seizures begin in one hemisphere of the brain while generalized seizures begin in both

hemispheres.[28] Some types of seizures may change brain structure, while others appear to have
little effect.[63] Gliosis, neuronal loss, and atrophy of specific areas of the brain are linked to
epilepsy but it is unclear if epilepsy causes these changes or if these changes result in
epilepsy.[63]

Diagnosis

An EEG can aid in locating the focus of the epileptic seizure.

The diagnosis of epilepsy is typically made based on observation of the seizure onset and the
underlying cause.[24] An electroencephalogram (EEG) to look for abnormal patterns of brain
waves and neuroimaging (CT scan or MRI) to look at the structure of the brain are also usually
part of the workup.[24] While figuring out a specific epileptic syndrome is often attempted, it is
not always possible.[24] Video and EEG monitoring may be useful in difficult cases.[64]