Passive Voice & Concordance

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Pada bagian Passive Voice akan dibahas mengenai materi tenses yang sudah kita pelajari sebelumnya
namun dilihat dari segi pasif atau subjek kalimat yang dikenai/terkena tindakan sedangkan pada
bagian Concordance dibahas mengenai segala kesesuaian unsur inti dalam suatu kalimat (subjek,
presikat, dan objeknya) agar sesuai dengan tata bahasa Inggris yang baik dan benar. Dalam soal-soal
materi ini kita diharuskan untuk mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur dalam kalimat soal serta memilih opsi yang
tepat. Materi ini terbilang cukup mudah jika kita sudah pernah mempelajari materi tenses sebelumnya.

PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat pasif adalah kalimat dimana subjek dari kalimat tersebut dikenai perbuatan, berlawanan dengan
kalimat aktif dimana subjek-lah yang melakukan perbuatan.

Secara umum pola kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Inggris adalah to be + verb3. Bentuk “to be” disesuaikan
dengan pola kalimat yang dimasuki dan waktu kejadian.
PASSIVE IN PRESENT TENSE
Simple Present Tense

E.g. :

Active: Mary helps the boy

Passive:The boy is helped by Mary

Present Continous Tense

E.g. :

Active: Mary is helping the boy

Passive: The boy is being helped by Mary

Present Perfect Tense

E.g. :

Active : Mary has helped the boy

Passive: The boy has been helped by Mary

Present Perfect Continous Tense

E.g. :

Active : Mary has helped the boy

Passive: The boy has been helped by Mary

PASSIVE IN PAST TENSE

Simple Past Tense

E.g. :

Active: Mary helped the boy

Passive: The boy was helped by Mary

Past Continous Tense

E.g. :

Active: Mary was helping the boy

Passive: The boy was being helped by Mary

Past Perfect Tense

E.g. :

Active: Mary had helped the boy

Passive: The boy had been helped by Mary

Past Perfect Continous Tense

E.g. :

Active: Mary had been helping the boy

Passive: The boy had been being helped by Mary

PASSIVE IN FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future Tense
E.g. :

Active: Mary will help the boy

Passive: The boy will be helped by Mary

Future Continous Tense

E.g. :

Active: Mary was helping the boy

Passive: The boy was being helped by Mary

Future Perfect Tense

E.g. :

Active: Mary will have helped the boy

Passive: The boy have been helped by Mary

Future Perfect Continous Tense

E.g. :
Active: Mary will have been helping the boy

Passive: The boy have been being helped by Mary

CONCORDANCE
Concordance adalah persesuaian subjek dan predikat dalam suatu kalimat.

Persesuaian antar Subjek dan Predikat

Jika subjek suatu kalimat dalam bentuk tunggal, maka predikatnya juga tunggal. Jika subjek suatu
kalimat dalam bentuk jamak, maka predikatnya juga jamak.

Subjek tunggal + Predikat tunggal

 is, was
 has
 V1 (-S/-ES)

Subjek jamak + Predikat jamak

 are, were
 have
 V1

Ungkapan yang menyatakan jumlah uang, waktu, berat, jarak, dan

volume
E.g.:

 Twelve months has 365 days.

 Five hundred miles is a long jurney to drive in one day.

Subjek yang terbentuk dari gerund (V-ing) harus dianggap tunggal

E.g.:

 Producing fine paintings requires skill and creativity.

 Reading novels is my hobby.
 Judul buku, majalah, koran, dan film walaupun bentuknya jamak, tetap harus dianggap

Judul buku, majalah, koran, dan walaupun bentuknya jamak, tetap harus
dianggap tunggal.
E.g.:

 The New York Times is one of the best newspapers in the USA.
 Kompas makes readers well-informed.

Kata-kata atau frasa-frasa tertentu.

each, each of, neither of, either of, every, the number of, one of, etc.

E.g.:

 Neither of these books is interesting.

 Every girl and boy above 17 is eligible to vote.
 Each student and teacher has a locker.

Beberapa kata selalu berbentuk jamak, akan tetapi bermakna tunggal.

1. Nama mata pelajaran atau mata

kuliah: economics, mathematics, physics, statistics, civics, linguistics, dsb.
2. Nama penyakit: measles, mumps, dsb.
3. Kata benda abstrak: news, ethics, politics, dsb.

E.g.:

 Mathematics is a difficult subject.

 The news was very good.
Subjek Jamak → Predikat Jamak
Subjek yang digabungkan dengan kata and atau both … and … harus
dianggap jamak.
E.g.:

 A new jaguar and an old BMW are for sale.

 Both Peter and David are my brothers.

Kata-kata several, many, both, few bermakna jamak.

E.g.:

 Both are going to attend the meeting.

 Only a few have passed the exam.

Beberapa kata harus selalu berbentuk jamak.

1. Pakaian (clothes): trousers, pants,

2. Perkakas (tools): scissors, pliers,

E.g.:

 Your sun glasses are broken.

 Scissors have two blades.

Predikat mengikuti subjek pertama (S1)

S1 as well as S2

S1 together with S2 S1 along with S2

E.g.:
The man as well as his two children is staying at the hotel.

S1 S2

Predikat mengikuti subjek kedua Neither S1 nor S2

Either S1 or S2

E.g:

Neither the students nor their teacher is able to solve this problem.

S1 S2