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Why is an assessment methodology

necessary?
• Assessment is a vital element of the program
planning process. It provides the information on
which decisions will be made. Whilst good
Assessment Tools information does not guarantee a good program,
poor information almost certainly guarantees a
bad one.
• The use of a standard methodology means that
the information obtained through the assessment
can be compared with data collected during
previous assessments.

Concept
• The project cycle consists of a number of phases , which can
broadly be described as follows:
The Project cycle
• assessment: gaining an understanding of a situation in order
to identify the problems, their sources and consequences;
• planning/programming: organization of a project/program’s
activities;
• implementation: actions taken to assist the population;
monitoring: continuous observation of the project/program’s
progress;
• review: a comprehensive examination of progress of a
project/ programme carried out by a relevant member of
operational management;
• evaluation: an independent, objective and thorough
examination of a policy, programme, support service or
emergency operation, including its design, implementation
and impact.

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Types of Assessment Types of assessments

There are three types of assessment: rapid, detailed assessment and continual
assessment
1. Rapid assessment: Undertaken after a major upheaval, such as an
earthquake or sudden population displacement, a rapid assessment gathers
information on the needs and existing capacities of the affected population,
possible areas of intervention and resource requirements. A rapid
assessment normally takes one week or less. It should be followed by a
detailed assessment.
2. Detailed assessment: A detailed assessment may be carried out for any of
the following reasons:
– A rapid assessment has been done and more detailed information is required to
enable recommendations to be made
– The movement is considering starting operation in a new area and requires
detailed information to inform the decision
– The movement suspects that the situation is changing gradually
Detailed assessment generally take about one month but could take more or less time
depending on the size of the area, the complexity of the issues and the resources
available.
3. Continual assessment: Continual assessment takes
place when the movement has carried out a detailed
assessment and is now operation in an area. It involves
regularly updating information on the situation and
seeking relevant feedback from the beneficiaries in order
to facilitate decision-making on long-term activities.
Effective continual assessment helps to spot when
changes occur and when they do, to initiate a rapid or
detailed assessment. Information gathered during
continual assessment is used as secondary information
during rapid and detailed assessments.

Features Rapid assessment Detailed Continual assessment Features Rapid assessment Detailed Continual assessment
assessment assessment
Time About one week About one month Information collected Time About one week About one month Information collected
regularly throughout regularly throughout
the operational period the operational period
Access to Limited: There is not time Possible to visit Full access Importance of High Low Medium
information to visit all locations and enough locations assumptions Insufficient time to Sufficient time to Assumptions based on
sources talk to full range of and interview a full gather full information. interview full indicators and
informants or security and range of Must make range of informants, but these
/or safety limits informants. assumptions based on informants can be verified from
movement and access to previous experience. other sources.
people Types of Experienced generalist Generalist possibly Red Cross Red
Typical Secondary information, Secondary Secondary assessment with previous exposure supported by Crescent staff
information local services, NGOs, information full information selected team to this type of specialists. (generalist) carrying
sources government affected range of informants, indicators, emergency out normal activities
population/ household informants red cross, red
visits Crescent staff and
volunteers.

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Assessment process
Assessment should be looked at from two perspective:
The content and the process
The assessment process is the way in which an
assessment in conducted. It sets out the various steps or
methods that should be applied in order to help the
quality of the work and the outcome.
There are three major phases of an assessment process:
• Before field visit
• During the field visit
• After the field visit

Assessment tools
• Tools includes following:
– Handbooks
– Manuals
– Guides
– Guidelines
– Instructions
that help understand and apply disaster risk
management instruments, in whichever format they
have been created and provided:
– Book, brochure, leaflet, flyer, poster, film, slides,
power point presentation, diskette

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SN Tools Description SN Tools Description

1. GeoNode GeoNode is a web-based platform for developing geospatial 6. DisasterAW DisasterAWARE (All-hazard Warning, Analysis, and Risk Evaluation),
information systems (GIS) and for deploying spatial data ARE developed by the Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) in 2011, is an integrated
infrastructures (SDI). hazard monitoring platform providing situational awareness, decision
support, and information exchange capabilities to disaster-management
2. GeoServer GeoServer is an open source server for sharing geospatial data. decision makers around the world.
Designed for interoperability, it publishes data from any major USHAHIDI is an open source platform designed to visualize information
7. USHAHIDI
spatial data source using open source technology. on a map.

3. GeoNetwork GeoNetwork is a cataloging application to manage spatially

referenced resources. It provides powerful metadata editing and 8. HazUS HazUS, developed by FEMA, is a nationally applicable standardized
search functions as well as an embedded interactive web map methodology that contains models for estimating potential losses from
viewer. earthquakes, floods and hurricanes.

DesInventar is a software tool for the systematic collection,
4 DesInventar
documentation and analysis of data about damage and losses
associated with natural hazards.
9. CAPRA CAPRA is a modular, free platform for probabilistic risk assessment of
natural hazards, equipped with a set of hazard mapping, loss estimation
and cost-benefit analysis tools. It can also be used to design risk-financing
strategies.

5 SAHANA SAHANA is a disaster information management solution designed

10 CATSIM
for national and local authorities and relief agencies in their CATSIM, developed by IIASA, is a quantitative modeling methodology
response to numerous large-scale, sudden-onset disasters. for assessing economic and fiscal impacts of natural disaster risk.
Melcher et al. (2013) tested the use of this methodology in Nepal.

SN Tools Description SN Tools Description

11 HEC RAS HEC-RAS is a computer program that models the hydraulics of 15

water flow through natural rivers and other channels. The program
is one-dimensional, meaning that there is no direct modeling of
the hydraulic effect of cross section shape changes, bends, and
other two- and three-dimensional aspects of flow.
16.
The OpenQuake Engine is Global Earthquake Model ’s state-of-
12 OpenQuake
the-art software for seismic hazard and risk assessment at
varying scales of resolution, from global to local.
ALOHA is a hazard modeling program of CAMEO software suite
ALOHA
that is designed for response to chemical emgerncy.
OpenHazard, is a online platform developed to provide public and
world financial community with real-time natural hazard
OpenHazard
assessments including EQ, FL, wildfires, hurricanes.

13 SHAKE2000 SHAKE 2000 is a computer program that is designed for
practicing engineers to address geotechnical aspects of
earthquake engineering and to model the response in a
system of homogeneous, visco-elastic layers of infinite
horizontal extent subjected to vertically travelling shear
waves.
14. RADUIS RADIUS is Risk Assessment Tools for Diagnosis of Urban Areas
against Seismic Disasters
17
GRIPWeb is an online library system for systematically archiving
GRIPWeb disaster risk information and its use in decision making.
18.
QGIS (previously known as "Quantum GIS") is a cross-platform
free and open-source desktop geographic information system (GIS)
Quantum GIS
application that provides data viewing, editing, and analysis
capabilities

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SN Tools Description

19

ArcGIS is a geographic information system (GIS) for working

ArcGIS
with maps and geographic information.

20 Google Earth Engine is a planetary-scale online platform for

environmental data & analysis, with a over 40 year archive of the
Google Earth
world's satellite imagery (Landsat) and GIS mapping and analytic
Engine
tools for detecting deforestation, classifying land cover, estimating
forest biomass and carbon, and mapping the world’s roadless areas.
21

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), known as a drone, is an aircraft

UAV
without a human pilot on board, which has been used to capture
technology
data and information during disasters.