Fire Safety in Prisons

PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY page 1
641 Sales Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila
Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
According to Colin Roberts Senior Fire Engineer at Arup Fire Department,
prisons are designed to keep inside. By their very nature. They pose special
problems for fire safety.
Still the fire safety information saves lives. It’s as simple as that even you
are prisoner. Larger facilities, including tall apartment buildings, require more
complexity and greater clarity, in order to keep everyone safe in the event of an
emergency.
There are different types of information should people be aware of. Firstly,
the most important thing to do in the event of a fire is to exit the building in a safe
and orderly manner. In order to accomplish this, everyone should be aware of all
the fire exits. This should include advising people to not take elevators when
leaving a building. People should also be aware of what a fire alarm sounds like
in order to make sure everyone is clear what the appropriate response is in the
event that is activated. This includes advising everyone on whether sprinklers
and other devices will activate as this can often be surprise to many. Second,
People should also be aware of any fire hazards. This includes basic electrical
equipment that many homes and offices have such as a coffeemaker. These
devices can generate a large amount of heat and cause fires if left on. Devices
like these should be indicated as hazards and switched off when not in use.
641 Sales Street Sta. Cruz, Manila
Certain work environments and homes also include possible fire hazards in the
form of open flames and large electrical equipment that can catch fire. Identify
these to everyone who lives and works around them. All fire safety equipment
should be clearly labeled and easily accessible. Whether at home or at work,
everyone who is inside a building, even visitors, should be immediately able to
tell where fire extinguishers and other fire safety products are as well as
instructions on how to use them. These can prevent major structures fires.
Finally, proper safety protocol such as stop-drop-and-roll maneuvers should be
taught to everyone. These too can save lives and posters explaining the proper
response to such emergencies should be clear and available for everyone to
see.
Nowadays, San Juan City has proven to be the city of excellence
throughout the years. The city may be geographically small but huge in terms of
cultural implication, social distinction, economic growth, and tourism
probabilities. The Bureau of Fire Protection is in charged with the duties and
responsibilities of enforcing the fire code as well as imposing all provisions
related to fire prevention. It provides services that are aimed at the prevention of
loss of life and property. In the City of San Juan, with Superintendent Greg B.
Bomowey , as its Chief Fire Marshall, the bureau’s vision is a world class fire
protection agency working towards a progressive society and chores to protect
and suppress destructive fires, investigate it’s causes, provide emergency

medical and rescue services and enforce fire related laws with active
involvement of the community.
To have a better understanding of its mission and vision, the services
include public education by way of having annual activities of community
involvement by Managing (2017) such as: First, the Fire Prevention Month
Celebration which is done every month of March that includes the Barangay Fire
Olympics which the organization takes pride in claiming that only in the City of
San Juan has continuously been doing it for four consecutive years now. This
activity is participated in by the 21 barangays of San Juan where participants
gathered together not just to promote camaraderie among the competitors but to
significantly understand the value and importance of what the firefighters are
doing just to save lives and properties. It also promotes physical fitness among
the contestants. Hence, the people may know and be cognizant of the dangers
and hazards destructive fires can bring. Second, every December 24 and
31“Oplan Iwas Paputok”. This is a bureau’s program in ensuring public safety
during the yuletide season. The objectives of the program is to support the
DOH’s campaign in reducing the number of injuries and deaths caused by
fireworks/firecracker use, indiscriminate firing of guns, firecracker powder
ingestion and fireworks-related non-neonatal tetanus in relation to the Yuletide
celebration. Last is Kiddie Fire Marshall. This aims to teach the children to learn
fire safety rules, what to do in the event of a fire, fire safety drill lessons and
learn that lighters and matches are not toys.

In the Philippine Republic Act 9514 other known as Fire Code of the
Philippines inactive was on December 19, 2008.
The purpose of this Fire Code is to ensure public safety, promote
economic development through the prevention and suppression of all kinds, of
destructive fires, and promote the professionalization of the fire service as a
profession. Towards this end, the State shall enforce all laws, rules and
regulations to ensure adherence to standard fire prevention and safety
measures, and promote accountability in the fire protection and prevention
service.
Setting of the Study
San Juan City in Filipino Lungsod ng San Juan is one of the 16 cities and
municipalities that make up Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines. It
is geographically located at its approximate center and is also the
country's smallest city in terms of land area. According to the 2015 census, it has
a population of 122,180. The city is historically known for the site of the first
battle of the Katipunan, the organization which led the 1896 Philippine
Revolution against the Spanish Empire. Notable landmarks today such
as Pinaglabanan Shrine and heritage homes are located in the city. Other
locations include Greenhills Shopping Center and Santolan Town Plaza, making
the city a major shopping hub with a range of upscale, boutique and bargain
retail.
The BFP in San Juan aimed to provide services that will continually
prevent the loss of life and property. In addition, to proper implementing the fire
code to govern the organization, equipment, operation and proficiency training of
company and community fire brigades as well as continuous training and
competency evaluation of fire volunteers and fire volunteer organization in the
country who shall undergo mandatory fire suppression, inspection, rescue,
emergency medical services and other related emergency response training
programs and competency evaluation to be conducted by BFP. This also
prescribes the continuous professional education, competency evaluation and
recognition of fire safety practitioners, to be conducted by the BFP.

Figure no. 1. Map of San Juan City Jail

Figure no. 2. Picture of the San Juan City

Conceptual framework
From the conceptual framework of the study the researchers conceptualized the
Input- Process – Output (IPO) system in order to assess the effectiveness of fire
code rule no. 6 of RA 9514. This Framework is hereby presented in.
The input consisted of variables structured by the researchers in
measuring the effectiveness of fire code rule no. 6 of RA 9514. In terms of the
following:
1.1 General Guidelines;
1.2 Means of egress; and
1.3 Detection alarm and communication system.
The process consisted by preparation of questionnaire, distribution
of survey questionnaire, gathering of data, tabulation, and analyzation of
gathered data and interpretation.
The output consisted of the measures that will be proposed to
address the problems that encountered in BFP in San Juan.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
The variables structured by

Consisted by
the researchers in
preparation of Enhancement of
measuring the
questionnaire, Fire Prevention
implementation of fire code
distribution of Strategy in San
rule no. 6 of RA 9514. In
survey Juan City Jail
terms of the following:
questionnaire,
gathering of data,
1.2 Means of egress;
tabulation, and
1.3Features of fire
analyzation of
prevention.
gathered data and
1.4Equipments and
interpretation.
facilities;
FEEDBACK
Figure no. 3 Framework of the Study

Statement of the problem
The study focuses in the implementation of selected provision of the fire
code (RA 9514) in San Juan Fire Station.
Specifically the researcher seeks answers in the following specific
questions.
1. How the respondent assessed the implementation of selected provisions of
Fire Code of the Philippines in San Juan City in terms of:
1.2 Means of egress; and
1.3 Detection alarm and communication system?
2. Is there a significant difference in the assessment of the respondents
regarding the implementation of the selected provisions of fire code of the
Philippines in San Juan City?
3. What are the problems encountered by the respondents in the implementation
of selected provisions of fire code of the Philippines in San Juan City Jail?
4. What measures may be proposed to address the problems encountered in the
implementation of selected provisions of fire code of the Philippines from the
findings of the study?
Hypothesis:
The researchers hypothesied that there is no significant difference in the
assessment of the respondents in the implementation of selected provisions of
fire code of the Philippines in San Juan City?
Scope and Limitations of the study
The study is delimited to the following:
The Setting
The study will be conducted in San Juan City, Philippines which is located
at Santolan Road Corner P Glorietta St, San Juan, 1500 Metro Manila
The Subject Content
The study focuses on the evaluation and implementation in San Juan City
Jail and BFP in San Juan City station to the selected provisions of R.A 9514,
specifically the Section 5 (Responsibilities for the enforcement of this Code R.A
9514.) where its first variable is the General Guidelines, second variable is
Means of Egress, third is Detection alarm and communication system
(Division 11, IRR of R.A 9514) and lastly, Problems (Section 8 Prohibited
Acts and Omission R.A 9514).
The Respondents
The study is composed of 3 groups of respondent in the study. The first
group will be the personnel of the BFP San Juan Fire Station, second are the
detainees in San Juan City Jail, and lastly, the personnel of San Juan City Jail.
Time Frame
The study will be conducted for the first semester of Academic year 2018.
Significance of the Study
This study is deemed significant to the following:
To the Criminology students, this study will help them to gain more
knowledge about R.A 9514: Revised Fire Code of the Philippines in connection
to one of their subjects in B.S Criminology, namely CDI 6: Fire Technology and
Arson investigation.
The knowledge acquired can be applied to their studies and future work
as law enforcers.
To the uniformed or Non- Uniformed personnel of San Juan City Fire
Station, the study will help them to reach out to the public that fire safety
enforcement is important, and it needs persuasive approach to prevent
occurrence of fire in the community
To the uniformed or Non- Uniformed personnel of San Juan Jail, the
student will help them improve their current situation on fire safety matters,
delimit the opportunity of the occurrence of fire and most importantly it will help
them to construct a better fire prevention plan.
To the Bureau of Fire Protection of San Juan Administrators, the
study will encourage them to lay down all possible logistical facilities,
paraphernalia, communication systems, fire prevention and protection programs,
and promote the welfare of the fire safety enforcers.
To all Filipino Citizens, the study will help them realize that our
government is sincere in safeguarding, able and willing to provide all the needs
pertaining to fire safety enforcement and fire prevention.
To the Future Researchers, this study will serve as their reference in
making their own research with regards to the revised fire code of the Philippines
as basis of public safety.
Definition of Terms:
Fire Safety - is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by
fire.
Environment - a surroundings or a particular geographical area.
Egress - the action of going out of or leaving a place.
Environment - a surroundings or a particular geographical area.
Fire Alarm - a device making a loud noise that gives warning of a fire.
Fire Code - a set of building and property regulations designed to establish a
mandatory standard for a building's ability to resist the start and spread of a fire.
Fire Exit - a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as a fire.

Fire Extinguishers - a portable device that discharges a jet of water, foam, gas,
or other material to extinguish a fire.
Fire Hazards - a situation that increases the likelihood of a fire or may impede
escape in the event a fire occurs.
Fire Safety Equipment - are serious threats to physical safety and security of
any workplace and anyone inside.
Fire Safety Products - is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or
control small fires, often in emergency situations.
Geographically - in terms of the geography or physical features of an area.

Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter focuses on the different articles and pieces of
literature and different studies which are related to the present study.
Related Literature
Foreign Literature
Due to their very purpose prisons offer a unique challenge in terms of the
fire safety. Fire safety codes are implemented to help prevent the loss of life if a
fire occurs in a building. To the general public, some codes may seem to be a
little consequence, but they are there for our safety. Where ever people go in
their daily lives, there are codes like the limited number of occupancy in a
building, the placement of fire extinguishers, exit signs for the quickest way out,
doors to be kept closed, but not locked to prevent the spread of fire, etc.
In the United States, the fire code (also fire prevention code or fire safety
code) is a model code adopted by the state or local jurisdiction and enforced by
fire prevention officers within municipal fire departments. It is a set of rules
prescribing minimum requirements to prevent fire and explosion hazards arising
from storage, handling, or use of dangerous materials, or from other specific
hazardous conditions. It complements the building code. The fire code is aimed
primarily at preventing fires, ensuring that necessary training and equipment will
be on hand, and that the original design basis of the building, including the basic
plan set out by the architect, is not compromised. The fire code also addresses
inspection and maintenance requirements of various fire protection equipment in
order to maintain optimal active fire protection and passive fire
protection measures.
In addition, there is hereby adopted that certain fire code known as the
International Fire Code, 2009 Edition, the whole thereof except such portions as
have been deleted, modified or amended and as so deleted, modified or
amended and filed in the finance office, for the purpose of prescribing
regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire or
explosion. Additional deletions, modifications and amendments may from time to
time be made by the City Commission and shall be effective upon their adoption
and filing with the finance officer. The finance officer shall keep and maintain a
master copy of said code, including all future deletions, modifications or
amendments which may be adopted by the City Commission as herein provided,
and the same shall be available and subject to public inspection at all reasonable
times.
In the research conducted by Hall, et al., (2008) the findings support the
thought that cities should consider using fire suppression personnel to assist in
achieving the objective of inspecting all identified properties annually. The
research concluded that cities using fire suppression personnel appeared to
have substantially lower fire rates than cities that exclusively used full-time
inspectors. The assumption of supplementing fulltime inspectors with

suppression personnel is based upon the supposition that typically there are not
enough prevention personnel to perform the required number of annual
inspections within a given jurisdiction. The study conducted by the National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) and the Urban Institute (UI), selected eleven (11)
large U.S. cities representing a wide range of inspection practices whereupon
detailed information on inspection practices was collected.
In the findings by Royse, (2008) research showed that the City of Wichita,
Kansas experienced an increase in the frequency and severity of commercial
fires when suppression personnel were no longer performing inspections. The
applied research project submitted to the National Fire Academy Executive Fire
Officer Program evaluated commercial occupancy fire inspections in the City of
Wichita, Kansas. Priorities within the Wichita Fire Department ended the practice
of suppression personnel performing fire inspections within the commercial
occupancy. Royse (2007) goes on to explain that, "changes in the operations
division priorities deemed commercial occupancy fire inspections were a non-
priority activity." Descriptive and historical research methods were used to
analyze the relationship between the increase in commercial structure fires and
the last inspection performed.
According to Werner (2008) found the need for fire suppression
personnel to perform fire inspections was established as a result of an inspection
caseload that was too great for the number of full time inspectors. Furthermore,
when fire suppression personnel performed fire inspections, an increased public
image was recognized as well as improved professionalism for fire suppression

personnel. The study, an applied research project for the National Fire Academy
(NFA) Executive Fire Officer (EFO) program, used action research to answer the
question concerning the need for fire suppression personnel to conduct fire code
inspections.
According to, Jee (2008) showed that fire departments that supplement
fire prevention bureau inspections with suppression personnel have fewer fires,
lower fire losses, and fewer civilian casualties within properties regulated by fire
codes, when compared to cities which do not utilize fire suppression personnel.
The research study 19 conducted for a NFA EFO research paper and utilized the
action research methodology to establish the most effective means of performing
inspections.
According to Schaenman and Swartz, (2008) research found the
measurement of productivity focused on the two principal functions of the fire
department, fire prevention and fire suppression. In order to measure the efforts
of fire prevention within the business community, it was determined that the
change in incidence over time could be monitored as fire prevention resources
are applied. The report, published by the National Fire Protection Association
demonstrated that measuring the number of fires per 100 commercial
occupancies could be used as an effective means of measurement. By analyzing
the number of fires per 100 population, that the change in incidents over time
could be monitored as the prevention resources are applied. The study also
found that comparing a given city against other "like" city is beneficial in order to
identify trends while also establishing benchmarks.

The research conducted by Coulter, (2010) showed that disagreement
among researchers concerning how to conceptualize organizational
effectiveness resulted in the creation of three organizational effectiveness
models: first, the behavioral-attitude model. Second, the procession model and
last is the goal attainment model within the context of fire prevention, the goal-
attainment model provides the framework to measure inspection effectiveness.
"The goal-attainment model defines organizational effectiveness in terms of the
extent to which the organization achieves its goals or objectives" (Coulter, 1978,
p. 65).Many factors can influence the attainment of the organizations goals,
including the behaviors and attitudes of the employees as well as the internal
workings of the organization. Coulter goes on to explain that organizational
effectiveness must be defined as achieving goals that have been defined
externally, such as community expectations. When effectiveness is defined as
the level in which the fire service avoids or reduces property loss, injury, or
illness from the effects of fire, then the 21 framework to evaluate the
effectiveness of inspections is provided. The study published in the
Administrative Science Quarterly utilized surveys mailed to fire departments,
building inspections departments, and city managers in fifty of the standard
metropolitan statistical areas in the United States that had less than 1.5 million
residents and contained within a single state. In addition, supplemental data was
utilized from the NFPA as well as the U.S. Census. Finally, the effectiveness of
an organization utilizing the goal attainment model and measuring four elements;
fire prevention, fire suppression, budgetary expenditures, and productivity can

provide a conceptualization of organizational effectiveness that focuses on how
successful the organization uses resources. The analysis showed that
environmental and organizational differences can severely impact the levels of
effectiveness. "How the service is delivered, by what kinds of personnel, and in
what kinds of organization all seem to make a difference in the way fire service
supply and demand are articulated and in the impact of fire protection on the
urban environment" (Coulter, 1978, p. 79).,
In their research, Hall ant, Flynn, and Grant (2008) offer that for a
program to be considered effective when used, the singular element needed is
for it to reach its intended population. The report published by The Fire
Protection Research Foundation, found that program effectiveness might also be
known or suspected to be dependent on the quantity and/or quality of service
delivered. Inspection quantity, directly related to the frequency of inspection, in
addition to the scope of coverage. Inspection quality evaluated how well each
inspection succeeds in identifying hazards, initiating a process to have those
hazards quickly corrected, achieving timely hazard correction through effective
follow-up, and educating and motivating safety to the occupants and managers.
Previous research had indicated that accidental dwelling fires are not
uniformly distributed among the population, but typically occur more frequently in
areas that have higher proportions of individuals from at-risk groups such as the
elderly, smokers, and Downloaded by Liverpool John Moores University At 07:17
13 May 2015 (PT) the deprived Leth et al (1998); Jordan et al (1999). A deeper
appreciation of the causal factors associated with dwelling fires can support
more targeted fire prevention approaches. Currently fire risk models adopted by
UK fire and rescue services typically involve analysis of previous fire incidences,
along with indices of multiple deprivation Brown et al (2010). The Fire Services
Emergency Cover (FSEC) model of fire risk used by some UK fire and rescue
services O’Grady (2014) utilizes previous dwelling fire incident data, resource
location and the time taken to travel to a fire incident. The FSEC risk assessment
analyzes the relationship between response time and fatality rates for fire
incidents. The two main measures of dwelling fire risk produced by FSEC are the
predicted number of deaths per year, and the predicted annual death rate per
resident.
Fire prevention activities said that Rosenberg (1999) and Brussoni
(2006); have increasingly been used by fire and rescue services in order to
attempt to achieve reductions in fire incidence. For example, the UK Home Fire
Safety Check Kendrick et al(2012) was introduced in the UK in 1999. In order to
attempt to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of fire prevention activities,
fire and rescue services may target fire prevention initiatives to those individuals,
social and economic groups and geographic areas perceived to have a higher
risk of fires occurring Diekman, (2010). Crawford (2005) stated that continual
reassessment and adjustment of fire prevention activities is essential to
providing a long term solution for reducing fire deaths, injuries and property
damage.
Local Literature
Based on the report of ABS- CBN last March 01, 2018 said that fires have
killed 32 people nationwide in the first 2 months of 2018, based in Bureau of Fire
Protection. Data from the bureau showed there have been 1,758 fires so far in
2018, which have injured 108 people and damaged over P1 billion in property.
Out of the total, 525 fire incidents were recorded in Metro Manila, where 9 died
and 36 were injured, the BFP said. In 2017, there were some 14,000 fire
incidents nationwide. These left dead 304 civilians, injured 889 others and left
some P7.8 billion in damage to property, the bureau added. The top 3 causes of
fire in the Philippines are faulty electrical connections, lit cigarette butts, and
open flames from unattended stoves, according to the BFP. Another fire accident
is in New bilibid prisons based on Philippine Star, Abroke out at the New Bilibid
Prison (NBP) in Muntinlupa City last October 11, 2018. Arson probers said the
fire razed the Samsung building at the NBP’s medium security compound at past
3 a.m. The Bureau of Fire Protection said the blaze immediately spread because
the dried leaves used by inmates in handicraft were stored in the building.
The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) is an agency of the Department of
the Interior and Local Government (DILG) responsible for implementing national
policies related to Fire fighting and fire prevention as well as implementation of
the Philippine Fire Code (PD 1185), which has been repealed and replaced by
the New Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514). Formerly known as
the Integrated National Police Fire Service, the BFP is in charge of the
administration and management of municipal and city fire and emergency

services all over the country. (Ocampo, 2010). The enactment of RA 9514 or the
Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 is a milestone in the history of the Bureau of
Fire Protection. It has been a long dream of the BFP and it finally came into
being. It serves as an effective tool of the BFP in achieving its mission and the
realizing its vision (Joseph, 2013). The enforcement of the new Fire Code
requires a comprehensive and thorough knowledge on the code in order to
effectively and efficiently executes it. With the various memoranda, and
guidelines crafted, our fire safety enforcers and other BFP personnel who are in
the frontline services will be properly guided so as to observe the standard
procedures in the implementation and enforcement of RA 9514 (Pascua, 2013) .
In the same manner, with the reports and data submitted by the field offices, it
would be easy to monitor the implementation of the new Fire Code (Cruz, 2015).
This new fire safety enforcement manual is anchored on the Fire Code of the
Philippines of 2008 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations. It basically
composes of the various issuances and circulars issued by the Chief, BFP and
the SILG as far as the implementation and enforcement of the new Fire Code
are concern. This manual will serve as the basic tool for our fire safety enforcers
in the performance of their duties and responsibilities. The compilations attached
are the significant documents that would address certain issues and concerns
regarding the implementation of the code (Baradi, 2011).
In a move to boost the modernization program of the Department of
Interior and Local Government, Bureau of Fire Protection, Republic Act (R.A.)
no. 9514, the Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 was signed into law repealing
the old Fire Code the P.D. 1185.
The new law accords the BFP chief authority to issue closure orders for
buildings or structures declared as fire hazards, and “deliberately order the
removal of hazardous materials or halt hazardous operations of business
establishments whose physical layout is prone to industrial-related fire incidents,
or order the work stoppage of structures still being constructed for the absence
or violation of any approved construction plan.” It imposes accountability on
public officials and employees, as well as criminal penalties for negligence,
malfeasance, or misfeasance in performing their sworn duties to the country.
The Bureau of Fire and the Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 will go a
long way in carrying out the much-needed fire safety measures in all government
and private structures, establishments or buildings.
In order for the Bureau of Fire Protection to implement properly the fire
safety measures and awareness business establishment/building
owners/occupants must comply with the standard of the Fire Code of the
Philippines. In general, compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a
specification, policy, standard or law. However, for the purpose of this study
regulatory compliance will be used. Regulatory compliance describes the goal
that 9 corporations or public agencies aspire to achieve in their efforts to ensure
that personnel are aware of and take steps to comply with relevant laws and
regulations
Local Studies.
Related to this study, Enesto F Gandia, in his thesis entitled Fire
Prevention Program of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdaneta City, he
evaluated the Fire Prevention Program particularly the enforcement phase of the
BFP in the City of Urdaneta during the period of 2006 to 2007, as to whether it
was fully implemented or not. It is also determined the extent of compliance by
the business/building owners/occupants to the standards of the Fire Code of the
Philippines as assessed by the BFP personnel of the Urdaneta City and level of
effectiveness in the implementation of the Fire Prevention Program as perceived
by the BFP personnel and residents of the city. The problems encountered
problems were also looked into. Study shows that on the conduct of fire safety
inspection as a requirement to the grant of permits/licenses, for the occupancy of
the building and installation of fire protection and fire safety equipment the
personnel and residents have the same descriptive rating of “high.” Perception
with regards to the level of effectiveness of the Fire Prevention Program on fire
safety requirements to business, structures and their premises or facilities BFP
personnel rate it high compared to the residents with moderate. Extent of
Compliance to the Fire Code of the Philippines, the BFP personnel assessed the
compliance standards as high.
Foreign Studies
According to a study by W.E Osterhoff and McCartney in their book
Corrections today said that a survey of 54 jails in one State revealed that 61
percent had no second means of exit from the housing area, 28 percent had no
fire and smoke alarm detection system, and 41 percent conducted no fire drills.
Correctional personnel must plan, implement, and monitor an effective program
to reduce the changes of fires and for responding swiftly to actual emergencies.
A written fire safety plan is crucial to effective fire safety management for
correctional facilities. Common fire hazards in correctional facilities include
inadequate evacuation routes, inadequate or outdated wiring, synthetic
petroleum-based construction and furnishing materials, flammable cleaning and
cooking materials, and lack of smoke and heat detection equipment.
The dangers found in a correctional facility can be minimized by the
activities and training of the staff to prevent human errors during emergencies.
Since difficulties with locking mechanisms and keys are the most common
problems encountered in fire emergencies, a complete set of clearly identifiable
emergency keys should be kept in a security area. Written policies and
procedures should cover such topics as preventive inspections, evacuation
plans, training for staff and prisoners, temporary prisoner security, and the chain
of command. Since 75 percent of all correctional fires are started by prisoners,
special attention should be given to risks related to prisoners and to the
education of prisoners. In addition, staff should be carefully trained so that
written procedures are incorporated into daily operations. Nine legal citations
and 13 references are listed.
In the study of Xtrails. Com 2019 said that Correctional institutions of all
shapes and sizes – from large penitentiaries to small jails and substance abuse
centers – trust Xtralis for enhanced safety and security inside and outside the
facility. Whether providing advance warning of a fire to helping inmates escape a
fire, or simply ensuring inmates do not escape, Xtralis life safety and
security solutions are the informed choice. From intelligent very early warning
smoke detection to state-of-the-art access control, video surveillance and
intrusion detection, Xtralis delivers absolute reliability and unparalleled
situational awareness in the most challenging of environments. With Xtralis life
safety and security solutions for correctional facilities, you can detect threats at
the earliest possible stage, giving you valuable time to take action to avoid or
minimize damage or harm. Our safety and security solutions can be seamlessly
integrated and managed on a single software platform for a 360-degree view of
your entire prison's safety and security operations.
In a study made by Zhang at.el, 2015 said that they have assessed a
potential factors that might compromise the fire safety in the correctional facilities
in china; it includes fire protection and fire prevention management, hidden
dangers checking, firefighting trainings, fire emergency plan, fire safety
responsibility system and fire facilities maintenance
To solved these problems Chiang, 2013 said that it needs to strengthen
the fire management of prisoners, to increase investment on fire safety and to
reduce the risk of fire if possible.

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Fire Safety in Prisons

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Fire Safety in Prisons

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PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY page 1

641 Sales Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila

The Problem and Its Background

According to Colin Roberts Senior Fire Engineer at Arup Fire Department,

problems for fire safety.

event that is activated. This includes advising everyone on whether sprinklers

should be clearly labeled and easily accessible. Whether at home or at work,

everyone who is inside a building, even visitors, should be immediately able to

Finally, proper safety protocol such as stop-drop-and-roll maneuvers should be

response to such emergencies should be clear and available for everyone to

Nowadays, San Juan City has proven to be the city of excellence

cultural implication, social distinction, economic growth, and tourism

responsibilities of enforcing the fire code as well as imposing all provisions

protection agency working towards a progressive society and chores to protect

and suppress destructive fires, investigate it’s causes, provide emergency

involvement of the community.

To have a better understanding of its mission and vision, the services

include public education by way of having annual activities of community

activity is participated in by the 21 barangays of San Juan where participants

31“Oplan Iwas Paputok”. This is a bureau’s program in ensuring public safety

DOH’s campaign in reducing the number of injuries and deaths caused by

fireworks/firecracker use, indiscriminate firing of guns, firecracker powder

ingestion and fireworks-related non-neonatal tetanus in relation to the Yuletide

learn that lighters and matches are not toys.

Philippines inactive was on December 19, 2008.

The purpose of this Fire Code is to ensure public safety, promote

economic development through the prevention and suppression of all kinds, of

destructive fires, and promote the professionalization of the fire service as a

regulations to ensure adherence to standard fire prevention and safety

measures, and promote accountability in the fire protection and prevention

Setting of the Study

is geographically located at its approximate center and is also the

Revolution against the Spanish Empire. Notable landmarks today such

company and community fire brigades as well as continuous training and

competency evaluation of fire volunteers and fire volunteer organization in the

country who shall undergo mandatory fire suppression, inspection, rescue,

emergency medical services and other related emergency response training

programs and competency evaluation to be conducted by BFP. This also

prescribes the continuous professional education, competency evaluation and

recognition of fire safety practitioners, to be conducted by the BFP.

Figure no. 1. Map of San Juan City Jail

Figure no. 2. Picture of the San Juan City

code rule no. 6 of RA 9514. This Framework is hereby presented in.

The input consisted of variables structured by the researchers in

1.1 General Guidelines;

1.2 Means of egress; and

1.3 Detection alarm and communication system.

The process consisted by preparation of questionnaire, distribution

of survey questionnaire, gathering of data, tabulation, and analyzation of

gathered data and interpretation.

The output consisted of the measures that will be proposed to

address the problems that encountered in BFP in San Juan.

The variables structured by

Figure no. 3 Framework of the Study

The study focuses in the implementation of selected provision of the fire

code (RA 9514) in San Juan Fire Station.

Specifically the researcher seeks answers in the following specific

1. How the respondent assessed the implementation of selected provisions of

Fire Code of the Philippines in San Juan City in terms of:

1.1 General Guidelines;

1.2 Means of egress; and

1.3 Detection alarm and communication system?

2. Is there a significant difference in the assessment of the respondents