservation in promotion Article 21:
M. Nagaraj 2006 PEBL: AK Gopalan: 1950 (Positive Law Concept)
81st CA 2000: 16(4B) Carry Forward Policy DPOL: Menaka Gandhi vs UoI: 1978 — Applied in Selvi vs State of KN case of narco
Ram Singh Case: Jat 10% economically backward analysis
Latest in 2018 PNJ:
Menaka Gandhi (Art 21)
Article 17: Untouchability Central Inland Water Transport Corp Ltd vs Brojonath Ganguly 1986 (Art 14)
Subhash Mahajan vs State of MH 2018 (Dilution by SC of PoAC 1989) Privacy:
MP Sharma 1954
Article 18: Kharak Singh 1962
Balaji Raghavan 1996 — Padma Awards K Puttaswamy 2017
377:
Article 20:
Naz Foundation vs Govt of Delhi 2009
Selvi vs State of KN 2010 — No Polygraph, Brain Mapping etc
Suresh Kumar Koushal vs Naz Foundation 2012
NALSA vs UoI 2014 (3rd option in forms)
Article 22:
Navtej Singh Johar 2018
DK Basu Guidelines
Living Will: Common Cause vs UoI 2018
Hussain Ara Khatum vs State of Bihar
Right to Die:
M. Rathinam 1994
Article 24:
Gian Kaur 1996
MC Mehta 1997 Guidelines
Aruna Shanbhaug 2011

Article 25/ 26:

Sabarimala
Hadiya

Article 29, 30:

TMA Pai
PA Inamdar

Financial Inclusion Poverty

PMJDY 41% MDI poverty in India as per 2011-12

34 Crore beneficiaries 138 million exited poverty btw 2005-2012 (37% → 22%)
1.26 lakh Bank Mitras delivering Branchless banking service 270 million absolute poor (EPW)
Sharp increase in number of Women account holders (~45% of all account holders) 22% BPL [290 million]

Empty Accounts: 23%

Oxfam: 1% own 58% income
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Report:
45% Women account holders but only 8% Banking Agents are Women
Poverty Lines: (Per Person Per Month)
200% increase in volume of cash transactions
Tendulkar: Rural: 816 — Urban: 1000 || 22%
Rangarajan: Rural: 927 — Urban: 1407 || 29%
71% Formal Loans are going to Farmers with >5 acre land holdings

Gini Coefficient:
MUDRA Loans:
Consumption : 0.37
78% are women
Income: 0.55
> 50% are SC, ST and OBCs

Multidimensional Poverty: 41% HH (2011-12)

Urbanization Education

34% population living in Urban Areas (31.6% in 2011 census) Engineering

Large Urban Agglomerations (over 50 lakh population) are stagnant whereas small clusters Govt colleges: number of students not placed is increasing
(10-50 lakh) have increased Private colleges: Placed increasing and not placed decreasing
Per Capita Investment on Urban Infrastructure:
India: $17 per annum GER: 26% [SC: 21%, ST: 16%, Female: 24%, Male: 27%]
China: $116 HE PTR: 30:1 , USA: 12.5:1
World Average: $100 Expenditure: 0.8%
Employability of Engineers only 18%
No Institute in Top 100/500
Yashpal Committee: HEERA

Judiciary Women Empowerment

Pendency in India — over 3 crore Only 12% seats in the Parliament

60,000 in SC World Bank: Rise in GDP by 25% if Gender Parity is achieved
42 lakh in HC
2.8 crore in Subordinate courts SHGs: 90% self employment SHGs are women oriented
Gender Development Index: 127 / 188
Enforcing Contracts index in EODB: 164 / 172
Retirement Ages: India SC(65) HC(62) Gender Inequality Index: 130th Rank
USA, Austria, Greece - Judges for life Reproductive Health:
Canada - 75 years MMR: 167/100000
Belgium Denmark Ireland - 70 years Adolescent Fertility Rate: 33/1000
Germany - 68 years LFPR: 27%
Judge population ratio in India is mere 19.66 per million Empowerment:
Australia: 41, UK: 51, Canada:75, USA: 107 Seats in Parliament: 12%
Education Attainment
Judge Docket Ratio: Global Gender Gap Report: 108th
India: 980 per judge
USA: 3000 per judge Only 3000 female foeticide cases in 21 years despite billions of heinous acts committed
Shows the inefficiency in management of cases
78% MUDRA Loans to Women entrepreneurs
Only 17% Contribution to GDP (Average 37%)
Government as Litigant: ~ 46% cases
Supreme Court Working days: 188 in a year
7% Vasectomy
Criminal Justice System:
93% Tubectomy
More than 4.19 lakh prisoners and 67% undertrials in
Child Issues:
the prisons
Child Marriage: RJ, BH: 60% Rural 48% Urban 29%
Child Labour: 60% reduction in 2011 Census; >10 mn in 2011

Elections Legislature

Simultaneous Elections Sitting: 14th LS → 66 days; British HOC → 140 days

~77% vote for the same party Disruptions: 24% with 52 Lakh cost incurred per disruption
Committees:
Funding: Only 70% Bills sent to review
ADR: 69% funding from unknown sources between 2004-05 to 2014-15 16th Lok Sabha: Only 27%
88% of donations ( > 20000 cr) from corporate houses Budget control: 35 hours / year and only 6% demands debated
Naming power: Lok Sabha: 374A, Need 256A in RS
Criminalisation:
Chances of winning
Clean Candidate: 5%
Corrupt Candidate: 13%
ADR: 34% legislators have criminal charges but only 0.5% convicted

Tourism Banking

Rank: 40th/136 in Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report Banking Fraud losses: 70,000 crore in 3 years 2015-18
7th in contribution to GDP 139 borrowers with Gross NPA of more than 1000 crore
World Travel and Tourism Council:
NPA Asset ratios increased to 11.6% for SCBs and 15.6% for PSBs
8% Employment contribution
9.4% GDP contribution in 2017
Fall in Bank share in new credit to 35%

Agriculture Economy

Cropping: GDP:
192 mn hectares — Gross Sown Area 2.4 trillion USD
140 mn hectares — Net Sown Area 17 - 28 - 55 % contributions
Only 0.5kg/ha average Pesticide Usage GNPPPP Per Capita: USD 5663
17% Women contribution
Cereals: Wheat (14) + Rice (25) : 39%
Pulses: 14%
Development Indices:
HDI: 0.624 (131st) → medium developed
Production (2016-17):
i-HDI: 27% lesser
Food Grain: 275 mnT
Gender Development Index: 127 / 188 (0.745)
Horticulture: 300 mnT
Happiness Index: 122/155
Disasters: Inclusive Development Index: 62nd/ 103
FAO: > 25% of losses due to disasters is met by Agriculture sector
INCLUDE FISHERIES and FORESTRY AS WELL!!! Deficits:
LIVESTOCK Losses also CAD: 0.6% in 2016-17 → 1.9% in 2017-18
Irrigation: Trade Deficit: 4.8% in 2016-17 → 6% in 2017-18
Full Irrigation potential: 140 mn at present Fiscal Deficit: 3.5% (3.3% next year)
400 BCM freshwater but only 100 BCM utilised Primary Deficit: 0.1%
60% GSA in rainfed
Efficiencies: Canal(38%), Tubewell(65%), Drip and Sprinkler(90%) GDPMP Growth Rate: [2016-17 → 2017-18]
Credit: Overall : 7.1% → 6.5%
40% informal credit through money lenders Agriculture and Allied: 4.9 → 2.1%
44% SCBs Industry: 5.6 → 4.4%
12% Cooperatives Services: 7.7 → 8.3%
4% RRBs
Subsidies:
Allied Sectors: Food: 0.8% GDP (1.4 lakh cr) (highest)
Horticulture : 30% Agri GDP Fertiliser: 0.5% GDP (0.7 lakh cr) (2nd highest)
Animal Rearing: 25% Agri GDP 40% Leakages
Fishery: 5% Agri GDP Top 10 Centrally Sponsored Schemes: ~1.4% GDP
Dairy: 176.4 MMT Production
Logistic Costs: 14% of total cost [US - 8%, EU - 10%]
SECC Data:
54 million Households without any land Taxation:

Most deprived section of the economy Tax payers: only 4.86% — ~ 6crore

25% own irrigated land GST:

Rural income source: Tax net: 65 lakh → 110 lakh (70% increase)

51% Casual Labour Revenue Growth: 11%

30% Cultivation Buoyancy of 1.14 as compared to 0.9 earlier

Indirect - Direct :: 52 - 48
Average Agrarian HH Debt: 47000
Average HH Income: 74000 AIR INDIA: $8.5 billion Debt burden
Rural Debt:
More than 50% of agriculture households have more debt than income — NABARD
Corporate Governance: 41% not following
Data
Non Farming Income:
40% of total rural income
40% have 0 NFI
MSP Benefits: Only 6% (Shanta Kumar Committee)
Edible Oil Imports: 68,000 cr → 70% Palm Oil
Farmer Suicides: 72% Small and Marginal Farmers

Industry Employment:

Ease of Doing Business: 100th Informal workers: 92% (2009 - Arjun Sengupta)
Employed: 40.5 cr
Best: Protecting Minority Investors, Getting credit and Getting electricity
Unemployed: 1.4 crore
Worst: Enforcing contracts, Construction permits, Starting a business
Self Employed / Casual / Contract Labour: 83%
Self Employed: 52%
CSR: 41% firms didn’t contribute as per mandate
Formal Employment:
Social Security → 7.5 cr (31% of non-agri jobs)
Foreign Trade:
Tax Filing → 12.7 cr (53% of non-agri jobs)
Total Exports: USD 480bn
NREGA:
From SEZ: USD 18 bn (expected 73 bn)
65% beneficiaries are non-poor — IHDS
40% Jobs to Women (instead of mandated 33%)
E-Commerce Sector: 53 billion with CAGR of nearly 20-25%
Textile: 4% GDP, 2nd Highest Employment
Only 2% workforce is skilled in India
10 lakh workers entering Labour Force every year, but huge unemployment

Energy Sector

Total Capacity: 344 GW Oil and Gas:

Distribution: 0.5% Reserves but 15% population
Thermal: 65% 3 largest consumption, 8.3% Annual growth in consumption
Coal: 58% DNEP: Dependence to increase by 20% by 2020
Gas: 7% Targets:
Hydro: 13% Reduce imports by 10% by 2022
Nuclear: 2% Increase share of gas in Energy by 15% (2020)
Renewable: 20%
Wind Energy:
Per Capita Consumption: 32 GW capacity, 55% of Renewable, 4th in world
1200 kWh - amongst lowest Target: 60 GW by 2022
DNEP: Will increase by 3-4x by 2040 Highest: TN (7.9 GW), MH, GJ, RJ
Solar: 12.5 GW (100 - 60 + 40 target by 2022)
Electricity: Nuclear: 6.7 GW (30GW by 2030 Target)
Rural urban gap: 71% Households have access Biofuel: Target 5 GW by 2022
Only 6 states have 24 hr supply

Transport Governance

Freight: 57% Roads, 30% Rail, 6.5% Shipping ULBs: Self Generate 44% of their funds
Costs: 2.58, 1.41, 1.06 RLBs: Rely 95% on devolution
Roads:
Average development speed: 27 km per day Per-capita income: 3% for ULB and 0.1% of RLB
Deaths: 1 every 3.5 minutes
Economic Loss: 3% GDP annually due to road accidents RTI:
4-5 million applications per year; 1.84 lakh pendency per year
Penalty and Fines in only 2% cases
Death of nearly 40-50 activists

Disaster Management Environment

UNISDR Data: Between 2005-2014 Forest Cover as per SFR 2017:

Nearly 0.7 million deaths 21.54%
1.7 billion affected 3% Very Dense
USD 1.4 trillion economic loss 9% Moderately Dense
~85% disasters are climate based 9% Open Forest
Nearly 30% Area undergoing Land Degradation

Health Pollution:
WHO DB: Top 14/15 are Indian cities
HIV AIDS:
~6.2% global economy loss due to air pollution
2.1 million PLHIV
Life Expectancy decreases by 3 years due to pollutants
UNAIDS 2018 Report:
Only 4% of World’s Freshwater Resources
27% reduction in new infections
120/122 in Water Quality Index
56% reduction in deaths between 2010-17
Plastic:
Improved TB-HIV links - 90% screened
Over 15000 tonne per day generated by 60 cities in 2015
75% know their status
13 mn tonne Plastic entering oceans per year
90% Plastic not recycled
Child Nutrition: Double Burden
Solid Waste:
37% underweight, 8% acutely malnourished
150,000 tonne per day
3rd most overweight nation
Estimated to be 380,000 tonne by 2025
World Hunger Index: 100/119
Only 83% collection and < 30% treatment
Malnutrition → 1/3rd of Under 5 deaths
E-Waste

NHM Targets: Only 5% gets treated

IMR: 25/1000 5th largest producer - ~1.95 mn tonne per year

MMR: 1/1000
TFR: 2.1

Sex Ratio:
1033 (elderly)
927 → 919 (Child)
933 → 943 (overall)